GENERAL CHEMISTRY 2

SVDPA eCLASSROOM

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
OF SOLUTIONS:
SOLUTION
STOICHIOMETRY
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Stoichiometry is the relationship between the relative quantities of substances taking

part in a reaction or formation of a compound.

Mole is the SI unit for amount of substance.

Mole to mole ratio is the quantitative relationship between the amounts of reactants
and/or products in a given chemical equation.

Molar mass is the mass of one mole of substance, usually measured in g/mol.

Examples:

1. Nitric acid reacts with sodium hydroxide in solution to give sodium nitrate and
water.

HNO3(aq) + NaOH(aq) —> NaNO3(aq) + H2O(l)

1 mole 1 mole 1 mole 1 mole

Question: “How many moles of water are formed when 25.0 mL of 0.100 M HNO3
completely reacts with NaOH?”

Relate the situation to the model earlier presented:

In the given chemical equation, there is HNO3. How many moles of this material are
reacting to produce water?
V HNO3 = 25.0 mL X 1L/1000 mL = 0.025 L.

Thus:
moles HNO3 = M HNO3 X V HNO3 = 0.100 mol/L X 0.025 L = 0.0025 mol
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According to the balanced chemical reaction, for every mole of HNO3 reacted, one
mole of H2O is formed. The mole: mole ratio is 1:1.

Computing for the moles of water formed:

moles H2O = mol HNO3 X mole ratio of H2O to HNO3

2. What volume of a 0.470M HCl reacted with enough Zn metal to produce 1.50g ZnCl2
based on the following reaction?

Zn(s) + 2 HCl(aq) —> ZnCl2(aq) + H2(g)

Molar mass of ZnCl2 = 136.29 g/mol

mol ZnCl 2 = 1.50g ZnCl 2 1 mol = 0.0110 mol ZnCl2

136.29g ZnCl2

mol HCl = 0.0110 mol ZnCl2 2 mol HCl = 0,0220 mol HCl
1 mol ZnCl 2

VHCl = 0.0220 mol HCl = 0.0468 L = 46.8 mL

0.470 mol
L