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Technical Specification - 2018 - Rev.3.1
Technical Specification - 2018 - Rev.3.1
Technical Specification - 2018 - Rev.3.1
Specification
1.0 General
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Technical Specification
1.0 General
It is impossible to overestimate the importance of piping systems in the plants, of which activity is the same as blood vessel in the human
bodies.
Nutritions required for the human body and waste products generated in the body are conveyed and exhausted by way of arteries and
veins, respectively.
On the other hand, steam/water, fuel/air, and flue gas are circulated by way of piping systems.
Hanger and support for a piping system should be placed in order to sustain the load of the piping system, which can prevent this
system from failure due to the internal force(stress).
1) The pipes between terminal points become longer as the larger plants are constructed, which increase the number of
hangers and displacements at the hanging points of the given system.
2) Thermal movements at the points increase due to the high pressure and temperature, which require the hangers to
perfectly permit thermal movements not to restrain the piping flexibility.
3) F atigue and creep phenomena due to variable load and high temperature operations can degrade the function of the
spring coil.
Generally speaking, constant, variable hanger and rigid hanger are used at the hanging point where the thermal movements of the
piping are large(above 30mm), medium(0.25mm ~ 30mm) and small(below 0.25mm), respectively.
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Table 1 Main Products and Their Functions
Thermal Movement
Load Completely Absorbed Partially Absorbed Completely Prohibited
Static Constant Hanger Variable Hanger Rigid Hanger
Dynamic Snubber Damper Rigid Strut
The additional stress can occur if the thermal movements are restricted due to using the rigid, the variable, and maladjusted constant
hanger. This stress is sometimes called “the secondary stress” or “the thermal stress”.
The piping analyzers should, therefore, pay attention to selection of the hanger types adequately considering the piping flexibility.
The hanger which sustain the dynamic load also can be classified into snubbers, dampers and rigid struts according to permissibility
of the thermal movements.
Special care should be taken of buckling in designing these products because the dynamic load implies both the positive and negative
directional forces.
Table 2 shows the sub-products of hangers and their functions.
Product Function
Clamp Enclosing the pipe
Rod Compensating for the elevation difference
Connecting Product Connecting the rod with the rod, the main product, or the clamp
Structural Attachment Connecting hanger system with steel structure or building
Here the clamp encloses the pipe according to its shape. The connecting products are mainly manufactured by forging, which connect
the rod with the rod, the main product, or the clamp. The structural attachments are connected with the steel structure to transfer the
pipe load to it.
The rod is a kind of the rigid hanger which can make up for the elevation difference between the center of the pipe and the bottom of
steel structure.
Especially, to restrain movements of piping system adequately, the following devices can be sometimes used(so-called "restraint");
1) Anchor restrains the translational and rotational displacements of all the directions of the piping system
2) Guide restrains the movement in lateral directions of the piping system
3) Line stop restrains the movement in longitudinal directions of the piping system
4) One way restrains the movement in predetermined directions of the piping system
5) Limit stop is a kind of restraint, permitting the limited movement in the predetermined direction
If the spacing between two hanging points is too far, the following problems shall occur;
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Technical Specification
Consequently, the spacing between the hanging points should, therefore, be limited as shown in Table 3.
Table 3 Maximum Horizontal Pipe Hanger and Support Spacing(See MSS SP-58, Table 4 and ASME B31.1 Table 121.5)
1 25 7 2.1 9 2.7
2 50 10 3.0 13 4.0
3 80 12 3.7 15 4.6
Fig. 1 illustrates the importance of hangers adequately- the effect of hangers on the piping system.
In this figure, the blue line indicates the designed layout of the piping system, so-called the natural state.
Natural state means that the hanging loads at each nodal point are not different from the loads that satisfy the force equilibrium in this
system.
The red line does, however, indicate that the piping system is deformed inadequately due to the deviated load at nodal point from the
designed load by 20%. This deviation can result from the design error, maladjusted hanger, or exhausted life of the spring.
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Designed Actual
Node Force Moment Force Moment
(kN) (kN-m) (kN) (kN-m)
-1.2 -5.0
X 0.1 1.4 (12.0) (3.6)
-0.9 40.3
10 Y 0.1 10.6 (9.0) (3.8)
-12.5 -1.2
Z -6.9 0.1 (1.8) (12.0)
1.2 -8.2
X -0.1 1.3 (12.0) (6.3)
0.9 34.9
100 Y -0.1 16.4 (9.0) (2.1)
-12 3.9
Z -8.3 -0.4 (1.4) (9.8)
Values in brackets ( ) are the rations of actual to design loads.
100
50
15
13
15
13
Z
Y X 9
96.96mm
Z
Y X Designed
9
Deviation 20%
96.96mm
Designed
Deviation 20% -
10
-
-
1
As shown in this table, forces and moments at the anchor points due to the load deviation are much higher than those for the natural -1
state, which results in concentration of the unbalanced forces and moments on the anchor points.
These concentrated forces and moments will promote discontinuous regions to be failed quickly.
1
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Technical Specification
Another example(Fig.2) shows that it is very important for the hanger to sustain the exact load.
When the uniform load(ω) acts on the pipe, Fig. 2.1 shows the reaction force at support points and moment profile along pipe at the equilibrium state.
Then the maximum bending moment for this state is 0.1ω 2
However, when reaction forces at the middle point are reduced by 10%, the maximum bending moment for this state is 0.125ω 2 ,
increased by 25%(Refer to Fig.2.2).
When reaction forces at the middle point are increased by approximately 10%, the maximum bending moment for this state is 0.2ω 2 ,
increased by 100%(Refer to Fig.2.3).
This implies that the strong or weak support is not recommendable, but it is important that the support carry the exact load.
In result, the hanger should carry the exact load with permitting the predetermined the pipe displacement.
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2.0 Hanger and Support Design
Prior to designing the hanger and support, the piping analysis should be performed. Followings specify the design procedure for the
hanger and support.
For the complex piping system, thermal movement should be restrained adequately to prevent the pipe from excessive deformation
using restraint.
Piping stress analysis will be performed in accordance with the applicable code using piping package program.
1) Piping Flexibility
The piping layout will be acceptable, if thermal load were satisfactory.
2) Sustained Load Analysis
Location or number of sustained load duty hangers will be acceptable, if sustained load analysis were satisfactory.
3) Combined Load Analysis(Sustained Load + Thermal Load)
The types and sizes for sustained load duty hangers will be acceptable, if combined load analysis were satisfactory.
4) Occasional Load Analysis
Additional occasional load analysis should be followed to check wind load, seismic load, and/or other dynamic load
such as flow induced dynamic load like steam trip, hammering and so on. The dynamic load duty components selected
will be acceptable, if occasional load analysis were satisfactory.
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Technical Specification
2.4 Making Semi-Engineered Drawings for Hanger and Support
Considering surrounding steel structures and equipments, semi-engineered drawings will prepared. The relative vertical distance(i.e.
distance between pipe center and bottom of structure or between pipe center and ground level) and the relative horizontal position of
hanger and support should be determined in this stage. Undoubtedly, interference check with other equipments should be considered.
For complex piping arrangements, special 3-D Package can be useful to check the interference.
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3.0 Load Group 4.0 Standardized Components
Beam attachments, hanger rods, forged items and others which Standard components are classified according to product and
are not within the thermal insulation and are therefore not ex- type group in Table 5.
posed to the pipe temperature are simply selected by referring
Table 5 Classification of Standard Components
to the load capacity for each load group. Load capacities for
standard sizes are given for static load duty as Table 4; Product Product Group Type Type Group
Group Designation Group Designation
H Horizontal Type
Table 4 Load Capacity According to Load Group(M-Size) CH Constant Hanger B Bottom Type
V Vertical Type
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5.0 Applicable Codes and Materials
5.2 Materials
Materials are exclusively used which correspond to KS/JIS and ASTM/ASME material requirement. As a matter of principle, guaranteed
materials are used for components as tabulated in Table 7.
Temperature(℃)
Material
≤349 ≤399 ≤450 ≤500 ≤530 ≤560 ≤600 ≤650
For Components
A36 ◦ ◦
A387 Gr.11 ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦
A387 Gr.22 ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ▵
A387 Gr.91 ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦
For Connection Components
A668 C / A36 / S20C ◦ ▵
A193 B7 ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦
A193 B8 ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦
A193 B16 ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦
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6.0 Installation, Handling and Maintenance
Additionally, following check points for each assembly should be carefully considered;
1) Adjust the rods to maintain design elevation of the pipe line and tension in the rods.
2) Check the thread engagement and tighten the nuts for safety.
3) Check the gap for restraints(limit stop) according to the assembly drawings.
4) Check the hanger offset and angularity according to the assembly drawings.
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Technical Specification
6.3.2 Functional Product
Functional products, variable hanger/support and constant hanger/support are supplied cold-set at the shop with the blocking
devices.
In addition to the points for non functional products, following attention should be paid for making these products function
perfect during plant operation;
1) Select a piping system, i.e., to install the functional products, consider the hangers in one system as a whole.
2) Turn the turnbuckle or adjust load bolt in order to meet the design elevation of the pipe line and maintain
the tension in the hanger rod until blocking devices of all the hangers in one system can be removed
easily.
Caution :
- Check the sight hole of turnbuckle or adjust load bolt in this step.
3) If the blocking devices are not removed easily, adjust the load of constant hanger/support.
Caution :
- It is better to adjust the other adjacent constant hangers in case of excessive load adjustment.
- Load data should be reviewed by the piping analyzer when load should be adjusted.
Repeat step 2) and 3) for all the constant hangers.
4) Remove the travel stops after hydrostatic test and insulation work and place the blocking devices with
screw or wires for the future use.
Caution :
- Do not remove the blocking devices by force.
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7.0 Seonghwa Engineering System for Supports(SHES, P-SHES/E-SHES and SP-SHES)
7.1 SHES
It is very hard to select the components exactly and adequately because there are too many components and assembly configurations are various.
In order to select the standard components by using a software program, all components are grouped as below;
Using data base grouping over 3,000 sets of standard components, engineering program called as SHES(Seonghwa Engineering System)
was developed.
SHES can generate part list and assembly drawings automatically, which will be useful for design, procurement control and manufacturing control.
With SHES, the support need not be configurated manually nor drawn up at great expense in time and cost. What it otherwise takes so a
lot of time to produce can be done in minutes electronically only by input data.
Fig. 3, 4, and 5 show the preprocess(Input Data Sheet) of SHES, part list and assembly drawing generated by SHES, respectively.
For more detailed information, refer to separate SHES software and User Manual in Home Page(http://www.seonghwa.co.kr)
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Table 9 Assembly Configuration
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209 210 211 212 213 214 215
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Fig. 3 Preprocess of SHES
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7.2 P-SHES/E-SHES
For most plants, the building structures, the piping systems and equipments have been basically modeled via 3D CAD program before starting
support design. P-SHES/E-SHES will be utilized for modeling the Seonghwa’s standardized supports on PDMS/E3D with true scale(See Fig. 6)
In addition to support 3D model itself, following design work can be performed;
For more detailed information, refer to separate P-SHES/E-SHES software and User Manual in Home Page (http://www.seongh-
wa.co.kr)
Fig. 6 Model of Seonghwa’s Standardized Support on PDMS Fig. 7 Model of Secondary Steels
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Hard Clash List : Total 9 Points
-. /F6G6-1
-. BEND 2 of BRANCH /CABLE_TRAY/M3/B2
-. HELEMENT 5 of HANGER 1 of RESTRAINT /HS-001/RE
-. HELEMENT 6 of HANGER 1 of RESTRAINT /HS-001/RE
-. ileave tube of ELBOW 2 of BRANCH /150-A-3-B1
-. ileave tube of ELBOW 4 of BRANCH /100-C-13-B1
-. REDUCER 1 of BRANCH /CABLE_TRAY/M3/B2
-. SCLAMP 1 of HANGER 1 of RESTRAINT /HS-001/RE
-. SCTN 1 of FRMWORK /HS-002/S-1
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7.3 SP-SHES
Similar to P-SHES, SP-SHES is one of SEONGHWA support modeling program on S3D and can be designed by standard support type and de-
signed support type. SP-SHES is able to generate SEONGHWA standard support items(See Fig.12) and extract BOM(See Fig. 13) and 2D basic
support drawing(See Fig. 14).
For more detailed information, refer to separate SP-SHES software and User Manual in Home Page(http://www.seonghwa.co.kr)
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