Diseño de Plantas Químicas

Docente Camilo Monroy Peña

sPhD Msc Ing. Químico
 OPEN SIMULATION FILE

Propylene-Propane Splitter

C:\Program Files (x86)\AspenTech\Aspen HYSYS

V10.0\Samples

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What is the capacity of TK-102?

How many tank do you need?

How many days do you storage?

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H= tray Spacing*n*1.2
H= 2ft*47*1.2=113 ft

∆𝑃 = 𝜌 ∗ 𝑔 ∗ 𝐻

𝑆 ∗ 𝐻 𝑓𝑡
∆𝑃 𝑝𝑠𝑖 = = 23 𝑝𝑠𝑖
2.31

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Distance between
pump to tank
L=120 m

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 PRELIMINARY PUMP TYPE SELECTION

Based on
• Capacity (Q)
• Differential Head
or Pressure
(DP = rho * g * DH)
Results
• Horizontal Centrifugal
(>90% applications)
• Vertical
• Positive Displacement

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PRELIMINARY PUMP TYPE SELECTION

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 TYPICAL APPLICATIONS

Horizontal Centrifugal Pumps:

• Open Circuit – Single Service (feed, transfer, ...)
• Open Circuit – Multiple Service (solvent, flushing oil,
service water, ...)
• Closed Loop (heat-transfer medium)
• Column Reflux
Vertical Pumps:
• geometry (closed drain, rain water lifting, seawater, ...)
• low NPSHA (product loading, …)
Positive Displacement Pumps
• Chemical dosing system, waste water treatment, …

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TYPICAL APPLICATIONS

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TYPICAL APPLICATIONS

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TYPICAL APPLICATIONS

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 EQUIPMENT SPARING

Pumps in continuous service: N + 1 basis

- One 100% capacity pump operating + one 100% capacity
pump spare (typically)
- Two 50% capacity pumps operating + one 50% capacity pump
spare (due to pump capacity limitation or service criticality)
- Three 33% capacity pumps operating + one 33% capacity
pump spare (due to pump capacity limitation or service criticality)
Pumps in discontinuous or intermittent service: N basis (one
spare could be kept in warehouse and could be a common
spare)

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 DESIGN CASE AND DESIGN MARGINS

• Pump Min Flow = H&MB Min flow or 50% of Normal flow (the
smaller)
• Normal flow = H&MB Norm flow
• Design flow = H&MB Max flow or 110% of normal flow (the
greater) - For some instances, take 120% (column reflux,
pump around, ...).
This Design Case is the one which requires the greatest capacity
(Q) and head (H); it assures that all other cases are
encompassed.

• Pump Min Flow = 1082 gpm

• Normal flow = 2165 gpm
• Design flow = 2600 gpm

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HYDRAULIC ANALYSIS

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HYDRAULIC ANALYSIS

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HYDRAULIC ANALYSIS

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HYDRAULIC ANALYSIS

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 THE ROLE OF THE CONTROL VALVE

If the suction vessel pressure and the discharge vessel pressure

are not interdependent (e.g. open circuit), the DP at the design
flow rate can be taken as the greater between:
• 0.7 bar (or 0.7 kg/cm2) and
• 5% of the discharge vessel pressure.
If the suction vessel pressure and the discharge vessel pressure
are interdependent (e.g. column reflux), the DP at the design
flow rate can be taken as the greater between:
• 0.7 bar (or 0.7 kg/cm2) and
• 10% of the pressure drop of the whole circuit.

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 CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS: NPSH

NPSH stands for Net Positive Suction Head

NPSHA is the minimum total suction absolute head, at the
suction nozzle, minus the liquid vapor absolute pressure head, at
flowing temperature, required to avoid cavitation.

𝑃𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑘 – 𝑃𝑠𝑎𝑡 𝑇
𝑁𝑃𝑆𝐻𝐴 = + ℎ − ℎ𝐿
𝜌. 𝑔

𝑁𝑃𝑆𝐻𝑅 = 0+? ? −? ?

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 CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS: NPSH

𝑁𝑃𝑆𝐻𝐴 =? ? −0.1131𝑘𝑃𝑎 ∗ 3𝑚

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 CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS: NPSH

𝑁𝑃𝑆𝐻𝐴 =? ? −0.1131𝑘𝑃𝑎 ∗ 3𝑚

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 CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS: NPSH

𝑁𝑃𝑆𝐻𝐴 =? ? −0.1131𝑘𝑃𝑎 ∗ 3𝑚 = 6𝑚 + 0.5𝑚

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 CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS: NPSH

NPSHA is the total suction absolute head, at the suction nozzle,

minus the liquid vapor absolute pressure head, at flowing temperature,
available for a specific application.

NPSHA depends on the system characteristics, liquid properties

and operating conditions.

There should always be sufficient margin between NPSHA and NPSHR

for the pump to work properly, without cavitation, throughout its
expected capacity range.

Note that the specified NPSHA on the datasheet shall always include
a 0.5m process margin with respect to the NPSHA calculated.

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EQUIVALENT LENGTH

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EQUIVALENT LENGTH

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COMPRESORS

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 INTRODUCTION

 The Compressor elevates the pressure

of gas sufficiently to overcome process
pressure drops.

28 Compressors
 DIFFERENCES BETWEEN FANS, BLOWERS AND
COMPRESSORS

 Fans, blowers and compressors are differentiated by the method used to move
the air, and by the system pressure they must operate against. As per American
Society of Mechanical Engineers(ASME) the specific ratio – the ratio of the
discharge pressure over the suction pressure – issued for defining the fans,
blowers and compressors

Equipment Specific Ratio Pressure rise (psig)

Fan Up to 1.11 1.6
Blower 1.11 to 1.20 1.6 - 2.9
Compressor more than 1.20 -

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Compressors
 COMPRESSION THERMODYNAMICS

 If n=1, no temperature change.

 If n = k, reversible process (100%

efficient).

 If n > k, it is considered changes in gas

characteristics during compression.

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Compressors
 COMPRESSORS CLASSIFICATION

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Compressors
 COMPRESSORS PRELIMINARY SELECTION

Based on the following

conditions:

 Inlet flow.

 Discharge pressure.

 Analogy of service with

existing references

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Compressors
 MAIN COMPRESSOR TYPES

 Centrifugal Compressors
 Low difference in head
(differential pressure) for wide
range of volumetric flow.
 Horizontal curve tendency.

 Reciprocating Compressors
 High difference in head for
narrow range of volumetric flow.
 Vertical curve tendency.

 Axial Compressors
 Intermediate behavior.
 Ideal for low head and large flow
requirements.

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Compressors
 EXAMPLE

We required compress gas of 14,7 psia to 1200 psia

How many compressors do we have?

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 EXAMPLE

1? What is pressure compressor ratio?

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 EXAMPLE

2? What is pressure compressor ratio?

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 EXAMPLE

2? What is pressure compressor ratio?

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 EXAMPLE

3? What is pressure compressor ratio?

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 CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSORS

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Compressors
 CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSORS
 Affinity laws are useful for estimate performance of a specific centrifugal
compressor at different operational conditions:

 Q: Capacity
 N: Impeller velocity
 H: Total head
 BHP: Break horse power
 D: Impeller diameter

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Compressors
 CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSORS

 Dynamic Type Compressor:

 Conversion of kinetic energy (velocity) in to
potential energy (pressure) . Rotating
movement.

 Operating regimes:
 Stable
 When volumetric flow is increasing, head is
decreasing gradually.
 Surge
 At low flow, unstable operation, high vibrations,
possible machine destruction.
 Flow declines to a level insufficient to support
the head developed.
 Stonewall
 At high flow, poor efficiency, rapidly decreasing
of developed head.
 Choked flow, gas velocity close to sonic
velocity.

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Compressors
 CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSORS

 Suction throttling pressure control

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Compressors
 CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSORS

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Compressors
 CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSORS

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Compressors
 CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSORS

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Compressors
 CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSORS

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Compressors
 CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSORS

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Compressors
 CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSORS

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Compressors
 RECIPROCATING
COMPRESSORS

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Compressors
 RECIPROCATING
COMPRESSORS

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Compressors