Demodulation of AM signal

Types of AM demodulator
• Demodulation- Process of recovering the original message signal
from the modulated signal
AM
Demodulators

Square law Envelope

detector detector
 Square law detector

• Square law detector is obtained using square law modulator

 Square law detector
• The input-output relation for a nonlinear device is given as
V2 (t )  aV1 (t )  bV1 (t )      (1)
2
 Square law detector
• The input-output relation for a nonlinear device is given as
V2 (t )  aV1 (t )  bV1 (t )      (1)
2

• When a nonlinear device is used for AM demodulation, the input

signal is given as
V1 (t )  aVc cos c t  2bVmVc cos mt cos c t      (2)
 Square law detector
• The input-output relation for a nonlinear device is given as
V2 (t )  aV1 (t )  bV1 (t )      (1)
2

• When a nonlinear device is used for AM demodulation, the input

signal is given as
V1 (t )  aVc cos c t  2bVmVc cos mt cos c t      (2)
2b
V1 (t )  aVc cos c t[1  m(t )]      (3)
a
2b
Amplitude Sensitivity k
a
V1 (t )  Vc cos c t[1  km(t )]      (4)
 Square law detector
• Sub Eq.(4) in Eq.(1),
V2 (t )  aVc cos c t[1  km(t )]  b{Vc cos c t[1  km(t )]}2      (5)
 Square law detector
• Sub Eq.(4) in Eq.(1),
V2 (t )  aVc cos c t[1  km(t )]  b{Vc cos c t[1  km(t )]}2      (5)

V2 (t )  aVc cos c t[1  km(t )]  bV 2 c cos 2 c t[1  k 2 m 2 (t )  2km(t )]      (6)

 Square law detector
• Sub Eq.(4) in Eq.(1),
V2 (t )  aVc cos c t[1  km(t )]  b{Vc cos c t[1  km(t )]}2      (5)

V2 (t )  aVc cos c t[1  km(t )]  bV 2 c cos 2 c t[1  k 2 m 2 (t )  2km(t )]      (6)

V2 (t )  aVc cos c t[1  km(t )] 

1
bV 2
c [1  cos 2c t ][1  k 2 m 2 (t )  2km(t )]      (7)
2
 Square law detector
• Sub Eq.(4) in Eq.(1),
V2 (t )  aVc cos c t[1  km(t )]  b{Vc cos c t[1  km(t )]}2      (5)

V2 (t )  aVc cos c t[1  km(t )]  bV 2 c cos 2 c t[1  k 2 m 2 (t )  2km(t )]      (6)

V2 (t )  aVc cos c t[1  km(t )] 
1
bV c [1  cos 2c t ][1  k 2 m 2 (t )  2km(t )]      (7)
2

2
bVc2 bVc2
V2 (t )  aVc cos c t  aVc km(t ) cos c t   cos 2c t
2 2
bVc2 k 2 m 2 (t ) bVc2 k 2 m 2 (t )
  cos 2c t  bVc2 km(t )
2 2
 bVc2 km(t ) cos 2c t      (8)
 Square law detector
• From Eq.(8), the desired term is identified as
V2 (t )  bV 2 c km(t )      (9)

• The equation (9) can be extracted by using LPF

 Square law detector
• From Eq.(8), the desired term is identified as
V2 (t )  bV 2 c km(t )      (9)

• The equation (9) can be extracted by using LPF

1 2 2 2
• The term bV c k m (t ) rise to plurality of the similar frequency
components. 2
 Square law detector
• The ratio of wanted signal to distortion is given as
bVc2 km(t )

1 2 2 2
bV c k m (t )
2
2
      (10)
km(t )

• |km(t)| - Modulation index

• If M.I is lower, SNR is good
• If M.I is higher, SNR is poor
 Envelope detector

• Suitable for narrow band AM wave (fc>>fm and m<1)

• Output signal follows the envelope of input signal exactly
• Used in commercial AM radio receivers
 Working of envelope detector
• The envelope detector consists of diode and RC filter
• Positive half cycle – Diode is forward biased – Capacitor charges
rapidly
• Negative half cycle – Diode is reverse biased – Capacitor
discharges slowly
 Working of envelope detector
• Diode is ideal – Zero impedance in F.B mode and infinite
impedance in R.B mode
1
Rs c     (1)
fc
1 1
 Rl c     (2)
fc fm