GD & T for BIW

Objective-

1) Importance of GD and T in product design.

2) GD and T international standards.

3) Functions of GD and T in BTW.

4) BTW dimensional requirement.

5) GD and T symbols.

6) 3-2-1 principle.

7) Feature control frame.

8) BTW GD and T Example.

GD & T introduction and importance in product design

GD & T is an international drawing language that communicates parts functional

requirements Defines common datum systems, controls tooling and assembly
interfaces and complies with a uniform international std. when applied properly
gives a noticeable cost benefits.

Importance of GD & T

1) The proper application of GD & T to product will get quality output.

2) It will reduce the cost.

3) It will improve the fit and finish of the product.

4) The product will be able to achieve its functional requirement.

GD & T International standards

1) British standards (BS 8888)

2) ASME.
3) ISO (International Organization of standardization)

What GD & T on drawing explains

1) How to locate the part on fixture for assemble.

2) Tolerances on respective features of part.

3) What should be the manufacturing process.

4) Identifying the critical areas where tolerance is higher and where it is relaxed.

5) How to locate the part for inspection.

6) what should be the method of inspection.

BTW Dimensional Requirements- Driven by the following aspects:-

1) The gap of flushness target values between two components from perceived
quality.

2) The manufacturing constraint to achieve those target values.

3) The costing.

4) The assembly sequence.

5) The other COC requirements.

6) The severity index of component we got from DFMEA.

7) Supplier requirement and its constraints.

8) Market competitor vehicle.

9) Part material.

BIW Dimensional Application:-

 Identify the „A‟ Datum feature on part
Identify the „B‟ Datum feature on the part
Identify the „c‟ Datum feature on the part
Make sure all primary datum restricted „6‟ DOF of parts (3-2-1
principle)
Identify other feature and apply the geometrical and dimensional
tolerance for it
(other component mounting )
Identify the feature which are critical from DFMEA documents (from
safety point of view e.g. seat belt fixing on „B‟ pillar)
Identify other requirement and apply require tolerance to them e.g.
trim edge, clearance, holes.
Apply general tolerance defined for part e.g. surface tolerance, trim
edge tolerance.
3-2-1 Principle (Restricting 6 DOF)

In everyday life we go through GD & T application it can be explained by

following way.

Consider A4 size paper & we want to attached it to our folder.

When we punch two holes in paper by using punching machine following GD & T
considering is taken

into account

1) The punched hole size.

2) The distance between two holes.

3) The location of holes need to be symmetrical on mid-point.

4) The whole distance from edge of paper.

5) The resting surface of paper act as „A‟ datum restricting the 3 DOF (trans.Z &
rota X,Y )

6) Hole 1 act as „B‟ restricting 2 DOF (trans. X & Y)

7) Hole 2 act as „C‟ datum restricting the 1 DOF (rot, Z)

Locator-

1) Surface Locators=Can be stationary and Retractable.

2) Pin Locators=Can be stationary and Retractable.

3) Edge Locators= They are rough Locators.

Principle of location-

3 stands V= minimum 3 locator blocks to establish part plane.

2 stands V=1) Round hole that defines location in 4 direction (4 way)
perpendicular to the plane previously established .

1 stands V=1) Round locating pin in a slot that defines two of the direction of the
other pin (2 way)
The part is located on its primary datum

1) Secondary locators push the parts to the second plane

2) The tertiary locators push the part to tertiary plane.
3) The clamps close in the primary plane.
4) The part is now located in all 3 planes while maintaining “no stress” in the
panel.

Feature Control Frame-

A feature control frame or tolerance frame is a collection of symbols text and

numbers that provides all the information relating to the feature(s) to which it is
assigned to.