Department of Mathematics

MAL 110 (Mathematics I)

Tutorial Sheet No. 6
Linear Algebra and Matrix
1. Let V be the set of all pairs (x, y) of real numbers and let F be the field of real numbers. Define

(x, y) + (x1 , y1 ) = (x + x1 , y + y1 )
c · (x, y) = (cx, y)
Is V , with these operations, a vector space over the field of real numbers?
2. Let V = R3 be a vector space under usual addition and scaler multiplication. Define W , a subset of V , by

W = {(x1 , x2 , x3 ) : x1 = x2 = x3 + 1}
Show that W is not a vector subspace of V .
3. Let,

M = {(x1 , x2 , x3 ) : x1 + x2 + 4x3 = 0}
N = {(x1 , x2 , x3 ) : x1 + x2 + x3 = 0}
∩
Determine bases for M + N and M N as subspaces of R3 .
W1 and W2 be subspaces of R8 and dim(W1 ) = 6, dim(W2 ) = 5. What are the possible dimensions of
4. Let ∩
W1 W2 ?
5. Let W1 be a vector space of matrices of the form :
[ ]
x −x
M=
y z

and let W2 be a vector space of matrices of the form :

[ ]
a b
M=
−a c
∩
Find the dimensions of W1 , W2 , W1 + W2 and W1 W2 .
6. Let P2 be a vector space of polynomials of degree ≤ 2 with real coefficients. Which of the following sets form
a basis for P2 ?

(a) {1 − t, t(1 − t), 1 − t2 }

(b) {t2 − 1, t2 + 3t − 2, t2 + 1}

7. Determine which of the following equations define a linear transformation in the space P of polynomials?

(a) T (P ) = xP (x)
(b) T (P ) = P (x + 1) − P (0)

8. Determine the range and null space of the linear transformation :

T (x1 , x2 , x3 ) = (x1 − x2 + x3 , x2 − x3 , x1 )
Also determine rank(T ) and nullity(T ).
9. Determine a linear transformation T : R3 → R3 whose range space is spanned by {(1, 2, 0), (0, 1, 1)}.

1
10. Determine explicitly the linear transformation
T : R2 → R2 such that T (2, 3) = (4, 5) and T (1, 0) = (0, 1) .
11. Let T (x1 , x2 , x3 ) = (0, x1 , x2 ) for all (x1 , x2 , x3 ) ∈ R3 . Find the matrix representation of T with respect to
the basis B = {(1, 0, , 0), (1, 1, 0), (1, 1, 1)}.
12. Let T : P 3 → P 3 be defined by :
d
T {P (x)} = P (x)
dx
Determine the matrix of T with respect to the basis {1, x, x2 , x3 }. Also determine the transformation whose
matrix with respect to the above basis is :
 
1 0 0 0
 1 1 0 0 
 
 1 1 1 0 
1 1 1 1
13. Let V be a finite dimensional vector space and let T be a linear operator on V . Suppose that

rank(T 2 ) = rank(T ).
Prove that the range and null space of T are disjoint i.e. have only the zero vector in common.
14. Let V (C([0, 1])) be the vector space of all complex valued continuous functions on the unit interval, 0 ≤ t ≤ 1.
If f (t), g(t) in V , define
∫ 1
< f, g > = f (t).g(t) dt
0
Prove that this is an inner product.
15. Let <, > be the standard inner product on R2 . Let α = (1, 2); β = (−1, 1). If γ is a vector such that
< α, γ > = − 1 and < β, γ > = 3, find γ.
16. Reduce the following matrices into row echelon form and find it’s rank.
 
1 2 −1 2  
 2  1 1 1
3 5 4 
(a) 
 3 (b)  a b c 
−4 −6 7 
a3 b3 c3
4 5 8 2

17. If A and B are matrices of the same order, show that

rank(A + B) ≤ rank(A) + rank(B).

18. Find the values of λ for which the following system has non-trivial solution :

3x + y − λz = 0
4x − 2y − 3z = 0
2λ + 4y + λz = 0.

19. Solve the following system of equations :

x1 + 2x2 + x3 = 0, 2x1 + x2 + x3 = 1, x1 + 3x2 + x3 = 2.