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Lecture 5 PDF
Lecture 5 PDF
Parallel Lines
• To find out if the lines are parallel, even if the lines are
perpendicular to the FL, it is best to draw the 3rd view
• If it is required to get the lines parallel, then use one view,
draw the lines parallel and complete the 3rd view
10b. Parallel Lines
jH jH
bH bH
aH kH aH kH
H H
F F
kF kF aP kP
aP kP
aF aF
jF jF bP bP
bF bF jP jP
F P F P
10c. Intersecting Lines
bH
jH
• Intersecting lines bH
have one common eH
point between them aH kH
aH
• The projection of the
gH
points must be
aligned in adjacent
views H H
F F
• If they are, then the
lines are intersecting
gF gP
• If not, they are aP
aF kF aP
skewed bP
eF aF eP
bF jF
F P
bF
10c. Intersecting Lines
• Intersecting lines bH
have one common eH
point between them
aH
• The projection of the
gH
points must be
aligned in adjacent
views H
• If they are, then the F
lines are intersecting gF gP
aP
• If not, they are aF
skewed bP
eF eP
bF
F P
10c. Intersecting Lines
• Intersecting lines bH
have one common eH
point between them
aH
• The projection of the
gH
points must be
aligned in adjacent
views H
• If they are, then the F
lines are intersecting gF gP
aP
• If not, they are aF
skewed bP
eF eP
bF
F P
10c. Coincident lines
bH
aH
H
F
aP
aF
bP
bF
F P
10c. Coincident lines
dH
bH
cH
aH
H
F
cP
cF aP
aF dP
bP
dF
bF
F P
11. Location of a line
Locate a line // to a given line passing through a point
bH
sH
aH
H
F
aF sF
bF
11. Location of a line
Locate a line // to a given line passing through a point
jH
bH
sH
aH kH
H
F
kF
aF sF
jF
bF
12. True distance between 2 // lines
jH HA
bH
aH kH kA1=jA1
aA1=bA1
jA
bA A A1
kA
H aA
F
kF
Two auxiliary views
aF
jF
bF
12. True distance between 2 // lines
jH HA
bH
aH kH kA1=jA1
Y’ aA1=bA1
Y jA
A A1
X’ kA bA
H x aA
F
x X’ Y Y’
kF
Two auxiliary views
aF
jF
bF
12. True distance between 2 // lines
jH HA
bH
aH kH kA1=jA1
aA1=bA1
jA
bA A A1
kA
H aA
F
Distance between the
kF two points gives the
aF true distance between
jF
parallel lines
bF
13. Perpendicular lines
bH
90° • A 90° angle appears in
cH true size in any view
aH
showing one leg in TL
provided the other leg
does not appear as point
view
H
F • Two intersecting lines are
perpendicular if the TL
projection is making 90°
with the other line
aF
cF
bF
13. Perpendicular lines
Mechanical Engineering Drawing
MECH 211
LECTURE 5
The objectives of the lecture
• Continue to acquire knowledge in the Descriptive
Geometry – point and line concepts
• Distance form a point to a line
• Location of a perpendicular line at a give location on a
line
• Non-intersecting lines – skew lines
• Shortest distance between skew lines
• Location of a line through a given point and intersecting
two skew lines
The objectives of the lecture - Contd
bH
mH
cH
nH
aH
cF
nF
bH
cH
aH
cF
bF
Relative position of line Vs. plane
bH
mH
cH
nH
aH
cF
nF
cH eH
nH
aH
cF eF
nF
cF eF
nF
pF
A line is located in a plane if
all the points of that line are
aF iF in that plane. However, is
sufficient to show that two
points that belong to the line
belong to the plane too.
mF jF
qF Line MN is located in the
plane ABC since M is
bF simultaneously located in AB
dF and MN and N on AC and
MN.
Relative position of line Vs. plane
Line PQ is intersecting dH Line DE is parallel to the
the plane ABC in the plane ABC since is
bH qH
point I. parallel to a line (MN)
jH that is contained in that
mH plane
iH
cH eH
nH
aH pH
cF eF
nF
pF
A line is located in a plane if
all the points of that line are
aF iF in that plane. However, is
Apart from the three
sufficient to show that two
positions, there is no
points that belong to the line
other relative position on
belong to the plane too.
a line with a plane. mF jF
qF Line MN is located in the
plane ABC since M is
bF simultaneously located in AB
dF and MN and N on AC and
MN.
Location of a line on a plane
bH
mH
cH
nH
aH
cF
nF
iH
cH
nH
aH
cF
nF
aF iF
bF
Location of a point on a plane
bH
mH
iH
cH
nH
aH
cF
nF
A point I is located
aF iF on a plane if is
located on a line that
belongs to that plane.
mF
bF
Location of a point on a plane
Can you locate the point 4 in the plane 1-2-3
Using Parallelism
Location of a point on a plane
Locate a point which is 10mm above point 2 and 12mm behind
point 3
True Length line lies on the plane
Line MN is a horizontal
bH line. mHnH is the true
length of the line MN.
nH
iH jH
mH cH
aH
cF
iF
bF
Strike of a plane
Line MN is a horizontal
N line. mHnH is the true
bH
length of the line MN.
nH The bearing of this line
represents the strike of
the plane.
mH 9°E cH
N5
aH
cF
aF
mF nF
bF
Edge View of a plane
bH
cH
aH
cF
aF
bF
Edge View of a plane
bH
cH
aH
cF
aF
bF
Slope (dip) of a plane
Horizontal plane
.
E.V
bH
nH
mH cH Elevation
View
aH
cF
bF
Shortest line from a point to plane
To find the shortest line from point
to plane
bH
cH
aH
cF
aF
bF
Shortest line from a point to plane
Find the EV of bA
plane
aA
bH
nH
TL cA
mH cH
aH
cF
aF
mF nF
bF
Shortest line from a point to plane
Find the EV of bA
plane
Project point in aA
bH
that view nH
eA
TL cA
mH cH
aH eH
cF
aF
eF
mF nF
bF
Shortest line from a point to plane
Find the EV of plane bA
bH eA
eA
nH
Draw perp from TL cA
eH cH
point to EV mH
aH eH
from TL in the HV
eF
aF
bF
Shortest grade line - point to plane
bA
rA
Horizontal direction
aA
bH eA
eA
nH
rH
TL cA
eH cH
mH
aH eH
cF
eF
aF
rF eF
mF nF
bF
Shortest grade line - point to plane
bH
cH
aH
cF
aF
bF
Shortest grade line - point to plane
bA
aA
bH
nH
TL cA
mH cH
aH
cF
aF
mF nF
bF
Shortest grade line - point to plane
bA
aA
bH
eA
nH
TL cA
mH cH
aH eH
cF
aF
eF
mF nF
bF
Shortest grade line - point to plane
bA
aA
bH eA
eA
nH
TL cA
eH cH
mH
aH eH
cF
eF
aF
eF
mF nF
bF
Shortest grade line - point to plane
bA
rA
Horizontal direction
aA
bH eA
eA
nH
rH
TL cA
eH cH
mH
aH eH
cF
eF
aF
rF eF
mF nF
bF
Shortest grade line - point to plane
bA
The slope could be
shown ONLY IN AN
ELEVATION VIEW
rA
Horizontal direction
qA aA
Line at 20° slope
bH eA
eA
nH
rH
TL qH cA
eH cH
mH
aH eH
cF
eF
aF qF
rF eF
mF nF
bF