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ADVANCED FARMING SYSTEMS

AGRICULTURAL EQUIPMENT SERVICE TRAINING

88 SERIES MID RANGE


®
AXIAL-FLOW COMBINE

S ECTION 81 A DVANCED F ARMING S YSTEMS


Rev. December 21, 2010

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ADVANCED FARMING SYSTEMS

Table of Contents

INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................................... 3

OBJECTIVES ........................................................................................................................................................... 4

COMPONENT IDENTIFICATION – YIELD MONITOR AND AUTOGUIDANCE .......................................... 5

SYSTEM COMPONENTS – YIELD MONITOR .................................................................................................. 6


Grain Flow Sensor ................................................................................................................................. 6
Grain Flow Sensor ................................................................................................................................. 7
Moisture and Temperature Sensor ........................................................................................................ 8
Moisture and Temperature Bypass Unit .............................................................................................. 10
Clean Grain Elevator RPM Sensor ...................................................................................................... 14
Ground Speed Sensor ......................................................................................................................... 15
Feeder Position Sensor ....................................................................................................................... 17

SYSTEM COMPONENTS - AUTOGUIDANCE ................................................................................................ 18


NavII Controller .................................................................................................................................... 18
Autoguidance Valve ............................................................................................................................. 20
Steering Sensor ................................................................................................................................... 21
Manual Override Sensor ...................................................................................................................... 22
Autoguidance Enable Switch ............................................................................................................... 24

SYSTEM COMPONENTS - SHARED ................................................................................................................ 25


Combine XCM (CXCM) ........................................................................................................................ 25
AFS Pro 600 Color Display .................................................................................................................. 28
Data Card ............................................................................................................................................. 30
CAN Bus............................................................................................................................................... 35
CAN Terminators ................................................................................................................................. 38
Electronic Service Tool (EST) Diagnostic Connector .......................................................................... 41
GPS (Global Positioning System) Receivers ....................................................................................... 42
Connecting non-factory GPS Receivers .............................................................................................. 44
AFS Desktop Software ......................................................................................................................... 46

AFS HARVESTING COMPATIBILITY CHART ................................................................................................ 49

ELECTRICAL SYSTEM LAYOUT (ADVANCED FARMING SYSTEMS COMPONENTS ONLY!) ......... 50

88 SERIES COMBINE AFS DATA FLOW ........................................................................................................ 51

SYSTEM OPERATIONS – YIELD MONITOR .................................................................................................. 52


The Status and Warning Indicators...................................................................................................... 53
Is the system RECORDING data? ....................................................................................................... 54
Do the Values seem realistic? ............................................................................................................. 55
Yield Equations .................................................................................................................................... 56
Are the Sensors working? .................................................................................................................... 57
Is GPS Working?.................................................................................................................................. 63
Setup and Calibration........................................................................................................................... 66

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ADVANCED FARMING SYSTEMS

Introduction

The Case IH Advanced Farming Systems (AFS) yield and moisture monitoring system on an
88 Series combine shares many of the features found on previous midrange (2100, 2300,
2500) AFS combines. However, there are significant differences as well. The following pages
will provide an overview of the entire 88 Series AFS system, including component identification
and discussion, an explanation of how the components work together to provide data to the
operator, and information on setup, calibration, operation, and diagnostics/troubleshooting.

The Case IH AFS AccuGuide autoguidance system is available as a factory-installed option or


Dealer Installed Accessory kit. This system allows the combine to be steered automatically
based on the current position of the combine relative to a pre-recorded path. The
fundamentals of the 88 Series AFS AccuGuide system, including components, setup, and
operation, are very similar to the fundamentals of AccuGuide systems on other vehicles. The
following pages will provide an overview of the entire 88 Series AFS AccuGuide system,
including component identification and discussion, an explanation of how the components
work together to guide the combine, and information on setup, calibration, operation, and
diagnostics/troubleshooting.

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Objectives

After completion of this section of the training manual, the learner will be able to
accomplish the following:

1. Correctly identify system components, options and locations.


2. Explain what each component contributes to the overall system.
3. Explain, in general terms, how each sensor works and any adjustments or
maintenance needed to maintain system performance.
4. Describe the general electrical layout and how information is exchanged.
5. Explain how the system calculates yield.
6. Explain how the autoguidance system functions.
7. Describe the desktop software requirements needed to transfer data and create
reports or maps (if equipped with GPS).
8. Demonstrate familiarity with the TOOLBOX and RUN screens so that setup
functions can be performed and general system operations can be confirmed.

The display operator’s manuals, combine operator’s manual, and service manuals will
be valuable resources for additional information.

Keep an eye out for these symbols, which will alert you to special information.

Wait a Minute… This symbol will preface a frequently asked question.

REMEMBER: This symbol will preface tips to remember.

IMPORTANT! This symbol will preface information that you should definitely
not ignore.

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Component Identification – Yield Monitor and Autoguidance

5
16 6 7 8 9

10

11

12

15 14 13

1 GPS Receiver 2 AFS Pro 600 Display 3 Manual Override


4 CXCM 5 Feeder Potentiometer 6 LH Bulkhead Connectors
7 Autoguidance Valve* 8 Elevator Speed Sensor 9 Passive Terminators
10 NavII Controller* 11 EST Diag. Connector 12 RH Bulkhead Connectors
13 Ground Speed Sensor 14 Moisture/Temp Sensor 15 Steering sensor*
16 Flow sensor (YSM) * o n l y o n c o mb i n e s e q u i p p e d w i t h A F S A c c u G u i d e a u t o g u i d a n c e

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System Components – Yield Monitor

Grain Flow Sensor

Flow Sensor

The grain flow sensor, also called the “Yield Sensor Module” or “YSM”, is located at the top of
the clean grain elevator. It is an impact type flow rate sensor that uses an internal strain
gauge to measure the force of the grain against a plate. A voltage signal is sent directly to the
cab display via the primary vehicle CAN bus. The voltage signal is directly proportional to the
force against the impact plate. The higher the force, the more pounds of grain that are being
delivered to the grain tank and the higher the voltage sent to the display.

While harvesting, the flow sensor MUST be calibrated for each crop type to synchronize it to
the display. Calibration teaches the display that X Volts equals Y lbs. of grain in the tank. If
calibration is done properly, the grain flow sensor is extremely accurate. Errors of less than
1% are easily achieved.

The grain flow sensor’s impact plate is a wear item. It should be inspected often and can be
replaced when needed. The impact plate is designed to provide extended wear in abrasive
crops. If the flow sensor or impact plate is replaced after the system has been calibrated, the
calibrations will have to be rechecked to ensure system accuracy.

Wait a Minute… What about the Yield Monitor Interface Unit (YMIU)? The
YMIU is no longer used, beginning with MY2008 AF 7010/8010 combines and MY2009 88
Series Axial-Flow Combines. The flow sensor now produces its own CAN signal, which is sent
directly to the cab display via the primary vehicle CAN bus.

Wait a Minute… What about the deflector plate, paddle tip clearance and
chain adjustments that are so important on the 2x00 Series combines? The 88 Series
elevator has the deflector plate built in, and the flow sensor is attached to the elevator head.
Therefore, as the chain is adjusted, the position of the sensor relative to the paddles doesn’t
change.

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System Components – Yield Monitor

Grain Flow Sensor

The new flow sensor has a status LED that provides information as to the condition of the
sensor.

CAN-based Flow Sensor


LED State Condition Represented

Off No power
Flashing 1 Hz Green Normal operation
Flashing 1 Hz Yellow CAN bus errors detected (error active/passive state)
Solid Yellow CAN bus off
Solid Red Hardware or Initialization Failure
Flashing 1 Hz Red Firmware Download in Process
Flashing Fast Red Firmware Download Error
Not Shown Above Unspecified failure

IMPORTANT! The grain flow sensor must be calibrated for each crop type!

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System Components – Yield Monitor

Moisture and Temperature Sensor

The crop’s moisture and temperature levels have a direct impact on accurate yield readings.
To provide accurate yield per acre, the moisture and temperature signals are processed by the
CXCM and sent to the display unit, where it is used to correct the incoming flow sensor data.

¾ The moisture and temperature sensors are in a common housing mounted to the
bypass unit on the clean grain elevator. The bypass unit is mounted on the outside of
the clean grain elevator. (see next page)
¾ The moisture sensor is a capacitance type sensor, which monitors the crop moisture
levels during harvest. The sensor fin sends out a low voltage and the housing of the
sensor is grounded to the clean grain elevator. The grain flowing over the fin is the
electrical conductor between the fin and the elevator. Higher crop moisture levels
provide a better conductor, resulting in more electrical current flowing between the fin
and the grounded sensor housing ground. A signal voltage based on the crop moisture
is sent to the CXCM. To get accurate dry bushels per acre, the wet bushels value
must be corrected for the amount of moisture it contains above marketable moisture
levels.
¾ The temperature sensor (the bronze dot at the base of the moisture sensor fin)
measures the crop temperature during harvest. The temperature sensor is a current-
based sensor. Higher temperatures result in higher current levels transmitted to the
CXCM. Generally speaking, an 11°C (20°F) change in temperature will produce a 1%
change in moisture. This change is inversely proportional. (As temperature increases,
moisture decreases.)
¾ The moisture sensor is easily removed from the housing using 2 wing nuts. This
allows for inspection, cleaning and testing if needed.

IMPORTANT! The moisture sensor must be calibrated for each crop type!

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Wait a Minute… What about temperature calibration? Some early versions of


AFS display firmware required that the temperature sensor be calibrated independently from
the moisture sensor. This is no longer true. The overall accuracy of the system was not
improved by calibrating temperature, so display firmware v4.* and higher (including all color
display software) does not feature a temperature calibration procedure. When moisture is
calibrated accurately, temperature fluctuations will be accommodated automatically.

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System Components – Yield Monitor

Moisture and Temperature Bypass Unit

Moisture Sensor Bypass Assembly

The moisture/temperature sensor is mounted in an external by-pass housing on the clean


grain elevator. It is mounted on the outside (not the combine side) of the clean grain elevator.
The bypass unit is readily accessible without removing any shielding. Additional access to the
bypass unit is gained by opening the right side panel.
The moisture/temperature sensor is exposed to approximately 1 percent of the total grain flow,
and this sampled grain is gravity fed into the bypass - not forced. This typically results in very
little dirt and sap buildup on the sensor.
The bypass unit incorporates an auger driven by an electric motor, a relay that controls the
motor and a capacitive proximity sensor that monitors the amount of grain in the housing.

(shown with cover removed)


4
3 1. Auger Motor
5 2. Auger Motor Fuse (5A)

6
3. Bypass Splice Module
4. Motor Control Relay
7 2 5. Proximity Switch
6. Grain Chamber
1
7. Auger Chamber

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System Components – Yield Monitor

Moisture and Temperature Bypass Unit

Bypass motor is protected from overload


by a 5A inline fuse located at the bypass
unit. This fuse is not shown on the
combine electrical schematic.

Outside of the clean grain elevator without


the bypass unit installed. (Non-AFS units
have a cover plate.)

Bypass is mounted to side of elevator


using 4 threaded studs and nuts, as
shown above.

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Auger is removed for clean out by quick


release pins and plastic retaining block

Note the rust on the auger shaft. Pre-


season inspections should include
polishing this shaft with emery cloth to
prevent fuse overloads or motor failures.

System Components – Yield Monitor

Moisture and Temperature Bypass Unit


How it works
1. When the operator engages the separator switch, the A Post 2 broadcasts a
SEPARATOR ENGAGED message over the CAN bus. The CXCM picks up this
message and provides power to the bypass proximity sensor.
2. There is a hole cut in the grain side of the clean grain elevator. As grain is being
transported to the grain tank some (approx. 1% of the harvested grain) will spill through
the hole into the moisture sensor's grain chamber, passing by the moisture sensor. As
the chamber fills with grain, it must be emptied.
3. A capacitive proximity sensor in the side of the grain chamber senses when the chamber
is filled. This sensor is wired directly to the CXCM. When the CXCM receives a “bypass
full” signal (0 volts) from the proximity sensor, the CXCM activates the bypass motor
control relay. If the proximity switch is adjusted properly, the grain flowing past the
proximity sensor will not activate it; there must be a solid column of grain in the grain
chamber for approximately 2 seconds to activate the sensor.
4. When the CXCM activates the motor relay, the relay closes to allow 12VDC to flow from
the Cab Power Relay, through Fuse 6 (15 Amp), through the inline bypass fuse (5 Amp),
to the auger motor. The bypass auger transports the grain from the grain chamber to a
hole that is cut in the return side of the clean grain elevator. The auger runs until the
proximity sensor is cleared. The CXCM will deactivate the motor control relay when the
proximity sensor no longer indicates that the grain chamber is full.
5. The auger run time is proportional to the volume of material going up the clean grain
elevator. In soybeans and wheat the auger may run 4-6 times per minute. In high
volume crops like corn, the auger may run continuously.
6. When the separator is disengaged, the A Post 2 broadcasts a SEPARATOR
DISENGAGED message on the CAN bus. The CXCM picks up this message and
powers the motor control relay for 35 seconds. This allows the auger to clean out the
bypass unit. This will minimize issues related to rust, corrosion, frozen grain in the auger
chamber, etc. This happens every time the separator is switched from ON to OFF.

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Wait a Minute… In abrasive, hard moving crops like rice, an auger sleeve
insert was available for 2300 Series units to help prevent excessive wear on the auger
and the premature failure of the auger drive motor. Do the bypass units on 88 Series
combines need an insert? No insert is needed. The design of the 88 Series bypass unit
features a curved auger housing as an integral part of the component. This is also true of the
AF 7010/8010 bypass unit.

IMPORTANT! In 2300 and 2500 Series combines, a bypass control module is


used to activate the bypass relay and allow the bypass motor to run when the
separator is switched from ON to OFF. In 88 Series combines, the CXCM performs
this function. 88 Series combines are not equipped with a bypass control module.
Instead, they are equipped with a bypass splice module that is nearly identical in
appearance, but very different in function. This is also true of the AF 7010/8010
bypass system.

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System Components – Yield Monitor

Clean Grain Elevator RPM Sensor

The clean grain elevator RPM sensor (SEN-213) monitors the elevator speed. This sensor is
actually a switch mounted to the left end of the clean grain auger that closes once for each
revolution of the clean grain auger. The speed signal (pulse) is sent directly to the A Post 2
(Connector 34, Pin 17), which counts the number of times the switch closes in one minute
(Revolutions Per Minute (RPM)). The A Post 2 broadcasts this information to the other
controllers on the combine via the primary vehicle CAN bus. The AFS Pro 600 display sees
the information on the CAN bus and uses it to determine that the separator is running and to
establish the current grain flow rate used to adjust the incoming measurements from the flow
sensor. Yield monitor data is only recorded if the sensed clean grain elevator shaft speed is
between 250 RPM and 599 RPM.

Wait a Minute… This looks just like the sensor on a 2500 series combine. Is
it any different? No, this is the same clean grain elevator shaft speed sensor used on 2300
and 2500 series combines. The part number is 87389529.

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System Components – Yield Monitor

Ground Speed Sensor

The ground speed sensor (SEN-209) is mounted in the top of the ground drive transmission.
Although the AFS Pro 600 display refers to this sensor as the “Wheel” speed sensor, this
sensor actually monitors the transmission speed, not the wheel speed. This provides a
theoretical ground speed. The mathematical formula for Area is: Area = Length X Width
(A=LW). Ground speed (distance traveled (in feet or meters)) is used to determine the Length
(L) component. The operator uses the cab display to set a Header Width and Work Width.
The system uses the Work Width as the Width component. So, for AFS purposes, Area =
Distance X Work Width. The number of acres covered is used to provide accurate crop yields
in bushels per acre (Bu/Ac) or tonnes per hectare (Tonnes/Ha). The accuracy of the signal
depends on the tire inflation pressure, combine weight and weight distribution, field conditions
and tire slippage. The operator must go through a distance calibration procedure to ensure
the accuracy of the ground speed sensor. This signal is shared with all combine systems that
depend on ground speed.

The ground speed RPM sensor is actually a switch that closes every time a tooth on the bull
gear in the ground drive transmission passes by the sensor. It is wired directly to the A Post 2
(Connector 34, Pin 21). The A Post 2 broadcasts the ground speed on the primary vehicle
CAN bus and compares the speed value with the distance calibration value from the AFS Pro
600 display, which is also broadcast on the primary vehicle CAN bus.

If the A Post 2 detects that a Distance Calibration has not been performed in the AFS Pro 600
display, the A Post 2 (and AFS Pro 600 display) will use the A Post 2 ground speed value to
display vehicle speed and to calculate distance traveled and area covered. If the A Post 2
detects that a Distance Calibration HAS been performed in the AFS Pro 600 display, the A
Post 2 (and AFS Pro 600 display) will use the AFS Pro 600 calibrated distance value.

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IMPORTANT! Distance calibration must be completed to ensure system


accuracy when using the “Wheel” ground speed sensor.

Wait a Minute… What about using Radar or GPS speed? 88 Series combines do
not have an optional radar system available. Some versions of AF Midrange display software
may include “Radar” as an option in the Ground Speed Source popup window; however, radar
is not supported on 88 Series combines.
GPS speed is supported, and can be selected in the Ground Speed Source popup window.
When “GPS” is selected in the Ground Speed Source popup window, the AFS Pro 600 and A
Post 2 will use the speed signal from the installed GPS receiver. If the speed signal from the
GPS receiver is not valid, the Pro 600 and A Post 2 will revert to the transmission speed
sensor signal. Distance Calibration is not required when using the “GPS” speed source.

Wait a Minute… What if the combine is not equipped with an AFS Pro 600
display? How is distance (ground speed) calibration completed? If the combine is not
equipped with an AFS Pro 600 display, distance calibration is completed using the A Post 2. If
an AFS Pro 600 display is added in the future, the AFS system will continue to use the
calibrated A Post 2 distance calibration value until a distance calibration is performed in the
AFS Pro 600.

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System Components – Yield Monitor

Feeder Position Sensor

The feeder position sensor (SEN-202) is mounted on the left rear corner of the feeder house.
It monitors the feeder’s position, toggling data recording on and off as the feeder is raised and
lowered. This permits the logging of harvesting distance only while the feeder is in the cutting
position (below the calibrated Maximum Working Height). Maximum Working Height is
specific to each Crop Type, and therefore must be set independently for each Crop Type
and/or field condition.

It is common for portions of the crop in a given field to vary in height. If the operator does not
set the Maximum Working Height high enough, the display may shut off the logging of data
when the operator raises the header for the taller crop and the display detects that the header
is above the Maximum Working Height, based on the feeder position signal.

The feeder position sensor is a solid-state potentiometer that is wired directly to the CXCM
(Connector 18, Pin B2), which then broadcasts the feeder position over the primary vehicle
CAN bus. The AFS Pro 600 picks up this signal from the CAN bus and uses it to inform the
operator about cutting height and as the ‘switch’ to turn acre counting and GPS data logging
ON and OFF, based on the position of the header relative to the current Maximum Working
Height. Since the system is running off a relative voltage signal from the sensor there is no
predetermined adjustment. Make sure that the continuous signal varies over the full feeder
house travel and that the sensor is calibrated (Maximum Working Height) for each Crop Type.

IMPORTANT! Maximum Working Height needs to be calibrated for each Crop


Type!

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System Components - Autoguidance

NavII Controller

NavII installed on the front wall of the grain tank,


behind the right-hand service door.

The NavII Controller (MOD-162&163) is responsible for the “behind-the-scenes” control


of the AFS AccuGuide autoguidance system. It contains three gyroscopes and three
accelerometers, which constantly measure vehicle motion on three axes – yaw
(horizontal movement of the vehicle nose), pitch (vertical movement of the vehicle
nose), and roll (rotational movement of the vehicle nose). These measurements are
used to correct the position signal from the GPS receiver, to compensate for terrain
variations.

When the operator performs an autoguidance-related operation via the AFS Pro 600
display, the display sends messaging on the secondary CAN bus (CAN-B) to the NavII,
which then performs the commanded function. For example, if the operator presses
the Nudge Left arrow on the Pro 600, the Pro 600 sends a “Nudge Left” message to
the NavII, which then processes this message and sends the appropriate pulse-width
modulation (PWM) voltage (based on current heading, yaw, pitch, roll, and position of
the vehicle relative to the desired path) to the Steer Left solenoid (SOL-167A), which
opens to allow oil to flow to the steering cylinder to steer the combine to the left. 88
Series combines have a solid-state steering sensor (SEN-164) mounted on the right
steering knuckle. This sensor sends a variable voltage to the NavII. When the NavII
detects that the steering sensor signal indicates that the steering correction has been
completed, the NavII reduces the pulse-width modulation to the Steer Left solenoid,
causing the valve to close slightly and steering to return to the “pre-nudge” position.

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The NavII Controller contains no field-serviceable parts. Except for software


downloads and some diagnostic procedures, all service-related functions must be
performed by an authorized CNH service center.

The NavII is a controller and has firmware that can be updated to change or improve
system performance using the same hardware. The following components are wired
directly to the NavII Controller:
- autoguidance enable switch
- manual override sensor
- autoguidance enable solenoid (isolation solenoid)
- steering sensor
- steer left relay & solenoid
- steer right relay & solenoid
- GPS receiver

Other sensor/controller data may be available to the NavII controller on the primary
and secondary CAN busses.

The NavII is mounted to the outside front wall of the grain tank, behind the right hand
service door. The NavII must be mounted with the flat side of the controller against the
grain tank, and the connectors facing down. Any other orientation will cause a fault to
be displayed on the AFS Pro 600 display.

The NavII does not have an LED light or other external indicator to show the operating
condition of the unit. Use the EST or the onboard diagnostics in the Pro 600 display to
determine if the NavII is operating correctly.

The operating software within the NavII is updateable using the Electronic Service
Tool. NavII controllers shipped from CNH Parts should arrive with software loaded,
ready to install on the vehicle. However, this software may or may not be the latest
version available at the time of installation.

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System Components - Autoguidance

Autoguidance Valve

Autoguidance valve installed on the left side of the


combine, below the main valve stack.

The Autoguidance Valve is responsible for executing the commands sent by the NavII
Controller to actually steer the combine. The Autoguidance Valve consists of an
Autoguidance Enable Solenoid (SOL-168), Steer Left and Steer Right Solenoids (SOL-
167A & SOL-167B), a pilot-operated load sense valve, and a shuttle cartridge. Refer
to the 88 Series Axial-Flow Combine Hydraulic Schematic for a valve diagram.

The Autoguidance Enable Solenoid, sometimes referred to as an “isolation solenoid”,


isolates the Autoguidance Valve from the rest of the vehicle hydraulic steering system.
When the operator wants to use the autoguidance system, the first thing he must do is
“enable” the system. Enabling the system requires that the operator accept a liability
statement, after which the Autoguidance Enable Solenoid is energized and opens a
pathway for oil to flow through the Autoguidance Valve to the Steer Left and Steer
Right Solenoids. The Steer Left and Steer Right Solenoids are energized through the
Steer Left and Steer Right Relays (RLY-007 & RLY-008) in the Fuse and Relay Panel.

NOTE: Enabling the system does NOT mean that the autoguidance system is steering
the combine. It only means that the pathway through the valve is open and available to
be used. If the system has not been “enabled”, no oil can flow through the valve.

After the autoguidance system has been enabled, and a number of parameters are
met, the operator can “engage” the system. Engaging the system means that the
operator has commanded the NavII Controller to automatically steer the combine
based on inputs from the AFS Pro 600 display, GPS receiver, and steering sensor.
When the autoguidance system is engaged, oil flows from the steering priority valve
through the Autoguidance Enable Solenoid to the Steer Left and Steer Right Solenoids,
which are commanded by pulse-width modulation from the NavII controller.

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ADVANCED FARMING SYSTEMS

System Components - Autoguidance

Steering Sensor

Steering sensor removed from combine.


View from bottom, showing sensor, connector,
Steering sensor installed on the right steering knuckle. and metal protective housing.

The Steering Sensor (SEN-164) is responsible for monitoring the steering angle of the
combine. The sensor sends a variable voltage signal to the NavII Controller, which
uses this signal input, along with signals from the AFS Pro 600 and from the GPS
receiver, in calculating steering corrections while autoguidance is engaged.

The Steering Sensor is a solid-state sensor, not a potentiometer. There is one gyro
and one accelerometer inside the Steering Sensor unit, allowing the sensor to
accurately sense the degree of change in steering angle.

The Steering Sensor does not typically require a user-initiated calibration. The sensor
self-calibrates periodically during operation. If the self-calibration fails, a message will
be displayed to the user, advising the user to drive in a straight line for a given
distance. This allows the sensor to recalibrate, after which normal operation can
resume.

On combines equipped with a Power Guide Axle (PGA), the Steering Sensor is
mounted on the rear side of the kingpin. On non-PGA combines, the Steering Sensor
is mounted on the front side of the kingpin.

The Steering Sensor is not field-serviceable and has no user-updateable software.

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System Components - Autoguidance

Manual Override Sensor

Hydraulic manual override sensor (flow switch) Sprocket-style manual override sensor, installed at
installed between the steering hand pump and the the knuckle at the top of the steering column.
priority valve.

When autoguidance is engaged, the Manual Override Sensor detects when the
operator attempts to manually override automatic steering, and sends a signal to the
NavII Controller. The NavII Controller then disables automatic steering, allowing the
operator to manually steer the combine. There are two types of Manual Override
Sensors found on 88 Series combines. (Only one will be used on any given machine.)

1. Flow switch (SEN-165) – 88 Series combines produced before October 20,


2008 (pre-production), are factory-equipped with a flow switch Manual
Override Sensor. This sensor is shown in the photo above left, and consists
of a flow sensing reed switch teed into the steering supply line at the priority
valve. When autoguidance is engaged, there is no flow between the priority
valve and the steering hand pump. When the operator turns the steering
wheel in an attempt to steer the combine, the flow switch detects flow as the
hand pump requires oil from the priority valve, and sends a “manual
override detected” signal to the NavII Controller, which then disengages
autosteering.

2. Sprocket sensor (SEN-380) – 88 Series combines produced for Model Year


2009 production (October 20, 2008 and after) are factory-equipped with a
sprocket-style Manual Override Sensor. This sensor consists of a two-piece
sprocket (tone wheel) that is clamped to the steering column, and a Hall-
effect sensor mounted to an adjacent bracket. When the operator turns the

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ADVANCED FARMING SYSTEMS

steering wheel in an attempt to steer the combine, one or more sprocket


teeth will pass in front of the Hall-effect sensor. The sensor sends a
“manual override detected” signal to the NavII Controller, which then
disengages autosteering.

Campaign H1309 (AFL UP 003 09) replaced the flow switch override sensor
with the sprocket sensor, for all pre-production 88 Series combines
equipped with AFS AccuGuide autoguidance.

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System Components - Autoguidance

Autoguidance Enable Switch

Autoguidance Enable Switch shown installed in the far


left position in the 3rd row on the right hand console.

The Autoguidance Enable Switch (SW-101) is used to manually enable or disable the
autoguidance system. Remember that “enabling” the system means that the NavII
Controller energizes the Autoguidance Enable Solenoid (isolation solenoid) to provide
a path for oil to flow through the Autoguidance Valve. When the operator “disables” the
system, the NavII Controller de-energizes the isolation solenoid, closing the pathway
through the valve, and making autosteering impossible.

The Autoguidance Enable Switch is installed into the right hand console, at the far left
side of the third row of switches. This position is directly to the left of the Upper Sieve
Position Control switch position, and directly below the Auto Header Height Control
switch position.

The Autoguidance Enable Switch is a three-position switch (OFF – ON – ENGAGE).


Refer to the 88 Series Combine Electrical Schematic for a detailed switch schematic.
1. When the switch is in the rear maintained OFF position, the autoguidance
system is always OFF. The isolation valve is closed, and autoguidance
cannot be engaged.
2. When the switch is in the center maintained ON position, the autoguidance
system may be ON (enabled) IF the operator has enabled the system, or
may be OFF (disabled) if the operator has not yet enabled the system.
3. When the switch is in the forward momentary ENGAGE position AND the
Separator Switch (SW-111) is ON, the autoguidance system will be
engaged IF it has already been enabled and all other conditions for
engagement are met, or will be enabled if it is not yet enabled and all other
conditions for enabling are met. NOTE: Press and hold the switch in the
forward momentary position to enable. Press and release to engage.

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System Components - Shared

Combine XCM (CXCM)

1: 26-pin Amp Superseal


2: 26-pin Amp Superseal
3: 34-pin Amp Superseal
CXCM as seen looking “through” the 5: 34-pin Amp Superseal
instructor’s seat (storage bucket 6: 26-pin Amp Superseal
removed). 7: 26-pin Amp Superseal

The CXCM performs a number of functions on the combine, including some precision
farming functions. In this document, we will discuss only the functions related to
precision farming. The CXCM does not provide any message processing specifically
related to autoguidance.

For yield monitoring, the CXCM:


- gathers and processes signals from the combine sensors (feeder potentiometer
and moisture/temperature sensor)
- puts the results on the CAN bus to be picked up by the display unit
- activates the bypass relay to turn on the bypass motor to run the bypass auger to
empty the grain chamber when the proximity switch detects that the chamber is full
- activates the bypass relay for 35 seconds when the separator switch is moved from
ON to OFF

The CXCM is a controller and has firmware that can be updated to change or improve
system performance using the same hardware. The moisture, temperature, and feeder
position sensors are wired directly to the CXCM. Other sensor information is available
to the CXCM on the primary vehicle CAN bus.

The CXCM is mounted on the inside back wall of the cab, under the instructor’s seat.

The CXCM does not have an LED light or other external indicator to show the
operating condition of the unit. Use the EST or the onboard diagnostics in the Pro 600
display to determine if the CXCM is operating correctly.

The operating software within the CXCM is updateable using the Electronic Service
Tool. CXCMs shipped from CNH Parts should arrive with software loaded, ready to
install. This software may or may not be the latest version available at the time of
installation.

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Wait a Minute… I thought yield and moisture signals were processed


by the Yield Monitor Interface Unit (YMIU). Where is the YMIU on this vehicle?
88 Series combines do not have a YMIU. The table below explains the differences in
AFS signal processing between a vehicle equipped with a YMIU and a vehicle
equipped with a CXCM.

Signal YMIU Processing CXCM Processing


Elevator shaft speed The elevator shaft speed sensor Analog signal from the
generates an analog signal, elevator shaft speed sensor
which goes directly to the YMIU. goes directly to the A Post 2.
The YMIU processes the signal The A Post 2 processes the
and converts it to a CAN signal and converts it to a
message for use by the AFS primary CAN bus message for
display. use by the CXCM and AFS
display.
Feeder position The feeder potentiometer The feeder potentiometer
generates an analog signal, generates an analog signal,
which goes directly to the YMIU. which goes directly to the
The YMIU processes the signal CXCM. The CXCM processes
and converts it to a CAN the signal and converts it to a
message for use by the AFS primary CAN message for use
display. by the A Post 2 and AFS
display.
Flow sensor The flow sensor generates an The flow sensor itself
analog signal which goes directly generates a CAN signal and
to the YMIU. The YMIU places the signal on the
processes the signal and primary vehicle CAN bus for
converts it to a CAN message for use by the AFS display.
use by the AFS display.
Ground speed The transmission speed sensor The analog signal from the
generates an analog signal. This transmission speed sensor
signal is then split, with one goes directly to the A Post 2.
signal going to the A Post and the The A Post 2 processes the
other going to the YMIU to be signal and converts it to a
converted to a CAN message for CAN message for use by the
use by the AFS display. CXCM and AFS display.
Moisture sensor The moisture sensor generates The analog signal from the
an analog signal, which goes moisture sensor goes directly
directly to the YMIU. The YMIU to the CXCM. The CXCM
processes the signal and processes the signal and
converts it to a CAN message for converts it to a CAN message
use by the AFS display. for use by the AFS display.
Temperature sensor The temperature sensor The analog signal from the
generates an analog signal, temperature sensor goes
which goes directly to the YMIU. directly to the CXCM. The
The YMIU processes the signal CXCM processes the signal
and converts it to a CAN and converts it to a CAN
message for use by the AFS message for use by the AFS
display. display.

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Wait a Minute… The YMIU stored some AFS-related values (calibration values,
etc.) as a backup of the values stored in the display memory and on the datacard. Does
the CXCM now store these values? NO, the CXCM does not store these values. (In
addition, the YMIU does not store any values when used on any vehicle with a color display.)

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System Components - Shared

AFS Pro 600 Color Display

The AFS Pro 600 display provides a touchscreen operator interface for yield and moisture
monitoring (standard), mapping (optional), autoguidance (optional), and Automatic Crop
Settings (ACS) (optional). The AFS Pro 600 is a ruggedized mobile computer that monitors
the various machine functions and provides the operator with control over selected vehicle
functions. It is mounted to the headliner above the right-hand service door, within easy reach
of the operator. The display mount utilizes a RAM ball-mount, which allows a nearly infinite
range of positioning to accommodate operator preferences and operating conditions. The
display also has adjustments for speaker volume and backlight.

The AFS Pro 600 provides the operator with an interface to perform setup functions and
calibrations, control selected vehicle systems, display selected system parameters, and
download data to ATA Flash or CompactFlash data cards for transfer to a compatible precision
farming desktop software application, such as AFS Harvest and Application Control Systems.
Position data can also be collected if used with a DGPS receiver; this allows for the creation of
real-time yield maps while harvesting or in the desktop software after transferring the data with
the data card. Harvest summary information and machine calibration information is also
stored in the display backup memory when the system powers down.

The AFS Pro 600 display is a controller and has software that is updateable using the
Electronic Service Tool (EST). New displays from Parts are shipped with no software
installed, and must be programmed prior to use. Updates to the display software may require
updates to other controllers installed on the vehicle.

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Wait a Minute… I already have a Universal Display, Universal Display Plus, or


ICDU2 from a different combine or planter. Can I use that display in this combine? NO.
Wiring harnesses and AFS messaging have changed from earlier combine series, and the
AFS Pro 600 is the only supported display on 88 Series combines.

Wait a Minute… I already have an Ag Leader Insight. Can I use that display in
this combine? Unless expressly authorized by CNH, the use of 3rd-party displays or
components is not supported, and may require replacement or modification of existing
sensors, harnesses, or other components.

Wait a Minute… I already have an AFS Pro 600 that I use with another piece of
AFS equipment. Can I transfer that display to my 88 Series combine? YES, absolutely.
The AFS Pro 600 is completely portable from one supported vehicle type to another. The only
requirement is that the correct software is loaded in the display.

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System Components - Shared

Data Card

A data card must be used to save data from the AFS Pro 600, and to transfer data between
the AFS Pro 600 and the desktop software or another AFS Pro 600 display..

IMPORTANT! The data card must be installed in the display before turning on
the key switch, and must not be removed until the display has completely powered
down.

The data card stores all data recorded by the display, including GPS data if the combine is
equipped with a GPS receiver. The internal flash memory in the AFS Pro 600 display stores
setup data, calibration data, and yield/moisture summary data, but DOES NOT STORE ANY
GPS DATA. When GPS data is received by the display, the display writes the GPS data to the
data card. The display also holds the GPS data in temporary memory for onscreen mapping
purposes only. This temporary onscreen mapping memory in the display is erased when
the operator selects a different Field, and when the display is powered down. When the
key switch is turned OFF, the display will writes ALL remaining harvesting information
(including GPS) and other vehicle parameters to the card before shutting down. As the
system powers down, all data EXCEPT GPS data will be written to backup memory on the
display. The backup memory information will be an exact copy of the summary data that is
stored on the current datacard, but will NOT include the GPS data.

If the data card is removed BEFORE the display unit has completely powered down, the
operator will lose data. DO NOT REMOVE THE CARD FROM THE DISPLAY UNTIL THE
DISPLAY HAS COMPLETELY POWERED DOWN!!!

By default, the AFS Pro 600 checks for a data card as the display boots up, and if no data card
is detected, the display will warn the operator via an audible alarm, a popup window, and an
icon in the Status/Warning Icon Area. However, if the operator intentionally chooses to
operate the display without a datacard installed, the display offers a configuration option that
will disable the “missing datacard” warning. This mode of operation is not recommended, as it
completely disables GPS and may affect other functionality.

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IMPORTANT! Do not remove the card from the display until the display has
completely powered down.

Wait a Minute… I was riding with my neighbor, and saw that he had a map on
his AFS Pro 600 display, but he didn’t have a datacard installed. How does that work?
As indicated above, GPS data is stored temporarily in the display “map memory”. This
memory is used to display an onscreen map to the operator, and is used even when no
removable datacard is installed in the display. HOWEVER, this memory is permanently
erased any time the operator changes Fields, and when the display is powered down. GPS
data cannot be recalled from the internal memory or saved later to a datacard. If a removable
datacard is NOT installed in the display at the time the GPS data is received into the display,
the GPS data is not permanently recorded and is lost. Your neighbor was not recording GPS
data, even though he was seeing a map on the display.

IMPORTANT! GPS data is ONLY stored on the datacard.

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System Components - Shared

Data Card – Card Information


¾ Supported card types are ATA Flash and CompactFlash. CompactFlash cards require
a PCMCIA adapter to fit the PCMCIA slot in the display.
¾ Supported card capacities are 32MB to 4GBMB. Larger or smaller cards may produce
unexpected results in the display, including failure to boot and/or failure to log data.
¾ Data cards may be formatted as FAT (FAT16) or FAT32. Incorrect formatting may
cause unexpected results in the display.
¾ SanDisk is the only supported datacard. Other datacard brands may or may not
provide acceptable results.
¾ CNH-supplied cards are ready to use upon arrival. If non-CNH-supplied cards are
used, they must be formatted before use. (see formatting note above)
¾ The data card is the only method of transferring information between the combine and
the desktop software. The office computer (desktop or laptop) must be configured to
read ATA Flash (or CompactFlash) PCMCIA cards. An external data card reader may
be required.
¾ A data card should be dedicated to a specific combine due to the calibration
information that is retained on the card.
¾ Data cards are essentially miniature hard drives. They should be handled with care,
and not exposed to temperature extremes, moisture, dust, or magnetic fields.

Before any harvesting information can be written to the data card the following signals have to
be received by the display unit:
ƒ The card must be detected by the AFS Pro 600 display. (Install the card before
powering on.)
ƒ The Maximum Working Height must be set for the current Crop Type and the
header must be positioned below the Maximum Working Height setting. The
display unit will provide one long beep when the header is lowered below the set
value and a user-configured number of beeps when raised above the set value.
The number of Work Alarm beeps is set on the TOOLBOX > COMBINE screen in
the AFS Pro 600 display. (COMBINE SETUP > COMBINE in v16.* software)
ƒ The ground speed must be above 0.5 MPH. This value can be monitored on any
RUN screen in the AFS Pro 600 display.
ƒ The clean grain elevator shaft speed must be between 250-599 RPM. This value
can be monitored on any RUN screen in the AFS Pro 600 display.

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System Components - Shared

Data Card – Card Information

Wait a Minute… How much harvest activity can a card hold?

On previous AFS systems there was a simple answer. We knew how much space the
summary information required, subtracted that from the total, and the rest was available for
GPS records. It’s not as simple now. The AFS Pro 600 display stores data in a multiple-file
format, called Voyager2. Because of this and because we store calibration data at the Task
level (instead of one set of calibrations for all Tasks), it is difficult to predict how much harvest
information will fit on a card. Factors that influence how much harvest activity can be stored
on a card are the number of Growers, Farms, Fields, and Tasks, the GPS logging interval (if
installed), and the capacity of the datacard. More Farms, Fields, and Tasks fill up the card
faster. A shorter GPS logging interval (for example, 1-second) fills up the card faster than a
longer interval (for example, 3-second). Engineering tests and field reports indicate that an 88
Series display, logging GPS data every 1 second, will record approximately 500 hours of data
to a 128MB datacard, or 2000 hours of data to a 512MB datacard.

The display will tell you how much data you can store. Error codes are built into the system to
warn an operator when the card is 90% full, and when the card is full. Also, the Diagnostics
screens can be used at any time to find out how much of the card capacity is being used.

How much data is on the card?

Navigate to DIAGNOSTICS > CARD

The bar graph is a visual indicator of the


space used, much like a fuel gauge. The
number of Growers, Farms, Fields, and
Tasks used and remaining is indicated.

IMPORTANT! The only way to gain more card space is to delete existing
combine data. Make sure the data is archived (saved to the desktop software) before
deleting. When GPS records are deleted, they are permanently erased. If the data hase
not been archived to the desktop software, it is lost forever and cannot be recovered.

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System Components - Shared

Data Card – Card Management


Treat the PCMCIA card as any other computer disk in Windows Explorer. Windows Explorer
allows the following operations to be performed on the datacard:
ƒ Formatting
ƒ Scanning for errors
ƒ Deleting files
ƒ Writing files

IMPORTANT! CNH color displays utilize a multiple file format instead of the
.yld file format of older systems. All files are contained in a file folder named *.CN1,
where “*” is an 8-character (YYMMDDRR) datestamp, such as “080421R1”. Do not
delete individual files or sub folders from within the CN1 directory. Also, don’t put more
than one CN1 folder on the same card. When using Windows Explorer to move files
make sure you move the entire CN1 folder. Also, the AFS Pro 600 places error log files
on the card in the following directory: *.CN1\LOG. The error logs are text files (*.txt),
and can be read using any text editor on a desktop computer. These error logs can be
valuable troubleshooting tools.

REMEMBER: The PC card is similar to a hard drive on some PC systems. As


files are deleted from the card, they may be placed in a “recycle bin” on the card.
This area requires storage space. You may need to delete the information in the
“recycle bin” to reclaim datacard space.

The data card does not need to be removed from the display unit when the combine and
display unit is shut down. There are no batteries to run down (either in the datacard or in the
display).

It is HIGHLY RECOMMENDED that harvesting data be downloaded to the office PC daily to


prevent loss of data if a problem should arise. After a card has been archived (downloaded to
the desktop), Tasks that contain archived data will appear in appear in ITALICIZED characters
in the display.

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System Components – Shared

CAN Bus
The CAN (Communication Area Network) Bus is a communications system that uses
digital signals rather than analog signals to provide communications between ALL the
controllers on the combine. The communications will be coming and going between all the
controllers at the same time. It may be best to think of it as a telephone party line, where
many people can carry on a conversation over one pair of wires at the same time. On 88
Series combines equipped with AFS, there are always 4 different controllers
communicating with each other via the primary vehicle CAN (CAN-A) bus. They are:
CXCM (Combine XCM), A Post 2, AFS Pro 600 color display, and the flow sensor (also
call the “YSM” or Yield Sensor Module). If GPS is installed, the receiver communicates
with the AFS Pro 600 on a second CAN bus (CAN-B). If autoguidance is installed, the
NavII controller communicates with the display and the GPS receiver on CAN-B.

¾ CAN technology is now a standard vehicle communication technology in both on-


road and off-road vehicles.
¾ It provides one central connection for computer (diagnostic) access to all (or most)
controllers.
¾ Reduces multi-wire harnesses for reduced bulk and easier routing. (Run one pair
of wires to carry multiple signals, instead of running two or three wires per signal.)
¾ More than one CAN bus may be present on a vehicle. One CAN bus is typically
used for vehicle controller communication, while additional CAN busses carry
messaging for optional equipment, such as receivers or navigation controllers.
A common two-wire harness connects all the controllers together. This harness contains one
Yellow and one Green Wire. These wires carry the CAN message communication. They are
twisted around each other and are typically sheathed separately from other wires to provide
shielding of unwanted signals.

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CAN Bus (Primary, also called CAN-1 or CAN-A)

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CAN Bus (Secondary, also called CAN-2 or CAN-B)

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System Components – Shared

CAN Terminators
CAN terminators are non-serviceable 120-ohm fixed resistance units that are used to
remove magnetic interference that may be coming from radios, phones, message
echoes, etc. This ensures that the digital signals between controllers are not
corrupted. The CAN terminators look like 3-pin Deutsch connector caps, but have only
two wires. The two terminators are both connected to the yellow and green wires.

There are 4 passive CAN terminators on an 88 Series AFS combine. (Remember that
we can have two CAN busses on these combines.) One terminator is located at each
end of each CAN bus harness. For CAN-A, one terminator is located in the headliner
near the A Post 2, and the other is located near the engine controller (not IN the engine
controller). (See below for CAN-B.)

As noted above, 88 Series combines have a second CAN bus (CAN-B) to support the
additional messaging required by the optional DGPS receiver and/or AFS AccuGuide
autoguidance. This second CAN bus includes two additional passive terminators, one
located at the DGPS receiver, and the other located in the headliner near the AFS Pro
600 display. If DGPS and/or AccuGuide and/or the AFS Pro 600 display are not
installed, the second CAN bus is not used.

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CAN-B terminator

- Located on the DGPS receiver


harness at the receiver

CAN-B terminator
- Located on the cab harness in the
headliner, near the AFS Pro 600
display

CAN-A terminator
- Located on the cab harness in the
headliner, near the A Post 2

CAN-A terminator
- Located on the engine harness,
near the Engine Control Unit (ECU)

- NOT IN THE ECU!

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Wait a Minute… What about the active terminators used on older CAN
bus systems? The CAN terminators used on 88 Series combines are fixed resistors
and are referred to as “passive terminators” because they don’t need to be powered up
to work. “Active terminators” (used on 2x00 series combines) require 12VDC and a
ground to work – passive terminators don’t need to be powered. Other CNH
equipment using the CAN system has adopted passive terminator technology as well.

If one terminator is removed from the system it may or may not work correctly. There
may be intermittent communications especially in the vicinity of radio waves. The
messages that the yellow and green wires carry may become corrupted. If both
terminators are removed the system will not operate properly. Since the 88 Series
combine relies on CAN messages even for non-AFS-related communication, the
machine will not work properly if both terminators are failed or removed.

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System Components – Shared

Electronic Service Tool (EST) Diagnostic Connector

The 88 Series combine uses the CNH standard 9-pin Deutsch connector for vehicle
diagnostics. This connector is used to communicate with controllers on the vehicle
CAN bus (CAN-A) – the AFS Pro 600, the CXCM, the A Post 2, and the Flow Sensor
(called the Yield Sensor Module on the EST). The diagnostic connector also includes
access to CAN-B; however, no diagnostic or programming functionality is supported for
controllers on CAN-B at this time.

This special connector is located just to the left of the cupholder at the right-rear corner
of the operator’s seat. A special communication interface box (Dearborn Protocol
Adapter, or DPA) must be connected between the combine and the EST in order to
monitor system operations, perform diagnostic procedures, or upload software to any
of the vehicle controllers mentioned above.

Wait a Minute… Do I need to use the EST AFS Implement Adapter


(CAS2659 or 380000601) that is used on the 2x00 series combines? No adapter is
needed with 88 Series combines. The AFS system is integrated into the vehicle CAN
bus, so we can connect directly to the AFS system without requiring an adapter.

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System Components – Shared

GPS (Global Positioning System) Receivers


A GPS receiver translates satellite signals into a sub-meter position (Latitude, Longitude,
Altitude) and sends that information to the AFS Pro 600 display. The AFS Pro 600 display
takes the position information and makes it available to the operator to view onscreen. GPS
data is also recorded to the datacard along with the yield and moisture summary data,
calibration information, and autoguidance data (if equipped). 88 Series AFS combines
equipped with GPS have the following features: on-screen yield, moisture, and coverage
mapping, boundary recording/detection, obstacle recording/detection, marker mapping, Auto
Cut Width, and autoguidance (if equipped).

On all GPS-equipped combines the antenna


must be the highest part. It must receive an
unobstructed signal, which means it must
have an unobstructed view of the sky. On 88
Series combines, GPS units are mounted on
the top edge of the front foldable grain tank
extension.

When folded down, the GPS unit is protected


from overhead obstructions.

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System Components – Shared

GPS (Global Positioning System) Receivers


The factory installed options for GPS on 88 Series combines are the AFS 162 and AFS 262.

AFS 162 Receiver AFS 262 Receiver


The AFS 162 replaces the AFS 100. Like the The AFS 262 is a combined receiver and
AFS 100, the 162 is a “smart antenna”, or antenna. It monitors signals from the GPS
receiver and antenna combined into a satellite constellation and correction signals
common housing. It monitors autonomous from a differential correctional satellite. The
signals from the GPS satellite constellation AFS 262 receiver is capable of using several
and correction signals from a differential sources of differential correction:
correctional satellite. The AFS 162 Receiver WAAS/EGNOS, OmniSTAR VBS, OmniSTAR
is only capable of using one source of XP, OmniSTAR HP, and RTK. The WAAS
differential correction – WAAS/EGNOS. The differential correction signal is free. The
WAAS differential correction signal is OmniSTAR signals require a paid
provided and maintained by the United States subscription and an unlock code for the
government, and is freely available to any receiver. RTK requires a local base station
WAAS-capable receiver. The EGNOS (receiver and radio) and a radio on the
differential correction signal is provided and vehicle, along with an unlock code for the
maintained by a partnership of European receiver.
agencies.
The AFS 262 receiver has an LED light on the
rear of the receiver, between the two Deutsch
The AFS 100 Receiver features a single 12-
connectors. The LED provides information
pin rectangular Deutsch connector and two
about the status of the receiver. The AFS Pro
LED lights that indicate the status of the
600 is used to monitor and make changes to
receiver. The AFS Pro 600 is used to monitor
the operational settings of the receiver when
and make changes to the operational settings
installed on an 88 Series combine.
of the receiver when installed on an 88 Series
combine.
The 262 receiver can be used for yield
mapping and other broadacre field
The AFS 162 is can be used for yield
operations, as well as AFS AccuGuide
mapping and other broadacre field operations
autoguidance and row-crop field operations
where the accuracy of a premium receiver is
where a higher degree of accuracy is desired.
not required. It can also be used for AFS
AccuGuide autoguidance with the input of an
unlock code.

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System Components - Shared

Connecting non-factory GPS Receivers


As a general rule, customers that have existing GPS equipment (Case IH or competitive) can
easily adapt it to 88 Series combines. There are two communication methods that can be
used – CAN or RS232. Both communication methods will achieve the same results although
the cabling requirements are very different. When using CAN we simply connect the receiver
to the secondary CAN bus (CAN-B). When using RS232 we generally need to get the GPS
signal directly into one of two connectors in the cab.

Although CAN is the easiest, not all receivers can communicate using CAN. All current Case
IH and/or Trimble receivers (AFS 100, 110, 130, 162, 252, 262, 332, 432, 442) are CAN-
compatible. Case IH AFS Universal Receivers (Trimble AgGPS 132) may or may not be CAN-
compatible, depending on the age of the receiver. AFS Universal Receivers with a part
number ending in “A5” or higher, and that are identified on the back near the antenna
connection with “J1939”, are CAN-compatible. If the Universal Receiver in question is not
identified with the “J1939” marking, it is not CAN-compatible. RS232 must be used to connect
these receivers to any Case IH vehicle. All Beacon Receivers and all competitive receivers
communicate using RS232.

Since there are two communication methods, the display needs to know where to look for the
GPS signal. In the AFS Pro 600, there are four possible GPS Communication Types: CAN-A,
CAN-B, RS232A, and RS232B. For 88 Series combines, CAN-B, RS232A, and RS232B are
all valid options. All GPS receiver setup is performed in TOOLBOX > GPS.

(The following instructions assume an AFS162 or AFS262 receiver is being installed. For
other receivers, contact Technical Support.)

To install a receiver onto the secondary CAN bus (CAN-B):


CAN-B is used for all factory-installed receivers on 88 Series combines, and can also
be used for CAN-capable DIA receivers. Use receiver harness 87550514 to connect
the receiver to the secondary CAN bus inside the grain tank. This cable will connect to
the Flow Sensor Harness 87728918 near the right-front corner of the grain tank.

To install a receiver via RS232-A:


The RS232-A communication link is accessed via a 10-pin Metripack “T” connection
located in the Fuse and Relay Panel in the cab. Use a power/data cable terminating in
a female DE9 connector, receiver harness 87382742, and a male/male null modem
adapter (source locally).

To install a receiver via RS232-B:


The RS232-B communication link is accessed via the 9-pin DE9 connector located on
the bottom of the AFS Pro 600 display. Use a power/data cable terminating in a
female DE9 connector to connect the receiver directly to the 9-pin DE9 connector on
the bottom of the AFS Pro 600 display.

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ADVANCED FARMING SYSTEMS

IMPORTANT! There are specific compatibility requirements for Pro 600


software and GPS receiver firmware. Incompatible software/firmware may cause
communication problems. Refer to the Compatibility Matrix information later in this
section.

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ADVANCED FARMING SYSTEMS

System Components – Shared

AFS Desktop Software

AFS desktop software is used to move


harvest data from the combine to a desktop
computer. The AFS desktop software is the
recommended precision farming office
software application for use with all Case IH
AFS systems.

Beginning with Model Year 2009 combines,


two versions of AFS desktop software are
available – Basic and Advanced. Basic is
suitable for the majority of operations, while
Advanced contains tools that are useful for
enhanced data analysis and working with
large amounts of data or multiple clients. A
sole proprietor will likely find the AFS Basic
software sufficient, while a crop consultant or
agronomist may require the functionality of
AFS Advanced.

Also beginning with Model Year 2009, AFS


desktop software is NOT included with all
AFS combines. It must be ordered as a
separate option (Section 33, Code SW) in the
price book.

AFS desktop software that is not purchased with a machine can be purchased from CNH
Parts. Desktop software is no longer available from the CNH Document Management Center.

IMPORTANT! Older versions of AFS Software (Instant Yield Map, Instant


Crops, AFS2000, etc.) WILL NOT WORK with 88 Series combines. These legacy
software programs cannot process the AFS Pro 600 data format. AFS desktop software
version 6.5 or higher is required to process harvest data from the AFS Pro 600 display.
The latest desktop software version is always recommended to ensure compatibility
with the latest changes in AFS Pro 600 software.

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ADVANCED FARMING SYSTEMS

System Components – Shared

AFS Desktop Software

AFS Desktop Software allows customers to create season summary reports like this…

… or, if they have an optional


GPS receiver installed, they can
create yield and moisture maps.

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ADVANCED FARMING SYSTEMS

System Components – Shared

AFS Desktop Software


Can you tell me what kind of computer I should be using to run the AFS “Harvesting
and Application Control Systems” desktop software, version 6.5 or higher?

(Representative examples of external


card readers. Most laptops have
integrated PCMCIA card slots that can
be used in place of an external reader.)

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ADVANCED FARMING SYSTEMS

AFS Harvesting Compatibility Chart

THIS CHART IS NOT CURRENT - IT


IS FOR EXAMPLE ONLY!!!

Component software compatibility has become too complex and changes too often to be
included in this service training manual. A chart similar to the chart above is maintained
on ASIST, and includes compatibility information for controller software on all Case IH
combine series. This chart includes AFS systems, as well as vehicle controllers. All AFS
systems from the “Black Box” through the AFS Pro 600 are covered.

Important notes:

• 88 Series combines can use either RS-232 or CAN bus GPS connections
• Any receiver firmware version will work for RS-232 communication
• AFS Pro 600 software version 16.* and higher requires GPS receiver firmware version
3.0 or higher if communicating on the CAN bus.
• All AFS Pro 600 displays must use 32MB and larger data cards (max 4GB).
• AFS desktop software version 6.5 or higher (or an equivalent competitive software
package) is required to read data from the AFS Pro 600 display. The current desktop
software version is always recommended.

IMPORTANT! Upgrading software in one controller (for example, the Pro


600) may affect other controllers (such as the GPS receiver, CXCM, ECM, NavII
controller, and A Post 2), and/or the AFS desktop software. Pay attention to the notes
on the EST file information screen. Please make sure you are aware of compatibility
issues before changing software in any controller.

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ADVANCED FARMING SYSTEMS

88 Series Combine – Electrical System Layout

Electrical System Layout (Advanced Farming Systems components only!)

CAN-A Terminator
C-014

C-034

Ground Speed C-209 C-034 A Post 2 C-034 C-034


Elevator Shaft
(SEN-209) Speed (SEN-213)
C-034

Moisture C-017
Sensor C-252 C-019

C-018 C-202
Feeder Position
Temperature Sensor (SEN-202)
Sensor C-252 C-016 CXCM

Moisture C-251 C-019


Bypass C-017

C-250 C-029 Diagnostic Connector


Grain Flow Sensor

C-307 Guidance sensors,


relays, solenoids,
CAN-A Terminator
& enable switch

C-163

C-162 Autoguidance
CAN-B Terminator C-077 C-030 Navigation Controller
(NavII)
AFS Pro 600
Display
Key: Factory DGPS
CAN-A Data Bus C-200
Receiver/Antenna
CAN-B Data Bus
Analog Signals C-150

CAN-B Terminator

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ADVANCED FARMING SYSTEMS

88 Series Combine
GPS Receiver
AFS Data Flow
CAN RS RS RS
B 232 232 232
or A or B
Flow
Sensor
AG Enable Switch
Moisture
Sensor AFS Pro 600 Display
Steering Angle
Sensor
Temp
CXCM What happens in the
Sensor
CAN-A display? Manual Override
Sensor
Feeder NavII
CAN-B Controller
Position
Steer Right
Signal
Elevator
Speed
Steer Left
APost2
Signal
Ground
Speed
AG Enable
Solenoid

Legend:

AFS Pro 600 CAN-A


Display Summary &
Sensor Data card
GPS DATA

Summary & Summary data


GPS DATA ONLY
Communication link (NO GPS)
Displayed to
operator via Internal
touchscreen Memory

Controller

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ADVANCED FARMING SYSTEMS

System Operations – Yield Monitor

When operating in the field, how can I tell if the AFS system is operating correctly?

There are a few display screens that are very useful to help determine the operation of the
system. There are four basic questions that need to be answered:

• Which values on the RUN screens don’t seem correct?


• Are the sensors working? Yes or No
• All sensors need to be working for proper operation
• Has the system been properly setup?
• Has the system been properly calibrated?
• Most sensors can give bad information if not calibrated

Determine which values seem to be in error, then check to see if the sensors are working, then
determine if the system has been properly setup, and then check calibration.

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System Operations – Yield Monitor

The Status and Warning Indicators


The boxes in the upper-left corner of the AFS
Pro 600 display are the status and warning
indicators. Many common icons are listed 1
1 5
below. Additional icons are listed in the
display or application operator’s manual.
6 10
1. (flashing yellow) GPS communication lost
or differential correction is lost
11 15
2. Datacard is detected by the display
(flashing yellow if datacard is not detected)

3. A field mark is being deployed

4. Header is below Maximum Working Height

5. Header is above the Maximum Working


Height

6. Data is being recorded to the datacard

7. (flashing yellow) A Post not detected or


communication lost

8. (flashing yellow) Work Width differs from


the Target Work Width OR Area Control is set
to “Off”

9. Operation Mode is set to “Road”


12. Moisture Mode is set to “Manual”
10. (flashing yellow) Machine operation is
detected and no Task has been created for
current field

11. (flashing yellow) CXCM not detected or


communication lost

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System Operations – Yield Monitor

Is the system RECORDING data?

Is the data recording icon displayed while


harvesting?

If NO, you are not recording data, even if


you see valid yield/moisture values and/or
an onscreen map!

What is required to record data?

Card icon – A valid data card must be Ground Speed above 0.5 MPH – Look for
installed and recognized by the display. The this on the A Post 2, the Left Hand Area, or
card must be in place before powering the any RUN screen. Without ground speed the
display. If a card is installed and the datacard system assumes you’re not moving. Valid
icon is not displayed, the AFS Pro 600 is not ground speed sources for 88 Series combines
configured correctly. (TOOLBOX > GPS) are Wheel and GPS. Radar is not a
supported source.
The header must be below the Maximum
Working Height. The status arrow in the Clean grain elevator shaft speed between
Status/Warning Icon Area must be pointing 250-599RPM. Look for this on the A Post 2,
down. If not, check the Maximum Working the Left Hand Area, or any RUN screen.
Height in TOOLBOX > HEADER. Without a valid elevator speed, the system
assumes the separator is off.

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System Operations – Yield Monitor

Do the Values seem realistic?

RUN > RUN*

View yield and moisture related values on any


of the 6 customizable RUN screens or in the
Left Hand Area.

Start with “Yield, Dry”, “Bushels, Dry”, and


Area. Others are optional.

If these windows are not displayed on any


RUN screen, add them to a RUN screen
layout (or to the Left Hand Area) in TOOLBOX
> LAYOUT.

REMEMBER: The “Default” layout


cannot be edited. A custom layout
must be created to allow the RUN
screen windows to be customized.

1. Harvest some crop.


2. Do the RUN screen values seem realistic?
3. Is the yield about right?
4. Are the total bushels for this Task about right?
5. Is the area covered for this Task about right?

After determining which values don’t seem correct, use the charts on the next page to
determine which sensors, setups and calibrations might need to be checked.

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System Operations – Yield Monitor

Yield Equations

Yield in: Is a Function of these parameters:


Sensor/Value Setup Calibration

Wet Bushels Grain Flow None Yes, each crop type


Elevator Speed None None
Crop Trading Weight Enter correct lbs/bu Use defaults

Per: Sensor/Value Setup Calibration


Ground Speed Select Wheel or GPS Yes, one time
Feeder Position Set Max Work Ht Yes, each crop type
Header type & size Each Crop Type None
Acre
Target Work Width Reset width to full None
Operation Mode Set to “Harvest” None
Area Calibration NO Optional, per field

100 - Moisture %
Dry Bushels = Wet Bushels X 100 - Dry Crop Moisture %

Dry bushels are calculated using the wet bushels calculated above and adjusting for moisture
and temperature. The Moisture % is the actual crop moisture as registered by the moisture
sensor and is adjusted for temperature registered by the temperature sensor. The Crop Trade
Moisture is a constant for each Crop Type harvested. It is the usual and customary moisture
at which the crop is traded locally. The system contains default values for Crop Trade
Moisture (varies by Crop Type) that can be changed by the operator if needed.

Yield in: Sensor/Value Setup Calibration


Moisture Auto/Manual Mode Yes, each crop type
Temperature None None
Dry Bushels Crop Trade Moisture Enter correct value Use Default of 14%
Dry Crop Trading
Enter correct value Use Defaults
Weight

After determining if the Wet Bushels, Dry Bushels or Acres are not correct, check the
appropriate sensors, setup and calibrations.

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System Operations – Yield Monitor

Are the Sensors working?


Feeder Position Sensor

Look at the Status/Warning Icon Area in the


upper-left corner of the display.

Raise and lower the Header.

A gray arrow should point UP when the


header is above the Maximum Working
Height, and a green arrow should point
DOWN when the header is below the
Maximum Working Height.

Navigate to TOOLBOX > HEADER


(COMBINE SETUP > HEADER in v16.*
software)

Select the desired Crop Type, then select the


Max Working Ht window.

The black bar graph indicator should move up


and down with the header.

Is there a vertical line across the height bar


graph? This marks the current Maximum
Working Height.

Raise or lower the header to the height where


acre-counting should turn on and off. Press
the “Cal” button to set the new Maximum
Working Height or press the “X” in the upper
right corner of the popup window to close the
window without making changes.

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System Operations – Yield Monitor

Are the Sensors working?


Elevator Speed Sensor

RUN > RUN*

Find Elevator Speed on any RUN screen. If


the Elevator Speed window is not on any
RUN screen, navigate to TOOLBOX >
LAYOUT, and add the Elevator Speed
window to the desired RUN screen or to the
Left Hand Area.

Engage the separator.


The elevator speed should move up and
down with the throttle. Normal speed at full
throttle is approximately 430 RPM.

Does the elevator speed stay the same when


the throttle is increased and decreased?

Does the elevator speed go to 600 and stay


there at high idle?

Does the elevator speed stay at zero no


matter what the throttle position?

If YES to any of the above, see Sensor


Troubleshooting.

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System Operations – Yield Monitor

Are the Sensors working?


Ground Speed Sensor

RUN > RUN*

Find Ground Speed on any RUN screen or in


the Left Hand Area. If the Ground Speed
window is not visible, navigate to TOOLBOX
> LAYOUT, and add the Ground Speed
window to the desired RUN screen or the Left
Hand Area.

Does ground speed change as the combine is


driven around?

IF NO, see Sensor Troubleshooting.

REMEMBER: “Wheel” and “GPS” are


the supported ground speed sources
for 88 Series combines. Radar is not
supported.

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System Operations – Yield Monitor

Are the Sensors working?


Moisture Sensor

RUN > RUN*

Find Moisture and Moisture Mode on any


RUN screen or in the Left Hand Area. If
these windows are not visible, navigate to
TOOLBOX > LAYOUT, and add the windows
to the desired RUN screen or to the Left Hand
Area.

Is the moisture sensor reading fluctuating


while harvesting? The reading should be
constantly changing while harvesting. If the
moisture reading is not fluctuating, the system
may be in “Manual” moisture mode, the
sensor may need to be cleaned, or the
bypass motor function may need to be
checked.

Does the moisture stay constant while


harvesting? If YES, make sure Moisture
Mode is set to “Auto”, not “Manual”.

If no change, see Sensor Troubleshooting

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ADVANCED FARMING SYSTEMS

System Operations – Yield Monitor

Are the Sensors working?


Temperature Sensor

RUN > RUN*

Find Temperature on any RUN screen or in


the Left Hand Area. If this window is not
visible, navigate to TOOLBOX > LAYOUT,
and add the window to the desired RUN
screen or to the Left Hand Area.

Is the Temperature display “-----”?


A “-----” reading during normal operating air
temperatures indicates an open circuit.

Does the Temperature value change when


your finger or an ice cube is placed on the
temperature sensor?

If NO, see Sensor Troubleshooting.

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ADVANCED FARMING SYSTEMS

System Operations – Yield Monitor

Are the Sensors working?


Grain Flow Sensor

RUN > RUN*

Find Weight, Wet on any RUN screen or in


the Left Hand Area. If this window is not
visible, navigate to TOOLBOX > LAYOUT,
and add the window to the desired RUN
screen or to the Left Hand Area.

Do pounds accumulate while harvesting?

If NO, see Sensor Troubleshooting.

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System Operations – Yield Monitor

Is GPS Working?
Has GPS been physically installed on the
combine?

Has the AFS Pro 600 been configured to


know that a receiver is installed? Navigate to
TOOLBOX > GPS, and make sure that the
correct GPS Location is selected.

The pick list in the GPS Location window is


determined by the Current Vehicle
(TOOLBOX > DISP) and the Display Defaults
software. (If the Display Defaults software is
not installed in the display, the only options in
the GPS Location pick list will be “Not
Installed” and “Custom”.) Display Defaults
software provides additional mounting
locations based on the vehicle type/model,
and automatically fills in the receiver offsets.

Is the proper source of GPS selected? CAN-


A, CAN-B, RS232-A, or RS232-B.

CAN-A: Not used for 88 Series combines

CAN-B: Use for factory-installed receivers or


when connecting CAN-capable receivers to
the secondary CAN bus.

RS232-A: Use for serial GPS receivers


connected to the 10-pin Metripack connector
in the Fuse and Relay Panel.

RS232-B: Use for serial GPS receivers


connected to the 9-pin connector on the
bottom of the AFS Pro 600 display.

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ADVANCED FARMING SYSTEMS

System Operations – Yield Monitor

Is GPS Working?

RUN > RUN*

Find GPS Altitude, GPS Latitude, and GPS


Longitude on any RUN screen or in the Left
Hand Area. If these windows are not visible,
navigate to TOOLBOX > LAYOUT, and add
the windows to the desired RUN screen or to
the Left Hand Area.

Monitor these values while operating the


combine. They should change as the
combine moves. Do they?

If NO, monitor the receiver status using


DIAGNOSTICS > GPS, DIAGNOSTICS >
GPS2, and/or DIAGNOSTICS > RDI.

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System Operations – Yield Monitor

Is GPS Working?
DIAGNOSTICS > GPS

If the GPS tab is grayed out and cannot be


activated, ensure that the GPS Location is
set correctly (TOOLBOX > GPS).

The screen at right shows NO signal. Check


that the receiver is installed, wired correctly
and is receiving power and ground, and that
the Pro 600 has been correctly configured to
recognize the GPS signal (TOOLBOX >
GPS).

GPS Status should be DGPS-n (or GPS-n if


no differential correction is used), where “n” is
the number of satellites being tracked.

PDOP values should be low (less than 3).


High values do not prevent the signal from
being used, but they do indicate that the
signal is less accurate.

The AFS Pro 600 will autoconfigure any CNH


receiver on power-up. To verify port settings
(used for RS232 communication only) or to
check any other receiver settings, navigate to
DIAGNOSTICS > RDI. This screen provides
an interface directly to the receiver internal
navigation menus, and can be used only with
CNH receivers. The RDI tab will be grayed
out and inactive if no receiver or a competitive
receiver is installed.

You can use the RDI screen instead of


connecting to the receiver with AgRemote
(GPSRemote) on a laptop computer.

System Operations – Yield Monitor

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Setup and Calibration


If it has been determined that the system is operating but not accurately, use the following
guide to help lead you to the setups and calibrations that need to be checked for each part of
the yield equation. Remember that Yield is Bushels per Acre. Split the equation into its
component parts. Are the Bushels right? Are the Acres right?

Incorrect Wet Bushels

Mechanically, is the combine set up properly?

Inspect the impact plate. Make sure it is


intact and that the Allen screws are snug.

Make sure the Elevator Speed Sensor is


operating properly.

Is the Grain Flow Sensor set up properly?


Navigate to TOOLBOX > YIELD, and ensure
that “Yield + Moisture” is selected in the
Yield/Moisture window.

With the 4-pin flow sensor connector (C-250)


connected and the keyswitch in the ON
position, does the LED on the flow sensor
flash at approximately 1hz (1 flash per
second)?

If NO, see Sensor Troubleshooting.

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ADVANCED FARMING SYSTEMS

System Operations – Yield Monitor

Setup and Calibration


Incorrect Wet Bushels

Has the grain flow sensor been Calibrated


properly? Ask the operator. At least 4 Tasks
at different crop flow rates? Were all the
Tasks at least 3,000 lbs.? Were all the Tasks
about the same size (within 5%)? Did any of
the Tasks have obvious moisture problems?

CALIBRATION > MOISTURE


CALIBRATION > YIELDA
For this crop type, have at least 3 Tasks been
included for calibration?

Check the “%Error”. Do any current


calibration Tasks have a %Error greater than
10%?

CALIBRATION > CROP


Is the Crop Trade Weight correct for this Crop
Type? This is the usual and customary
weight per bushel used to calculate the
number of bushels from a gross weight.

Remember that calibrations apply ONLY to


data collected AFTER calibration, unless
calibrations are applied to previous Tasks in
DATA MANAGEMENT > APPLY.

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ADVANCED FARMING SYSTEMS

System Operations – Yield Monitor

Setup and Calibration


Incorrect Dry Bushels

Make sure the wet bushels are correct first.


Dry bushels are a temperature and moisture
correction from wet bushels.

Is the temperature sensor working properly?


Compare the Temperature value on any
RUN screen to a known-good temperature
device.

If they aren’t reasonably close, see Sensor


Troubleshooting.
NOTE: It is normal for the display
Temperature value to be +/-10 degrees
different from a known-good temperature
device. As long as the moisture sensor is
calibrated accurately, a precise measured
temperature is not important.

Is the moisture sensor calibrated properly for


this Crop Type? Ask the operator, then verify.

Make sure the Moisture Mode is set to


“Auto”.

CALIBRATION > CROP

Is the Crop Trade Moisture % correct?

This is the moisture percentage that is


considered “dry” for the selected Crop Type.
The system will “shrink” the wet bushels from
the measured moisture to this % moisture.

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System Operations – Yield Monitor

Setup and Calibration


Incorrect Acres

Make sure the Feeder Position Sensor is


functioning properly. If the sensor is not
correctly signaling the feeder position, area
counting will not turn on and off correctly.

TOOLBOX > COMBINE (COMBINE SETUP >


COMBINE in v16.* software)
Has the correct Speed Sensor Type been
selected?

CALIBRATION > DIST CAL


If “Wheel” is selected as the ground speed
source, is the Ground Speed Sensor
calibrated correctly? Ask the operator, then
verify.

This is typically a one-time calibration.


However, if field conditions change
significantly, or if the physical vehicle
configuration changes (different tires, different
tire pressure, etc.), a new Distance
Calibration may be required.

TOOLBOX > HEADER (COMBINE SETUP >


HEADER in v16.* software)
Has the proper Header Type and Target
Work Width (rows or feet/meters) been
selected and set up for this Crop Type?

Ensure that the Maximum Working Height


(TOOLBOX > HEADER (COMBINE SETUP >
HEADER for v16.* software)) has been set.

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System Operations – Yield Monitor

Setup and Calibration


Incorrect Acres

Is the operator cutting the same number of


rows or width as the Work Width (RUN >
RUN*)? If not, adjust the Work Width to
match actual cutting width.

If the operator is consistently cutting less or


more than the Target Work Width
(TOOLBOX > HEADER (COMBINE SETUP >
HEADER in v16.* software)), it probably
makes sense to adjust the Target Work
Width to match the actual cutting width.

Is the Area Control (RUN > RUN*) window


set to “On” or “Off”? If set to “Off”, the system
will not accumulate acres.

If the Field area is still incorrect, use the Area


Calibration (CALIBRATION > AREA) to
correct the Field area. This can compensate
for an operator who is slow to raise or lower
the header at the end or beginning of each
swath.

Be sure that the acre value entered in this


screen is the area for the entire Field, not just
the current Task. Area Calibration must be
completed for each Field that needs to be
corrected. Correcting one Field area does not
affect any other Fields’ areas.

The calibrated area will be used when data is


archived into the desktop software.

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88 Series Axial-Flow Combines 12/2010
81 - 74

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