Intersections here in the PH are common to be inefficient, often causing traffic jams.

Cite
reasons why and give solutions to these reasons. 

For me one of the reason why intersections here in our country is commonly have traffic
jams, is presence of on-street parking. On-street parking refers to the parking space made
available along the curb or shoulder of a street or road that are designed to accommodate vehicle.
If a city provides on-street parking, particularly in commercial area, it makes conscious
choices to provide better access to adjacent land use at the expense of more efficiently
moving traffic (Olorunfemi, 2013). A small number of vehicles parking in the streets can take
most of the space and cause a great deal of trouble if: (1) they do so on streets with heavy traffic,
(2) they park in ways that are especially disruptive, and (3) if they park for a long period,
such as the whole working day (Button, 2006).
The available parking space should be utilized well and meet the parking demand.
Furthermore, strict implementation of parking rules and regulations is a must to avoid illegal
parking.

What makes surveys and studies an important part of the design process of highways?

Planning is a prerequisite for any engineering activity or project; this is particularly true for the
development of a highway network or system in a country.
Road studies play a very important role in the overall functionality of our towns and roadways.
With the right team of engineers, the results of a study can help engineers construct different
solutions for roadway design and traffic control. With these studies, the main goal is to provide
drivers with a safe and efficient means of transportation.