Fallacy of Improper Accent

 This fallacy consists in misleading people by placing improper emphasis on

a word, phrase or particular aspect of an issue or claim.
 The fallacy of improper accent is found not only in advertisements and headlines
but also in other very common human discourses.
 Fallacy also includes the distortion produced by pulling a quoted passage out of
context, putting it in another context, and then drawing a conclusion that is not
drawn in the original context.

Common Example:
: *Reading a Newspaper Headline* Duterte to declare Martial Law
: Pre, magdedeclare na daw ng Martial Law!
: Nako, lumalala na talaga ang sitwasyon ng Pilipinas.

Legal Example:
: *Accused being examined*
When he was asked if he pleads guilty of the crime of killing another.
: I killed him? I killed him?
: *record of the court* I killed him! I killed him!

Fallacy of Vicious Abstraction

 This fallacy consists in misleading people by using vague or abstract terms.
 This fallacy occurs when vague words are misused.
 Vague words are misused when these words are very significant in the premises
used to establish a conclusion.

Common Example:
: *Confessing Scene*
: I don’t exactly know the convo pa basta yung babae is talking about the guy not
passing “standards” pero what exactly ‘standard’ with women.
Legal Example:
: Your honors, person is liable for not following ‘community standards’
: Your honors, I disagree with the contention of the other party. What exactly is
‘community standard’ it was not given a definite description.
:

Fallacy of Composition
 This fallacy consists in wrongly inferring that what holds true of the
individuals automatically holds true of the group made up of those
individuals.
 This also involves taking attributes of part of an object or class and applying
them to the entire object or class.

Common Example:
:Bagsak daw score nung pinakamatalino natin.
:Shet! Sigurado bagsak na din tayo.
Legal Example:
: *During trial* *Cross-examination*
: Counsel: You are involved or a member of a fraternity correct?
: Respondent: Yes sir.
: Counsel: So, we can safely say that all members of your fraternity are probably all
involved in this, correct? For all we know, you might be in conspiracy with them,