Professional Documents
Culture Documents
10 တန်း Myanmar Sar Short Note
10 တန်း Myanmar Sar Short Note
10 တန်း Myanmar Sar Short Note
aeol&def OD;rif;Edkif
zdk;0ZD& (tw¦KyÜw)Åd jynfaxmifpktuya'om? aoG;csif;wdkUaysmfonfhajr? ,Ofaus;rIrw d fquf?
aps;csdKol? ysdKUawmifNyHK;? 0g0g0if; (tcspfESihv f lrIjyKjyifa&;0w¦K) &cdkifyHkjyif? &cdkifaw;oH? yef;q,frsdK; (yJ?wdrf?wOf;?awmh?armh?&ef?yk?yGwf?csD?,Gef;)
olykeBf uD;? olyek fUtdr?f wdkUarar? tusdK;aqmifBuD; (ZmwdrmefvHIUaqmfa&;0w¦K) OD;,m
ppfxGufol (pmqdkawmfe0a'; tw¦KyÜwÅdtajccH-ordki;f aemufcH0w¦K) rif;eefysdKU? q,fESpf&moDvl;wm;? o*Fg,emwiftefcsif;?
r[maqG(0w¦K) (trsm;qH;k oH;k )? rGef;aomfwm ([mo0w¦kK)? aeol&def (EdkifiaH &;aqmif;yg;) OD;MuifO
aomfwmaqG a0óEÅ&mjyZmwf? ra[mfjyZmwf? (a'0ukrÇPf?ygy[de?f 0uFEÅ? umvuPÖD)
uRefawmfb0ZmwfaMumif; (ud, k fwkdiaf &;tw¦KyÜw)Åd xDvmppfol
b0xdkxdk 0w¦Kwdak ygif;csKyf (pmayAdrmefqk) jrykvJoG,f (0w¦K)? rJacgifjrpfrStdk&Guf0g (uAsm&Snf)?
owÅ0gwdkU\oHo&m 0w¦Kwdkaygif;csKyf (tEkynmpmayqk) 20 &mpk? jrefrmpmqdk jrefrmuAsmusrf; (xif&mS ;ausmfMum;cJh)?trsdK;om;pmayqk&&SdcJh
þavmuajrr[D0,f 0w¦Kwdkaygif;csKyf (trsdK;om;pmayqk) OD;wdk;
a&TOa'gif; aus;apppfcsD&wkrsm;? ppfukdi;f rif;{csif;? &dk;awmf,l{csif;? ewf&Siaf emif&wk
pHkaxmufarmifpH&Sm;? *sr'gudkukdBuD;? ½lyeE´D ½lyuvsmPD? olawmfpdef (rSDNidrf;jyK0w¦K) wdkufpdk;
&wemodkuf? arQmfwvifhvifh? ol&aJ umif;oH;k a,muf? aoG;pkyaf jr (bmomjyef0w¦K) rif;ESifhpmqkd? trsdK;om;ynm0efO;D zdk;usm;? rif;wkef;rif;? arSmfbDq&modef;? pmud;k
wpfoufwmrSwfwrf; ESifh tawG;tac:rsm; (pmayAdrmef okwya'omqk) pum;udk;?? Ak'¨bmomtEkynmed'gef;? r*Fvmygq&mr? wdkufpk;d pmwdek efefefU
arQmfwvifhvifh - aoG;pkyfajr (pmayAdrmef bmomjyefqk) OD;azarmifwif
&efBuD;atmif (yxrqHk; 0w¦K) jrefrmpmayordki;f ? jrefrm0guszGJuxHk;usrf;? jrefrmausmufpmusrf;?
wuúodkvfarmifoefUpif bmomavmuusrf;? jrefrm0w¦Kordkif;tpESihfokawoepmwrf;rsm;
yk*aH usmufpmvufa&G;pif? ppfwuúodkvfo;Hk uAsmvufa&G;pif pmqdkwdkUi,fpOfuynmoif,lchaJ omausmif;ESifhq&m
v,fwDy@dwOD;armifBuD; OD;Mobmo - rif;yl;NrKd Uavomausmif;q&mawmf
cifjrifhBuD;? oef;oef; (0w¦K)? pmPuseDwd? eDwdrmvm? eDwdrOÆ&D (usrf;) OD;ykn -pavNrdKUrcifMuD;pESihfwlarmifq&mawmfO;D 'Dy?tr&yl&NrdKUAef;armfq&mawmf
wyifa&TxD; - ewf&Siaf emfi (&mZif 0w¦K) OD;zdk;usm; - edAmÁ ef&mG OD;omoeausmif;?
trsdK;om;ynm0efOD;zdk;usm; ykodrNf rdKUwdkifwpf&mausmif;rS t*Fvdyf-jrefrm (10)wef;atmif? ,k'oefaumvdyf
OD;xGe;f &SdeEf SifhO;D nDykwdkU\tw¦KyÜwÅdrsm;? acwfrjD refrm&mZ0iftusOf;csKyf? ig;&mh odyÜHarmif0 - armfvNrdKifNrdKU? rkyGef&yf? q&mOD;cspfvSausmif;
ig;q,faumufEkwfcsuf? ayg&mPtbd"mef? ykodrf&mZ0if? udk,fawGU0w¦Krsm;? v,fwDy@dwOD;armifBuD; - anmifjzLyif&Gm bke;f awmfBuD;ausmif;
a&onfjyZmwfESihf0Zd ,jyZmwf (wnf;jzwf) acwfpum;ajya&SUaqmifwpfOD;? v,fwDq&mawmfBuD;(ygVdpmay?uAsmvuFm)?0dok'¨g½kHq&mawmfBuD;(ouúwpmay)
ausmif;om;BuD;b0uyif pmayrsm;pwifa&;om; &Sifr[m&|om& - 0&puúygvrax&fESifhoD[kdVaf &mufq&mawmfBuD;
q&maZmf*sD rif;yl;q&mawmfOD;Mobmo - pE´urk m&Zmwfawmfudk pwifa&;om;cJh
ocifudk,fawmfrdIif#u D m? odef;ESifhusm;#Dum? yavwdked'gef; ]]aw? Z? ok? ae? r? bl? pef? em? 0d? a0}} ZmwfBuD;q,fbUGJ (ok0PÖomrESifh
&opmayed'ef;? &opmaytzGih?f bl&d'wf- ra&;cJh)
eifvm;[Jhcspf'ku©EiS fhtjcm;0w¦Kwdkrsm;? vrf;opfESifhtjcm;0w¦Kwdkrsm; q&mawmf\a0óEÅ&mZmwfawmfBuD;rSmaESif;vlwkdUpHxm;&aompum;ajyjzpfcJh
r[mqefcsifol (jyZmwf)? rdk;Mu,frdkUvm; (Ekdb,fqk&0w¦Kwdkrsm;ud-k bmomjyef) trsdK;om;aeU - trsdK;om;aeUay:aygufvmyHk? trsdK;om;aeUta&;ygyHkwdkUudk
ol&d,uEÅd (q&m0efbGJU) today;NyD; jrefrmtrsdK;om;wdkU pGefUpm;tepfemcHyHkudkoad pvdkaom &nf
apwemrGef0w¦K? 0w¦Ka&;vdak omf(pmayAdrmefqk)? usef;rma&;ynmay;aqmif;yg;rsm; &G,fcsuf
odyÜHarmif0\uavmiftrnf
odyÜHausmif;om; armifjroGi?f ywÅjrm;ausmufp"D m; - ol&Jaumif;wdkU\av;pm;xdkufaom *kPf&nfudk
0ZD&mwifh (yxrqHk;uavmif)? wifarmifjrifh? armifoHacsmif;? aumvdyfcifcif odapvdak om&nf&G,fcsuf
0dZmÆ wef;-jrefrmpm*kPfxl;wef;wGi-f yxrqHk;ausmif;om;-yxrtqifhrSatmif edAmÁ efaqmf - t&kHPfwufcsdew
f GiMf um;&aom uvwufacgufoH?edAmÁ ef
EkdifiH0efxrf;ynmawmfoiftjzpf t*FvefEdkifiaH tmufpzdkUwuúodkvfokdUapvTwfcH& aqmf\EdI;aqmfoH? edAmÁ efaqmf\aMu;pnfoHwdkUonf ESpfoufMunfE;I zG,f
&nf&G,fcsufrsm; aumif;íav;pm;jrwfEdkf;zG,fjrefrm"avhtpOftvmjzpffaMumif;cHpm;odap
odCFoUl orD; - odCo F lUorD;\tvSLrSwfwrf;udak zmfjyvsuf yk*Hacwfpum;ajyta&; vdak om&nf&G,fcsuf
tom;udo k dapvdak om tdrfa&SUudk,fawmfBuD; - tdrfha&SUpHuaemifrif;om;BuD;\ rsdK;cspfpdwf"mwf
rdzk&m;zGm;apm - rdzk&m;zGm;apmtvSLrSwfwrf;udak zmfjyvsuf yk*Hacwfpum;ajyta&; ESifh Edik fiHtusdK;jyKvkyfief;rsm;udk azmffjyvdkaom&nf&G,fcsuf
tom;udo k dapvdk t&m&mwGifus,fwdkUvli,f - tm&Svli,fwdkU\trsm;tusdK;aqmifvdkaom
pD;csif;wduk fyGJ - av;pm;zG,af umif;aomol&Jaumif;wdkU\pdwfxm;ESifh t&nftcsif; tvkyfçvkyf&jcif;tay:*kPf,laom pdwfxm;tvSESifhvyk ftm;tvSrsm;udk
rsm;udk cs;D usL;wifjyvdkaom&nf&G,fcsuf azmfjyvdkaom&nf&G,fcsuf
OD;aygif;usm;ESifhjrif;usm;&Sif - tavmif;pnfolrif;BuD;onf tdkrif;aomfvnf; vQif jrefrmpmta&;tom;wd;k wufapenf; - jrefrmpmta&;tom;wd;k wufap
jrefzswfvwfpGm vIyf&Sm;EkdifyHk jrif;pD;uRrf;usifyHkwUdk udkazmfjyvdkaom&nf&G,fcsuf &eftwGuf vdkufemaqmif&GufzG,f&mrsm;udk vrf;nTefazmfjyvdkaom &nf&G,cf suf
rdcifaomu - om;orD;ESifhrawGU&aomaMumifh r'´Da'0Daomua&muf&yHkESifh
r'´Da'0D\rdcifarwÅmBuD;rm;yHk cGeftm;&Sdaompm - pum;ajyta&;tom;aumif;\vu©Pmrsm;udak zmfjy
aomEkwÅ&rkqdk;ESifhq'´efqifrif; - olawmfaumif;p½kdufESifhol,w k frmp½kdufukd vsufcGeftm;&Sdaompmonf rnfodkUaompmrsdK;jzpfaMumif; azmfjyvdkaom
EdIif;,SOfazmfjy&if; olawmfaumif;p½kdufudk av;pm;twk,lapvdkaom&nf&G,fcsuf &nf&G,fcsuf
ynmoifcgr½Su&f m - ynmoif&G,fvli,fwdkUtm; ynmoifMum;&mwGif vdkufem ae0ifjrifonf0a&Tjynf - jrefrmwdUk \ rif;aejynfjzpfcJhaom tif;0NrdKU\
aqmif&GufoifhonfwkUd udfk todynmay;vdak om&nf&G,fcsuf *kPf&nfrsm;udk azmfjyvdak om&nf&G,fcsuf
rdwqdk;&SifjyK - udkvdkeDacwfjrefrmaus;vufjynfolwkdU\tajctaeESifh jrefrm rSefuefjcif;ESifh&J&ifhjcif; - rSefuefjcif;eSifh&J&ifhjcif;oabmudkod&SdapNyD;
"avhtpOftvm jrefrmapwemudkazmfjyvdkaom&nf&G,fcsuf rrSefaomtrIukjd yKygu &J&ifhjcif;aysmufu, G fum aMumuf&GHUoltjzpfodkUa&muf&
wwfaMumif; azmfjyvdkaom&nf&G,fcsuf
jrefrmrI - yef;ESifhywfoufaom jrefrmrItaxGaxGudk azmfjyvdkjcif;ESifh jrefrmrIta&;ygyHkudk od&Sdapvdkjcif;
uAsmacgif;pOf a&;om;ol trsdK;tpm;(aumufEkwfcsuf) acwf ZmwdNrdKU?&Gm
1 a&TESifh,k;d rSm;yef;pum; trnfroda&S;pmqdk vuFm(odUk )tcsif;i,f yk*H
2 jrifpkdi;f a&Tjynf ig;pD;&SifausmfpGm umcsif; yif;,
3 0dZmÆ odyÜvlUudpö &Sirf [m&Xom& ysdKU (udk;cef;ysdKU) tif;0 tif;0NrdKU
4 aEGOD;umvjrLxaomtcg 0effBuD;ya'o&mZm wsmcsif; anmif&rf;
5 ppfrSmwpfrl awmifwGif;&SiNf idrf;r,f tdkifcsif; anmif&rf; awmifwGif;BuD;
6 bkef;ESifhuEH iS fha&ToZif OD;wdk; &uef (&mr&uef) ukef;abmif a&TbNdk rKdU(e+1)qD;awm&Gm
7 waygif;nSmusif OD;,m tJcsif; (q,fhEpS f&moDtJcsif;) ukef;abmif
8 XmeDjynfBu;D ua0;oESifh OD;MuifO nnf;csi;f (ya'omoDcsi;f ) ukef;abmif qifaygif0JNrdKU
9 awmifolBuD; zdk;olawmfO;D rif; 'Hk;csif; ukef;abmif rdw¦DvmNrKd UteD;?a&a0&Gm
10 aqmif&wkyGJ tcsKyfwef;q&maz av;csdK; ukef;abmif tif;0NrKdU
11 av;armifhpHausmif; OD;ykn aw;xyf (edAÁdE´bUGJ ) ukef;abmif pavNrdKU
12 tuRefwUdk v,faumufpdkuw f kef;u trnforda&S;pmqdk [efcsi;f (aus;vuf&dk;&maw;) ukef;abmif
13 oifaooGm;aomf aZmf*sD (OD;ode;f [ef) vuFm(ydawmufa&T0guAsmrsm;) udkvked D zsmyHkNrdKU
14 ol&Jaumif;oHk;a,mufESifhc&D;onf aiGwm&D (a':cif&D) vuFm(aiGwm&DuAsmaygif;csKyf) vGwfvyfa&; &efukefNrdKU
15 ESi;f udkjrifcdkuf aemif (OD;armifarmifvwf) vuFm(eufjzeftwGufvv S ufaqmif) vGwfvyfa&; pvif;NrdKU
16 tEkynmonf\tm;rmef xDvmppfol (OD;pkd;nGeUf ) vuFm(xDvmppfoluAsmaygif;csKyf) vGwfvyfa&; rdw¦DvmNrKd U?a&Tppfonf&Gm