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IS 13276-3 (1992): Evaluation of human exposure to

whole-body vibration, Part 2: Vibration in building(1Hz to
80 Hz) [MED 28: Mechanical Vibration and Shock]

“!ान $ एक न' भारत का +नम-ण”

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“Invent a New India Using Knowledge”

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है”
ह
Bhartṛhari—Nītiśatakam
“Knowledge is such a treasure which cannot be stolen”
 IS 13276 ( Part 3) : 1992
IS0 2631-3 : 1985
( Reaffirmed 1997 )

EVALUATION OF HUMAN EXPOSURE TO

WHOLE-BODY VIBRATION
PART 3 EVALUATION OF EXPOSURE TO WHOLE-BODY z-AXIS VERTtCAL
VIBRATION IN THE FREQUENCY RANGE O-1 HzTO 0’63 Hz

UDC 534’1 : 612’014’45

@ B.IS 1992

BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS

MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG
NEW DELHI 110002

September 1992 Price Group 2

Mechanical Vibration and Shock Sectional Committee. LM 04

NATIONAL FOREWORD

This Indian Standard which is identical with IS0 2631-3 : 1985 ‘Evaluation of human exposure
to whole-body vibration - Part 3 : Evaluation of exposure to whole-body z-axis vertical
vibration in the frequency range 0’1 Hz to 0’63 Hz’ issued by the International Organization
for Standardization ( IS0 ), was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards on the recom-
mmendations of the Mechanical Vibration and Shock Sectional Committee ( LM 04 ) and
approval of the Light Mechanical Engineering Division Council.
The text of IS0 standard has been approved as suitable for publication as Indian Standard
without deviations. Certain conventions are however, not identical to those used in Indian
Standards. Attention is particularly drawn to the following:
a) Wherever the words ‘International Standard’ appear referring to this standard, they
should be read as ‘Indian Standard.’
b) Comma ( , ) has been used as a decimal marker while in Indian Standards the current
practice is to use a point ( . ) as the decimal marker.
In this adopted standard, reference appears to IS0 2631-1, The Indian Standard IS 13276
( Part 1 ) : 1992 ‘Evaluation of human exposure to whole-body vibration : Part 1 General
requirements’, which is identical to IS0 2631-1 : 1985 is to be substituted in its place.
 1s 13276 ( Part 3) : 1992
IS0 26314 : 1985

Indian Standard
EVALUATION OF HUMAN EXPOSURE TO
WHOLE-BODY VIBRATION
PART 3 EVALUATION OF EXPOSURE TO WHOLE-BODY z-AXIS VERTICAL
VIBRATION IN THE FREQUENCY RANGE 0’1 Hz TO 0’63 Hz

0 Introduction (see 4.1.2 in IS0 2631/l 1 which is intended to protect against

pain and permanent injury rather than temporary incapacity.
IS0 2631/ 1 covers vibration in the frequency range 1 to 80 Hz
only, although referring to the “special problem in the fre- Because of lack of data, it is not possible to recommend an ex-
quency range below 1 Hz associated with symptoms such as tension of the fatigue-decreased proficiency boundary below
motion sickness”. Appreciable vibration in this frequency range 1 Hz, but suggestions are made on the unwanted effects on ac-
occurs in many forms of transport. It causes undesirable effects tivity due to inertial loading. Reference is also made by a
ranging from discomfort to acute distress due to motion “reduced comfort” boundary in 3.3.
sickness and allied symptoms and interference with activity due
to sickness and/or the fluctuating inertial forces it produces in Lack of data also confines the recommendations specifically to
the body. t-axis vibration only, applied to unadapted sitting or standing fit
young men. Tentative factors are suggested for some of the
In some forms of transport at least, it is possible to minimize important variables outside these constraints (see 3.1.2).
these unwanted motions by passive or active suspension and
control systems, pitch and roll stabilizers, etc., but until The existence of measured level exceeding the boundaries con-
reCentlY little or no well-founded guidance existed to help tained in this part of IS0 2631 should not be construed as im-
designers optimize such systems. This is probably due firstly plying that undesirable effects occur or will occur in random
to the complexity of the problem, human reaction in this fre- vibration environments where experience shows otherwise.
quency region being extremely variable and depending on
factors other than the motion itself, such as vision, odours,
age, sex, etc. Secondly there is a surprising lack of worthwhile 2 Reference
data~from laboratory and field studies which clearly link human
reaction with motion input. IS0 263111, Evaluation of human exposure to whole-body
vibration - Part 1 : General requirements.
The following suggestions for desirable boundaries of vibration
below 1 Hz are based on critical surveys and analyses of
laboratory and field studies. 3 Vibration evaluation

The object of these recommendations is firstly to give some

3.1 Severe discomfort boundary
design guidance and secondly to stimulate research in this im-
portant, neglected area of human response to vibration. Some
of the gaps in knowledge have been referred to inthis part of 3.1.1 The severe discomfort boundary as a function of fre-
IS0 2631, particularly in 3.1.2. quency and exposure time is shown in the table and the figure
for exposure times of 30 min, 2 h and, tentatively, 8 h. With
For brevity and clarity of presentation, many of the clauses in some support from the data used, the acceleration (I of the
IS0 2631/l which are relevant in principle to vibration below boundary as a function of the exposure time 1, follows the rela-

1 Hz have not been repeated. tionship u2t = constant. This relationship should be used if in-
terpolation or summation of a varying acceleration time history
is required.

1 Scope and field of application

NOTE - The term ‘.‘severe discomfort” (or “malaise”) is used in this
part of IS0 2631 to characterize the broad spectrum of motion sickness
This part of IS0 2631 covers vibration transmitted to the body symptoms occurring successitiely in order of increasing severity or pro-
in the frequency range 0,l to 0.63 Hz. This part of IS0 2631 ap- gressing from pallor and dizziness through nausea to vomitingiand
plies especially to discrete-frequency and narrow-band vibra- complete disability. These symptoms vary from subject to subject in
tion and provisionally to random or non-periodic vibrations severity and duration and change for the same subject depending on
within the specified frequency range. circumstances and habitation.

The boundaries defined in detail in 3.1 are intended to minimize If accelerations or durations beyond those shown in the figure
the severe discomfort associated with motion sickness and are exceeded, a significant proportion of inexperienced, that is
allied symptoms. The “severe discomfort” boundary has some unadapted, seated or standing men in normal health, will ex-
similarity to, but is not an extension.of, the “exposure limit” perience severe discomfort and temporary disability. (About

1
IS 13276 ( Part-3 ) : 1992
IS0 2631-3 : 1985

10 % incidence at levels at the boundary, increasing as ac-
celeration levels increase beyond this. The boundaries therefore
give 90 % cover.)
There is some evidence that motion sickness rarely occurs in
the frequency range 0.83 to 1 Hz.
Although the actual levels given are open to many variables
(see 3.1.21, the shape is consistent and the message to
designers wishing to minimize motion sickness is, if possible, to
avoid or at leas?reduce vibration in the 0,l to 0,315 Hz region in
particular.
3.1.2 Qualifications and extensions
The boundaries apply to z-axis and veitical vibration only. The
critical survey and analyses on which this part of IS0 2831 is
based, particularly recent studies, suggest that this is normally
the dominant direction in which severe reactions are caused in
this frequency range. In most transport, other translational and
rotational modes occur and may reduce tolerance if superim-
posed on the z-axis motion. The analyses suggest that where
other modes exist, particularly pitch and roll, it may be
advisable to reduce the boundary accelerations by about 25 %
to maintain the same degree of protection.
The boundaries apply to infrequent (inexperienced) trevellers
amongst the general public. Many adapt with frequent ex-
posure and for 90 % cover of such populations the boundary
could be raised. Alternatively the same boundary would give a
greater cover of probably around 95 %. For the normal travel-
ling public, however, it appears that a small percentage of pro-
bably about 5 % never adapt to motion below 0,83 Hz. Civil and
military vehicle operators will generally have much higher
tolerance than the normal travelling public, due to adaptation
and selection. Concerning the tentative 8 h boundary, many
travellers may acclimatize in the first hour or so of exposure,
but such acclimatization will probably include undesirable
sickness.
Severall additional influences, particularly vision, fear, head
movement, odours and activity and the ingestion of certain
foods and drink affect motion sickness sensitivity. It is not
possible to quantify their effects at present. The boundaries in
the figure exclude the effects of anti-motion sickness drugs, or
the use of head restraints.
Most of the evidence analysed covered discrete or narrow-band
frequency only and the recommendations apply particularly to
such motion. There has been very limited research into the ef-
fects of vibration below 1 Hz, but if more than one frequency or
narrow band exist together, a lower limit may apply. The sum-
med weighted method in note 2 of 4.2 of IS0 2631 /l should be
use-d.
NOTES
1 In transport vehicles, the motion should be measured at what are
likely to be the most severe positions; that is the areas occupied by
passengers or crew most remote from the pitch and roll centre of the
vehicles.
2 Activities requiring head movement may well increase the tendency
of an individual to motion sickness.
3.2 Decreased proficiency
Because of lack of data, it is not possible to postulate “fatigue-
decreased proficiency” boundaries below 1 Hz. The severe
discomfort boundaries cover disability due to motion sickness.
Below 1 Hz, inertial reaction of the whole body and body
members is most noticeable and at certain vibration levels is
likely to impair manual dexterity. The acceptable degree of im-
pairment and corresponding acceleration !evels will vary greatly
with the nature of the task. In the almost complete lack of data
on this topic, a r.m.s. value of 1,75 m/s2, that is a peak value of
0,25 g, largely independent of frequency, is suggested as the
approximate level at which disturbance may occur to such
tasks as writing and fine manual control.
3.3 Reduced comfort boundary
Because of lack of data and the variability of onset of various
reduced comfort symptoms, it is not possible to specify a
reduced comfort boundary for the 0,l to 1 Hz frequency range
consistent and/or continuous with that for the 1 to 80 Hz
range.
NOTE - A constant acceleration sensitivity for the 0,63 Hz to 1 Hz
range has been assumed in several applications in accordance with the
frequency response for decreased proficiency mentioned in 3.2, but
the relationship should~not be extrapolated below 0,63 Hz.

There is limited evidence that tolerance improves slightly below Table - Numerical values of “severe discomfort
about 0,2 Hz and the horizontal lines in the figure should cer- boundaries” for vibration acceleration in the
tainly not be extrapolated below 0,l Hz. z-axis, (I~ (vertical only)

Women are apparently more prone to motion sickness than Frequency. Hz Acceleration, m/s2
(centre frequency
men and fbr them the boundaries will probably only give about Exposure times
of one-third
85 % cover, that is some 15 % will be sick at, or immediately ah
I
above, the recommended levels. To maintain 90 % cover for
0,25+
women it is likely that accelerations would need to be reduced 0.25”
by about 20 %. 0,25”
0.25”
Tolerance also varies considerably with age, and young 0.25”
children for example are known to be particularly sensitive
whereas elderly people are probably less sensitive”linfants
under the age of 18 months, however, have been found to be
/ g ~~!!!q$ 0.25”
0,375”
0.54’
0.80”
largely immune to motion sickness). No realistic adjustments
can be offered at present to cover this age effect. l Tentative values.
 IS 13276 ( Part3) : 1992
IS0 26315 : 1966

IO

88

683

580

4,O

3,15

2,5

2,O

2 I,25
CE
.; 1‘0

-fj0,8

0,63
I

0,5

0,4

0,315

0,25

0,2

0,16

0,125
,.!V

OJ 0,125O,l6 0‘2 0,25 0,3150,4 0,5 0,63 0,8

I,0
Frequency or centre frequency of one-third octave band, Hz

NOTE - These boundaries are subject to the qualifications in 3.1,

Figure - “Severe discomfort boundaries”, 0.1 to 0.63 Hz for z-axis (a,) vibration

3
IS13276(Part3):1992
IS0 2631-3 : 1985

Bibliography
-.
ALLEN, G.R. Proposed limits for exposure to whole-body vertical vibration 0,l to 1.0 Hz; AGARD-CP 145, 1975.

ALLEN, G.R. Ride quality and International Standard IS0 2631; NASA TM X-3295/DOT-TSC-OST-75-40, November 1975.

ALU(ANDER,S.J., et al, Studies of motion sickness; Journalof experimentalpsychology, 37, 1947, pp. 440-449.
.
O’HANLON, J.F., and MC CAULEY, M.E. Motion sickness incidence as a function of the frequency and acceleration of vertical
sinusoidal motion; Aerospace medicine, April 1974. , 3 I
c
BRUMAGHIM,S.H. Subjective response to commercial aircraft ride, passenger quality testing; IEEE Conference &cord’&C59mms,
1969.

HOLLOWAY,R.B., and BRUMAGHIM,S.H. Tests and analyses applicable to passenger ride quality of large transport; Paper in NASA TM
x-2620, 1972.

YONEKAWA,Y., and MIWA, T. Sensational responses of sinusoidal whole-body vibrations with ultra-low frequencies; Industrial Health
10, 63, 1972.

SHOENEIERGER,
~R.W. SubjectiveTesponse to very low-frequency vibration; Aviation space and environmental medicine Vol46, No. 6,
June 1975.

SIMIC, D. Contribution to the optimisation of the oscillatory properties of a vehicle : Physiological foundations of comfort during
oscillations; Royal Aircraft Establishment Library Translation No 1707, February 1974.

4
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