OHM’S LAW

ARCH’T. RICKY RANCE MOJICA, uap.

OHM’S LAW
defines the relationship betweeen voltage/EMF (V), current (I) and
resistance (R).
• German physicist who experimentally
determined that if the voltage across
a resistor is increased, the current
through the resistor will increase.
• Ideas were published in 1827, but
they were rejected by his peers. He
lived in poverty for several years
before taking a teaching position.

• Called the Mozart of electricity. GEORG SIMON OHM

(1787-1854 )
 Ohm established in the late 1820’s
that if a voltage was applied to a
resistance then “current would flow
and then power would be
consumed”.

Voltage
measured in volts, symbolized
by the letters "E" or "V".
Current
measured in amps, symbolized by the letter "I".
Resistance
measured in ohms, symbolized by the letter "R".
Voltage (V) or (E)
a force that pushes the
current through the circuit
(in this picture it would be
equivalent to gravity).
Resistance (R)
friction that impedes
flow of current through
the circuit (it can be the
rocks in the river).
Current (l)
the actual “substance” that is
flowing through the wires of
the circuit (electrons!)
If you know E and I, and wish to determine R, just eliminate
R from the picture and see what's left:
If you know E and R, and wish to determine I, eliminate I
and see what's left:
If you know I and R, and wish to determine E, eliminate E
and see what's left:
 Let's see how these equations might work to help us
analyze simple circuits:

If we know the values of any two of the three

quantities (voltage, current, and resistance)
in this circuit, we can use Ohm's Law to
determine the third.
Calculate the amount of Current (I) in a circuit, given the
values of voltage (E) and resistance (R):
Calculate the amount of resistance (R) in a circuit, given
values of voltage (E) and current (I):
Calculate the amount of voltage (E) supplied by a battery, given
values of current (I) and resistance (R):
 Ohm’s Law power consumption
through a resistance

Some practical every day examples of this basic rule are:

base board heaters, electric frying pans, toasters
and electric light bulbs. The heater consumes power
producing heat for warmth, the frying pan consumes
power producing heat for general cooking, the toaster
consumes power producing heat for cooking toast,
and the electric light bulb consumes power producing heat
and more important light. A further example is
an electric hot water system. All are examples of Ohm’s Law.
The force
or pressure
behind
electricity
Voltage (Volts)
- pressure of a force;
- unit of electrical pressure or
potential.
Pressure makes electricity flow
through a wire. For a particular
electric load, the higher the voltage,
the greater will be the amount of
electricity that will flow. VOLTMETER

- Measured by Voltmeter.

Electromotive Force (EMF)- a force which causes

movement of electricity in a conductor.
Amperes (Amps)
- inherent in wires (conductor);
The term for flow of electricity is current (l)
- unit used to measure the magnitude of an
electric current.

- the specific quantity of electrons passing a

point in one second.
Amperes (Amps)
The amount of current in
amperes, that will flow through
a circuit must be known in order
to determine the proper wire
sizes an the current rating of
circuit breakers and fuses.

- Measured by Ammeter.
AMMETER

Ampacity – current-carrying capacity (without

undue heating).
Ohms
- friction;
- Inherent in insulator;
Electricity flowing through a
material always meets with some
resistance. Insulators like wood,
glass and plastic have a high
resistance while Copper,
aluminum, and silver have a low
resistance and therefore good
OHMMETER
conductors of electricity.
- Measured by Ohmmeter.
OTHER
ELECTRICAL
TERMINOLOGIES
DEVICE
- does not consume electricity.

WATTS
- rate power; power consumption;

The amount of power required to light lamps, heat water,

turn motors, and do all types of works is measured by
watts.

Wattage depends on both potential and current.

Current (in amperes) multiplied by Potential (in volts)
equals to Power (in watts).

Amperes x Volts = Watts (ampere + heat volts)

Watt meter – any one time

Watt-Hour meter – periodic; KWH
Meter/Electricity Meter
The actual energy used (utilized) for work performed is
the basis for figuring the cost of electricity.
Kilowatt-Hour
- the unit used to measure the consumption of
electrical energy.
Kilowatt = 1000 watts
An Hour = unit of time

Kilowatt-Hour Meter - the device

used to measure the kilowatt-hours
consumed.

KILOWATT-HOUR METER
 ALTERNATOR – AC generator
- producing alternating current (AC)
In electrical power generation and use alternating current
is the preferred and natural form of electricity.
Power as AC can be transformed
to a high voltage which enables
low transmission from power
stations to towns and industry
where it is transformed down to
homes, offices and factories.

- produces “Alternating Current” (AC) ALTERNATOR

at 50 Cycles per second (Hertz).
GENERATOR
- converts mechanical energy to electrical energy

PORTABLE GENERATOR GENSET/ GENERATOR ROOM

MOTOR
- converts electrical energy to mechanical energy

ELECTRIC MOTOR
BATTERY
- electrochemical; electrolysis
An electrochemical cell is a
device capable of either
generating electrical energy
from chemical reactions or
facilitating chemical reactions
through the introduction of
electrical energy.

Electrolysis refers to the

decomposition of a substance
by an electric current.
 Two Types of Batteries:
1. Primary – non-renewable
2. Secondary - rechargeable

Components
of a Battery
THE END