MSMS501 Music Research

Methodology
KARNYUPHA JITTIVADHNA , PH.D.
COLLEGE OF MUSIC
MAHIDOL UNIVERSITY
 Week 7

AUGUST 25, 2020

 Overview for This Week

 Academic writing and citation (APA

style – in text reference, reference list)
 Outline of a Thematic Paper

 Chapter I Introduction - Background of the project,

previous studies, purpose statement, objectives, scope
Chapter II Literature Review - Discussion of literature
that already exists pertaining to the topic
 Chapter III Methodology - Discussion of the procedure for
doing the research
 Chapter IV Results – Findings of research
 Chapter V Conclusion and Recommendation –
Discussion of the results of research, ideas of how to apply the
research
 References/ Bibliography

http://www.grad.mahidol.ac.th/thesis/
 Outline of a Master’s Project Proposal

 Chapter I Introduction - Background of the project,

previous studies, purpose statement, objectives, scope
 Chapter II Literature Review - Discussion of literature
that already exists pertaining to the topic
 Chapter III Methodology - Discussion of the procedure for
doing the research
 References/ Bibliography

http://www.grad.mahidol.ac.th/thesis/
 APA Citation

 This handout is based on the 7th edition

of the Publication Manual of the
American Psychological Association
(APA).
 Citations in the Text

 One work by one author

 Works by multiple authors
 Works by no identified authors
 Two or more works in the same
parenthetical citation
 Specific parts of a source
 One Work by One Author

 In one developmental study (Smith,

1990), music students learned…
 In the study by Smith (1990), music
students…
 In 1990, Smith’s study of music
students…
 Works by Two Authors

 When a work has 2 authors cite both

names every time you reference the work
in the text.
Trump and Damon (2019) state that…
In 2019, Trump and Damon state
that…
Research suggests that….. (Trump &
Damon, 2019).
 Works by Multiple Authors

 When 3 or more authors, cite only

the name of the first author followed by
et al. and the year.
Andrade et al. (2003) state that…
Works by No Identified Authors

 When a resource has no named author,

cite the first few words of the reference
entry (usually the title).
 Use double quotation marks around the
title of an article, chapter, or Web page.
The site seemed to indicate support for
handicapped students (“Instructional Support,”
2016).
 Two or more works in the same
parenthetical citation

 Citations of two or more works in the

same parentheses should be listed in the
order that appear in the references list
(Alphabetically, then chronologically).
Several studies (Jones & Powell, 1993;
Peterson, 1995; 1998; Smith, 1990)
suggest that…
 Specific Parts of a Source

 Always gives the page number for

quotations or to indicate information from
a specific table, chart, chapter, or page.
 The word page is abbreviated but not
chapter.
The composition was assumed to be by
Beethoven (Pellegrino, 1999, Chapter 6),
but later analysis showed it to be forgery
(Jones, 2003, p. 89).
 Citation in a Reference List

 Depending on the types of sources you

used for your study, the structure for
each citation may look different.
 Types of Sources

 Journal articles found in  CD recordings

print/ online  YouTube videos
 Theses or dissertations in  Broadcasts
print/ online
 Music scores
 Print books/ E-books
 Films
 Websites with an author
 Photographs
 Website without an author
 Encyclopedia article
 Magazine articles in print/
 Blog post
online
 Facebook
 Newspaper article in
print/ online  Twitter tweet
 Etc.
APA Citation Style: Reference List

 Journal article in print– References to

periodical articles must include the
following elements:
Author(s). (Year of publication).
Article title. Journal name, volume
number(issue number), page range.
Journal article (print), one author

 Riley, M.C. (2010). Portrait of a

nineteenth-century school music
program. Journal of Research in Music
Education, 38(2), 79-89.
 Journal article (print), more than two authors

 Daugherty, J.F., Manternach, J.N., &

Price, K.K. (2011). Student voice use
and vocal health during an all-state
chorus event. Journal of Research in
Music Education, 58(4), 346-367.
 Journal Article (online)

 Byo, J. L. (1997). The effects of texture

and number of parts on the ability of
music majors to detect performance
errors. Journal of Research in Music
Education, 45, 51–66. https://doi.org/
10.2307/3345465
 Theses/ Dissertations (print)

 Bullock, M. (2009). Intraprofessional

relations in teaching: A case study
(Unpublished doctoral dissertation*).
University of Sydney, Australia.

*Master’s thesis
 Thesis/ Dissertation (database)

 Behrmann, C. (2010). A stylistic analysis of

three flute pieces by David Froom:
Circling for flute and clarinet, To Dance to
the Whistling Wind for solo flute, and
Lightscapes for flute and piano (Doctoral
dissertation). Available from ProQuest
Theses and Dissertation database. (Record
No. 3432045).
 Books

 Lehmann, A. C., Sloboda, J. A., & Woody, R. H.

(2007). Psychology for musicians:
Understanding and acquiring the skills.
Oxford University Press.
 Niemann, S., Greenstein, D., & David, D.
(2004). Helping children who are deaf: Family
and community support for children who do
not hear well. http://www.hesperian.org/
publications_download_deaf.php
 Website, with an author

 Frostik, R., Bance, L., Lamont, A., Jones, R., Davies,

L., & Phillips, A. (2019, November 14). Child
Development Chart. BBC parent’s music room.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/music/parents/yourchild/
childdev_chart.shtml.
 Website, without an author

 Why is music education in schools important.

(2020, April 16). https://theinspiredclassroom.
com/2017/05/why-is-music-education-in-schools-
important.
 Score

 Scott, C. (2013). C minor waltz: For

jazz quintet [Score]. Sydney, Australia:
Craig Scott
 CD Recording

 Kelly, P. (1997). From little things big

things grow. On Songs from the south:
Paul Kelly’s greatest hits [CD].
Melbourne, Australia: Mushroom
Records.
 YouTube

 Rudd, K. (2019, September 29). Update

on new G20 arrangements [Video file].
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i8I
dJ-0S5rs
Chicago Notes and Bibliography System

 A superscript number in the text and

corresponding footnote
1. Talis Gzibovskis and Mara Marnauza,
“Development of Young Adults’ Fine Motor Skills
When Learning to Play Percussion Instruments,”
Music Education Research 14, no. 3 (2012): 366.
 A bibliography
Gzibovskis, Talis and Mara Marnauza. “Development
of Young Adults’ Fine Motor Skills When Learning to
Play Percussion Instruments.” Music Education
Research 14, no. 3 (2012): 365-380.
 Chicago Notes

 Footnotes will be added at the end of the

page on which the source is referenced.
 The first note citing a particular source
must include the full citation.
 Later notes citing the same source need
only include the author’s last name, a
shortened form of the title, and page
number(s).
 Chicago Notes

 The use of ibid. is now discouraged in

favor of shorten footnote citations.
 To avoid repetition, the shortened title
that has just been cited may be left out
from subsequent notes.
 Chicago Notes Example

1. Harald Jorgensen, “Instrumental

Performance Expertise and Amount of
Practice among Instrumental Students in
a Conservatoire,” Music Education
Research 4, no. 1 (2002): 106.
8. Jorgensen, “Performance Expertise
and Practice,” 107.
13. Jorgensen, 107.
 Introduction Section -Example

 Title: Effects of a preparatory singing pattern on

melodic dictation success
 Background information: Importance and focus of
melodic dictation, and 3 preparatory strategies
 Discussion of known literature: Results from
different studies about the effectiveness of each three
strategies.
 Gap of knowledge/ problem issue: Systematic
investigation of effects of these approaches on
students’ dictation performance is missing in the
literature.
 Introduction Section -Example

 Purpose: To investigate effects of a

preparatory contextual singing pattern on
melodic dictations scores of undergraduate
music majors.
 Objective/ Research question: Does singing a
solfege pattern in the key, meter, and tempo
of a dictation melody, just prior to hearing
that melody, improve dictation scores?
Introduction Section -Example

Scope of study:
 Study design: Quantitative-experimental
study involving 49 Yrs 2, 3, 4 music
education majors at a large university
 Sample recruiting method: Purposeful/
convenient?
 Introduction Section -Example

Scope of study:
 Inclusion criteria: Students who had passed at least
the first two semesters of music theory (familiar with
melodic dictation and posed the notation skills), must
not have an absolute pitch.
 Procedures: Three experimental conditions (1) sing a
movable-do of the preparatory pattern, (2) keep
silently prior to dictation, (3) take dictation
immediately
 Research tools: Performance testing instrument
(audio files, answer sheet), grading criteria
 MSMS501 Class Calendar

Week Date Remarks

8 25 August 2020 Academic writing and citation
9 1 September 2020 Student Presentation
10 8 September 2020 Student Presentation
11 15 September 2020 Student Presentation
12 22 September 2020 Student Presentation
13 29 September 2020 Work on your research proposal
14 6 October 2020 Commencement Day – No Class,
Self Study
15 13 October 2020 National Holiday – No Class,
Self study, Project Proposal Due
 Your Project Title

YOUR NAME
PROGRAM OF STUDY
COLLEGE OF MUSIC, MAHIDOL UNIVERSITY
 Background Information

 State in lay terms the general

knowledge or significance of the topic
 Use bulleted phrases to separate ideas.
 Avoid complete sentences.
 Use six or seven lines per visual.
 Discussion of Known literature

 Review research studies that concern

your topic.
 Gap of knowledge and Problem Issue

 What knowledge about the topic are

missing from literature.
 Purpose Statement

Based on the gap of knowledge or

identified problem issue:
 Say what you want to know about the
topic and how the knowledge gain be
used.
 Objective(s)

 Specify a particular domain of study,

detailing the exact factors/ variables/
characteristics/ phenomenon that will
be studied.
 Scope of Study

 Study design (research type and data

collection method)
 Sample recruiting method
(Purposeful or random)
 Inclusion criteria (characteristics
that sample group must meet)
 Scope of Study

 Data collection procedures (Step-

by-step)
 Research tools (Document/
materials/ equipment)
 References/ Bibliography

 Use APA style citation for a reference

list
 Or use Chicago style citation for
bibliography
 Guidelines for Your Presentation

 Each student will give a 20-min

PowerPoint presentation.
 This will include question and
discussion time after the presentation.
 Each student audience should ask at
least one question during the
presentations or Q&A sessions.
 Student Presenters (September 1, 2020)

1. Mr. Xu Chen
2. Mr. Rovel Salibio
3. นายสหรัชต์ วรศะริ น
4. นายปองณัฐ จัน
่ จารัส
 Student Presenters (September 8, 2020)

5. นายสุ รเชษฐ์ วงษ์แย้ม

6. Ms. Xiaoyan Lu
7. Ms. Yao Jia Yi Yang
8. นายรดิศ โตวงค์
 Student Presenters (September 15, 2020)

9. นายธนัท วงศ์สุนทร
10. นายธนพล ดุริยรัตนทัต
11. Mr. Sheng Zhong
12. Ms. Su Kyoung Oh
 Student Presenters (September 22, 2020)

13. Mr. Kaiwen Xiao

14. Mr. Huang Junjie
15. Ms. Yuxuan Chen