(BUILDING CONSTRUCTION - MODULE 1)

AMRUTHA K
4SN16AT006
AUTOMATION • BUILDING INFORMATION MODELLING
Automation is a technology concerned with the application of BIM a digital representation of physical and functional characteristics of
mechanical, electronic and computer-based systems to a facility, covers e.g. geometry, spatial relationships, light analysis,
operate and control production geographic information, quantities and properties of building
components, for example manufacturers' details.
AUTOMATION SYSTEM
CONSTRUCTION ANALYSIS
This technology includes:
• Automated machine tools Requirements identification:
• Transfer lines • Project planning
• Automated assembly systems • Design and engineering
• Industrial robots • Building construction
• Automated material handling and storage systems • Operations and maintenance
• Automatic inspection systems for quality control • Decommissioning.
AUTOMATION IN CONSTRUCTION MODULAR BUILDING
Construction automation deals with applying the principles of Modular Construction is a pre-engineered process of making any
industrial automation to the construction sector, whether in structures or elements in a factory that is off-site and are delivered to
building construction, civil engineering (roadways, dams, the sites and assembled as large volumetric components or as
bridges, etc.), or in prefabrication of construction components. substantial elements of any structures.
OBJECTIVES UNDERWATER CONSTRUCTION
• Automated personnel and equipment tracking. During the construction of bridges, dams or any other structure where
the foundation part of the structure is most likely to lie underwater, we
• Automated materials handling—trucks, loaders, conveyors, have to opt for underwater construction.
sizers.
Activities include:
• Smart drills—automated drilling of holes and recognition of
material characteristics. • Power generation
• Accurate and automated movement and positioning of all • Bridges
construction equipment.
• Water utilities
• Automated mechanical construction systems. Remote
supervision from distant locations. • Ship husbandry
• Intelligent and integrated control over all construction • Industrial
processes to optimize resource value.
• Power and gas transmission
UNDERWATER CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES UNDERGROUND CONSTRUCTION
Almost any construction technique that can be used above USES : Tunnels are used for highway traffic, railroads, and subways ; to
water can also be used u nderwater. transport water, sewage, oil, and gas; to divert rivers around dam sites
Wet construction: A diver evaluate the overall cost of the work while the dam is being built; and for military and civil-defense purposes
considering time, equipment needs, the capability of a diver to Methods of Tunnel Construction
accomplish the specific task, A more gross than fine nature
• Cut and cover method
Dry construction • Bored tunnel method
Caisson:Large hollow structure that sunk down through the • Clay kicking method
earth.Used in construction of bridge piers, building columns, • Shaft method
dams, repair of ships.Keeps working environment dry. • Pipe jacking method
• Economic • Box jacking method
Types of Caisson • Underwater tunnels
• Slight less noise and reduced vibrations • Open Caisson
• Easily adaptable to varying site conditions • Box Caisson KINETIC STRUCTURES
• High axial and lateral loading capacity • Suction Caisson
A kinetic structure can be design to control sunlight and rain water in
Cofferdams:Allows enclosed space to be pumped out, creating an open public space at the same time it reconfigures itself to provide
dry environment.Enclosed coffers are commonly used for a duality of open and closed space.
construction and repair of oil platforms , bridge piers and other
support structures built within or over water. • Public squares
 Gardens
• Provides safe environment to work  Arenas
• Contractors have design responsibilty  Stations
• Steel sheet piles are easily installed and removed  Cultural centers
• Materials typically reused on other projects  Galleries
Placing concrete under water FORMWORK FOR HIGH RISE BUILDINGS
The satisfactory method of placing concrete underwater is by Hydraulically operated travelling self-climing forms
the use of tremie pipe.
• A tremie is a water tight pipe Used in the construction of external walls of buildings, which height
• Generally 250 mm in diameter exceeds 30 storeys.
• Funnel shaped hopper at its Conventional Formwork:
upper end and a loose plug at the
This is the oldest type of formwork used for small houseswith two to
bottom three stories . This type uses timber, bamboo, masonry and carpentry
in the construction.
Modern Conventional type of Formwork:
Modern conventional type formwork is as much the same as
the traditional slab formwork method and the only difference
is that steel props and various types of jacks (U jacks, T jacks)
are used as supports in the formwork instead of timber
supports
Steel Formwork
Aluminium Formwork
Modular Formwork
Mivan Aluminium Formwork
MIVAN technology is mostly suitable for constructing large
number of houses in a short span of time using room size
forms to construct walls and slabs in one continuous pour on
concrete.
Enclosure systems
• The enclosure systems for high-rise buildings are usually
curtain walls similar to those of low- rise buildings. The
higher wind pressures and the effects of vortex shedding,
however, require thicker glazing and more attention to
sealants.
• The larger extent of enclosed surfaces also requires
consideration of thermal movements, and wind- and
seismic-induced movements must be accommodated.
Enclosure Tectonics
Building enclosures may be simply classified by examining the
tectonics related to their structure, cladding and interior
finishes.
Enclosures consist of:
1. Natural formations, which are human adaptations rather
than creations
2. Stacked units
3. Frames
4. Shells and plates
5. Air-supported fabrics.
Claddings and interior finishes involve:
1) wet coatings
2) discrete units or panels
3) fabrics, films, sheets, rolls
4) the incidental outcome of monolithic
construction
Principles Of Enclosure Design
• Strength and rigidity
• Control of heat flow
• Control of air flow
• Control of water vapor flow
STORAGE AND DRYING:Traditional masonry buildings relied on the
storage and drying strategy for the management of moisture on a
seasonal basis. The monolithic masonry façade was not only part of a
load-bearing system, but also a hygric buffer with a capacity to store
large quantities of water during wet periods, which are then released
during dry periods.
PERFECT BARRIER
Modern building science experience has demonstrated that perfect
barrier or "face seal" strategies for building enclosures do not have a
high likelihood of acceptable performance, except for highly arid
climate zones.
DYNAMIC BUFFER ZONE
The dynamic buffer zone is a strategy employed in the preservation
of historic buildings where the exterior facade cannot be altered, but
typically cooling is being provided through a modernized HVAC system.
PRESSURE MODERATED DRAINSCREENS
This term refers to a family of enclosure typologies that deploy a
cladding that has a vertical airspace behind it that is drained to the
exterior.
Light weight Materials : Plastic:There are two main groups of Plastics: 1.
THERMOPLASTICS 2. THERMOSETTING PLASTICS
• Disadvantage of plastics materials is their tendency to soften at
elevated temperatures.
• Cold can cause some plastics to become brittle and fracture under
pressure.
THANK YOU !