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Cellular Respiration Virtual Lab Notes
Cellular Respiration Virtual Lab Notes
Cellular Respiration Virtual Lab Notes
Jason Bao
Cellular Respiration Virtual Lab
Control Data
Pyruvate 0.12 mM
NADH 0.30 mM
Intermembrane H+ 0.32 mM
Jared’s Cell Data
Review:
Final Hypothesis – Cyanide was used to poison to Jared’s cells.
Antidote – antidote changes cyanide to molecule called thiocyanate, which the body can remove
through urine.
Case Summary:
Background
Explain how cyanide caused Jared’s symptoms (e.g., muscle weakness).
The cyanide attaches itself to the last enzyme of the ETC, which halts the processes of the chain.
As such, the ETC is unable to pump the hydrogen ions across the inner mitochondrial membrane
and create a proton gradient as evidenced in the low H+ concentration in the intermembrane.
Because of this, very little if any ATP is produced when the protons flow back across the
membrane through ATP synthase, which would contribute to Jared’s symptoms of muscle
weakness, shortness of breath, and dizziness.
Data
Explain how the data from your experiments showed that cyanide was used to poison Jared, and
that 2-deoxyglucose, arsenic and oligomycin were not used.
The data showed that cyanide poisoned Jared rather than the other 3 poisons as the relative changes
in pyruvate, NADH, and intermembrane H+ concentrations in Jared’s muscle cells in comparison
to the control (healthy) muscle cells of no change, increase, and decrease (respectively) only
matched the changes seen in the cyanide trial. Specifically, 2-deoxyglucose created a decreased in
pyruvate concentration, arsenic caused pyruvate concentration to increase and NADH
concentration to decrease, and oligomycin created an H+ increase as seen in the data from the
experiment step of the experiment. As such, only cyanide’s results paralleled the observations seen
in Jared’s muscle cells so the scientist could determine that cyanide was used to poison Jared.
Poisons
For each molecule of glucose, glycolysis only makes 2 ATP, the Krebs cycle only makes 2 ATP
and the ETC makes 34 ATP. If the suspects had given Jared the 2-deoxyglucose poison, would the
decrease in ATP concentration be smaller, the same or larger as when they used cyanide? Explain
your answer.
The decrease in ATP concentration would be larger than if they used cyanide as with cyanide, only
the final step of ATP production would be hampered in that the ETC is produce the 34 ATP from
the proton movement through the ATP synthase. However, since 2-deoxyglucose attaches to the
first enzyme of glycolysis, it halts the process and prevents the production of the 2 pyruvate
molecules, which creates a loss of the 2 ATP released from glycolysis and Krebs cycle in addition
to the 34 ATP of the ECT as without pyruvate and thus the NADH and FADH2 of the Krebs cycle,
the ECT cannot perform its function. In fact, since ATP must be inputted into glycolysis for the
first enzyme to operate, there would be a net loss of 34 + 2 + 2 + 1 = 39 ATP with 2-deoxyglucose
poison versus the 34 ATP of cyanide so the decrease in ATP concentration would be much larger.
Conclusions
Describe how the antidote helped Jared's cells make ATP (include the ETC and H+ gradient in
your answer).
The antidote helped Jared’s cells make ATP again as the antidote changed cyanide into thiocyanate
which the body can remove through urine. With the removal of cyanide from the ETC, the ETC
can pump a sufficient number of protons across the H+ gradient which can later flow back through
ATP synthase to create ATP once again.