B.E/B.

TECH DEGREE
EXAMINATIONS:
NOV/DEC- 2019
(Regulation 2015)
Fourth Semester
AERONAUTICAL
ENGINEERING
U15AET401:
AERODYNAMICS-I
Answer key
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21. Joukowski transformation symmetrical aerofil into circle
23.BLASIUS SOLUTION OVER A FLAT PLATE
This is called blasis solution over a flat plate.

24.THIN AIRFOIL THEORY

1. The basic premise of the theory is that for an airfoil in a uniform flow V∞, the airfoil can be replaced
by a vortex sheet along the chord line. The strength of the vortex sheet, γ(x) is determined by the
condition that the camber line must also be a streamline. This leads to the following singular integral
equation

Assumptions

1. Airfoil is assumed to be thin; it may be represented as a camber line.

2. Camber is assumed to be small, angle of incidence is small.
3. Flow is incompressible and in viscid.
4. The system of coordinates is assumed, such that X-axis is the chord and y-axis passes through
the leading edge of the aerofoil.
5. Camber line constitutes a vortex sheet of strength γ(x) represented as a vortex strength along the
chamber line.
26.Lifting flow over a circular cylinder
A lifting flow can be generated by adding a vortex to the flow about a cylinder just described.
The assumed positive direction for rotation is clockwise so take care when looking at the sign of induced
velocity components. The stream function and the velocity potential now become,

Consequently the velocity components will be,

Stagnation Points for a lifting circular cylinder

The stagnation points shown above are for the case when there is circulation imposed on
the cylinder is small was such that Γ<4πV∞a. However for larger values of circulation the
angle β, hence the position of the stagnation points will reach a limit of 90 o. This will occur
when Γ=4πV∞a. If the rotation is further increased the stagnation point will no longer be found
on the cylinder surface, but will move down into the flow and fluid will be entrained with the
rotating cylinder (d) as shown below.
Kutta-Joukowsky Theorem

The result derived above, namely, Lift=ρV∞Γ is a very general one and is valid for any closed body
placed in a uniform stream that is creating circulation.