Vincent E.

Santos August 07, 2019

BS ABE II-B Principles of Animal Science

Assignment:
Define the following organ systems of farm animals.

1. Digestive system- the digestive system is one of the body’s major organ systems. All
animals – except endoparasites such as tapeworms – have a digestive system. Ruminants,
like cow, cattles and sheeps, are mammals that are able to acquire nutrients from plant-based
food by fermenting it in a specialized stomach prior to digestion, principally through
microbial actions.

How does ruminant digestion work?

Ruminant digestion begins when a cow swallows a mouthful of plants. The food is
partially chewed and mixed into a bolus with saliva, before being swallowed and passing
down the esophagus into the rumen. When ruminants are grazing, they tend to swallow their
food quickly, with only minimal mastication. When the animal is resting after grazing, it
regurgitates this partially chewed food, rechews it, and swallows it again.

2. Reproductive system- the reproductive organs of mammals produce the gametes (sperm and
egg cells), help them fertilize and then support the developing embryo.

3. Circulatory system- every animal alive possesses a circulatory system that’s in charge of
bringing nutrients to cells and removing wastes so they don’t cause disease. Circulatory
systems also help out with other tasks by delivering oxygens to cells, distributing hormones,
and maintaining body temperature. Animal hearts come in different sizes and shapes, but
they have the same function: to pump fluid throughout the circulatory system.

4. Nervous system- the nervous system of an animal coordinates the activity of the activity of
the muscles, monitors, the organs, constructs and also stops input from the senses and
initiates actions.

5. Muscular system- it provides the mechanical activity for the animal in the form of mobility
of the different parts of the skeleton or its appendages, the movement of materials along
tubular organs such as the alimentary canal, air passages and blood vessels, and the pumping
of the blood through the circulatory system by the heart.
6. Endocrine system- in order to survive, animals must constantly adapt to changes in the
environment. The nervous and endocrine systems both work together to bring about this
adaptation. Endocrine system is represented by a set of heterogenous structure and origin of
formations capable of internal secretions, release of hormones.

7. Skeletal system- the skeletal system within any living creature is the framework upon which
the body is built. It consists of bones and the muscles in the body, including the joints that
connects the bones and ligaments that allow the joints to move and the cartilage that cushions
the bone. Its main role is to support and acts as a framework of the body.

8. Integumentary system- the integumentary system is an organ system that forms the
protective covering of an animal and comprises the skin, haircoats or feathers, scales, nails,
hooves, and horns.

9. Excretory system- animals need to excrete because they take in substances that are excess to
the body’s requirements and many of the chemical reactions in the body produce waste
products. The major waste products in mammals are carbon dioxide that is removed by the
lungs, and urea that is produced when excess amino acids are broken down. Urea is filtered
from the blood by the kidneys.

10. Respiratory system- the respiratory system of animals includes the lungs and the passages
that provide transportation of air into the lungs.