SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

STEM Strand
Maedel Joy Ventura—Escote, Ph.D.
Mobile Number: 09085282839
Email: escotemaedeljoy86@gmail.com
Consultation hour: Every Friday from 11:00—12:00 pm

Dear Students,

Please find enclosed the module materials for the subject titled:

STEM 6: GENERAL BIOLOGY 1

Google classroom code:

Welcome to Assumption College of Nabunturan, Thank you for choosing Science Technology
Engineering and Mathematics Strand . It is our fervent hope that we will be able to provide the
support and information you need in your journey in STEM Strand.
I am the instructor of this subject, General Biology, this subject is fascinating especially for sci-
ence enthusiast, and as a future medical practitioner this subject is significant, for you to be ac-
quainted with all the basics in biology.
This course will require your full cooperation and resourcefulness, especially that this course
will require laboratory works. It is important that you are always updated in our goggle class-
room account for information and activities that you need to comply.
I truly believe that even in this trying times, learning will continue if we have the perseverance
and determination.
Once again welcome to General Biology. I look forward to working with you throughout the se-
mester.

Sincerely;

Maedel Joy Ventura Escote, Ph.D

What do you see in the picture? What do you think is the reason why the other cell is asking
that they should consider having a nucleus? What is a nucleus and how important it is in the
processes inside the cell?

In this lesson we will explore the CELLS. The cells are the most important structure in every
living organism. It is known as the building blocks of life. Just imagine a house made up of
blocks, if blocks were not present the house would not be completed. The same with your
body and all other organisms, without cells you will not exist.

Your body has many kinds of cells, each specialized for a specific purpose. Just as a house is
made from a variety of building materials. The human body is constructed from many cell
types, each type plays a vital role during the growth, development, and day-to-day mainte-
nance of the body.

Are you ready to explore everything about the CELLS?

UNIT 1
CELL STRUCTURE
Learning Objectives:

 Recite the postulates of cell theory

 Explain the roles of cell in an organism, particularly in the levels of organization of
an organism
 Summarize the functions of major components found in all cell types, as well as or-
ganelles unique to each cell type
 Tabulate the similarities and differences between major cell types; and (prokaryotic
vs. eukaryotic and animal vs. plant cell) in terms of structures.
 Construct a 3D model of a plant/animal/ bacterial cell using recyclable materials

SPOT THE DIFFERENCE

Identify the differences of the two pictures. Write your observations below.
NAME IT...

There are two types of cell, have you heard of the PROKARYOTIC CELL AND EUKARYOTIC
CELL?
My challenge for you is to determine which of the two picture is the prokaryotic and eukaryotic
cell.

What is the basis of your answer? Do you have a prior knowledge about this terminologies?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

LET’S CHECK YOUR PRIOR KNOWLEDGE

Loop vertically, horizontally, or diagonally the seven (7) words pertaining to parts of the cell.
Then, complete the paragraph below by writing the words taken from the puzzle.

The Discovery of the Cell B A C E L L S E S

E R R U E I S P C
The first observation of cells was made in
C N O H D E E T T
1665 by ______________________, who used a
R E B G U F L E S
_____________________ microscope. He exam-
ined a thin piece of __________________. At U Q E S R T U P I

about the same time, Anton van Leeuwenhoek, a I K R O C O C O L

Dutch ____________________, was using a P S T A E S A C A

simple ______________________ to examine H W H Q U R M S R

E I O T S I I O U
materials such as blood and rainwater. In each
A Q O W N V N R T
material, van Leeuwenhoek observed the pres-
O M K A X Z A C A
ence of living ________________ he called this
Q I E F U E S I N
living things ___________________________
P A Y R T C A M A
LESSON 1

CELL THEORY
Over the next two centuries after the discoveries of Hooke and Leeuwenhoek, biologists
found cells everywhere. Biologists in the early part of the 19th century suggested that all living
things were made of cells, but the role of cells as the primary building block of life was not dis-
covered until 1839 when two German scientists, Theodor Schwann, a zoologist, and Matthias
Jakob Schleiden, a botanist, suggested that cells were the basic unit of structure and function
of all living things. Later, in 1858, the German doctor Rudolf Virchow observed that cells divide
to produce more cells. He proposed that all cells arise only from other cells. The collective ob-
servations of all three scientists form the Cell Theory, which states that:
all organisms are made up of one or more cells,
all the life functions of an organism occur within cells,
all cells come from pre-existing cells.
Though no one point of the Cell Theory is more important than another, the theory clear-
ly states that the functions necessary for life occur in the cell. Findings since the time of the
original Cell Theory have enabled scientists to "modernize" the theory, including points related
to biochemistry and molecular biology. The modern version of the Cell Theory includes:
all known living things are made up of one or more cells,
all living cells arise from pre-existing cells by division,
the cell is the fundamental unit of structure and function in all living organisms,
the activity of an organism depends on the total activity of independent cells,
energy flow (metabolism and biochemistry) occurs within cells,
cells contain hereditary information (DNA) which is passed from cell to cell during cell divi-
sion,
all cells are basically the same in chemical composition in organisms of similar species.
The Cell Theory is one of the main principles of biology. The points of the theory have
been found to be true for all life. As with any scientific theory, the Cell Theory is based on ob-
servations that over many years upheld the basic conclusions of Schwann’s 1839 paper. How-
ever, one of Schwann’s original conclusions stated that cells formed in a similar way to crys-
tals. This observation, which refers to spontaneous generation of life, was discounted when
Virchow proposed that all cells arise only from other cells. The Cell Theory has withstood in-
tense examination of cells by modern powerful microscopes and other instruments. Scientists
continue to use new techniques and equipment to look into cells to discover additional explana-
tions for how they work.
Source: https://www.ck12.org/biology/the-cell-theory-1501902274.65/lesson/The-Cell-Theory-Advanced-BIO-ADV/
ACTIVITY 1

After reading the text about cell theory, answer the following questions.
Who are the following scientists and what are their contributions?
1. Theodor Schwann - ________________________________________________
2. Matthias Jakob Schleiden - __________________________________________
3. Rudolf Virchow - ___________________________________________________
What are the collective findings of these three scientist?

What are the difference between the 1800’s cell theory and the “modernized” cell theory?

What do you think lead the development of cell theory especially in the modern times? How
it is significant in the continuous discovery on cells?