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Digital Computing and eSMACS Computing

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Digital Computing and eSMACS
Computing

Prof. Dr Zhaohao Sun, PhD

Department of Business Studies
PNG University of Technology, Lae, PNG
Phone: +675 473 4406
Email: zsun@dbs.unitech.ac.pg or zhaohao.sun@gmail.com (private)
Outline
❑ Motivation
❑ Unified Computing
❑ eSMACS Computing
❑ eSMACS: Science, intelligence, system, engineering,
management, services, tools and applications
❑ An Integrated Perspective on eSMACS Computing
❑ Digital Computing and eSMACS Computing
❑ Conclusion
❑ Remarks (03 07 20, 08 10 20)
❖ eSMACS Computing as digital computing
❖ eSMACS technology as digital technology underpinning the
digital age.

© Professor Dr Zhaohao Sun, 2007-20 2

Motivation

❑ Lecture Series of Intelligent Computing 2007-8, China

❑ Zhaohao Sun, John Yearwood (eds), Demand-driven
web services, IGI-Global, 2014
❑ Lecture of courses in e-commerce, mobile commerce,
mobile services at UB, FedUni, HUST China, PNG
UniTech

© Professor Dr Zhaohao Sun, 2007-20 3

Motivation 2
Ordinary users see (read,
watch), touch (click),
listen (hear), smell, taste,
use
Computing surfaces
Desktop, laptop,
mobile phone, car,
DTV, GPS etc Computing
Computing
systems, science,
scientists,
technology,
Students,
engineering,
professionals
management, tools
Computing and
social problems

© Professor Dr Zhaohao Sun, 2007-20 4

Motivation 3

Mobile

Analytics
Service

Social Cloud

© Professor Dr Zhaohao Sun, 2007-20 5

Unified Computing
❑ Def-1: computing is any goal-oriented activity requiring,
benefiting from, or creating computers.
❖Thus, computing includes designing and building
hardware and software systems for a wide range of
purposes; processing, structuring, and managing
various kinds of information; doing scientific studies
using computers; making computer systems behave
intelligently; creating and using communications and
entertainment media; finding and gathering
information relevant to any particular purpose, and so
on (ACM-CC-2005).
❑ Def-2: Computing - Sciences, technologies,
engineering, systems, management, services, tools and
applications concerned with gathering, manipulating,
storing, retrieving and classifying recorded information
using computing machinery (Sun 2010-16)
© Professor Dr Zhaohao Sun, 2007-20 6
An Integrative Perspective on Computing
❑ Alan Turing, 1950, Computing machinery and intelligence,
Mind
❑ Computing machinery in ACM
❑ European (including AUS) perspective on computing
❖ Informatique (France, 1966)
❖ Informatik, Informatics
❑ US prefers to Computing (ACM/IEEE/AIS)
❑ In CC2005 (2013) of ACM/IEEE/AIS
❖ Computing: = CS + CE + SE + IT+ IS, [EE| Math]
❑ Web of computing, just as web of knowledge [science]
❑ Computing:= C science + C technology + C systems + C
engineering + C management + C services + C tools + C
applications.

© Professor Dr Zhaohao Sun, 2007-20 7

A Hierarchical perspective on Computing

Computing
Computing Science

Comp technology 1 … Comp technology J

Comp engi 1 … Comp engi K

thinking
Comp tool 1 … Comp tool L

Comp. service 1 … Comp. service M

Comp appl 1 … Comp appl N

© Professor Dr Zhaohao Sun, 2007-20 8

eSMACS Computing
❑ eSMACS: = electronic, social, mobile, analytics, cloud,
and services
❑ eSMACS Computing
❖ Internet computing, Social Computing, Mobile Computing,
Analytics Computing, Cloud Computing, and Services Computing
❑ Examples:
❖ eSMACS commerce = e-Commerce, services commerce + mobile
commerce + analytics commerce + cloud commerce + social
commerce
❖ SMACS services = e-Service, services services (?)+ mobile
services + analytics services + cloud services + social services .
❖ eSMACS systems = e-Systems, services systems + mobile
systems + analytics systems + social systems + + cloud systems.

© Professor Dr Zhaohao Sun, 2007-20 9

2D Perspectives on SMACS Computing
X Sci Techn Engi Intell Syst Mgmt Servic Tools/ apps
Com es device
putin s
g,

Servic Service Service Servic Service Services Services Servic Service Service
eC S T eE I syst M es Ss sTl sA

Mobil Mobile Mobile Mobile MI Mobile Mobile M Mobile Mobile Mobile

eC S T E syst Ss Tl A

Analyt e-S e-T e-E EI E-syst e-M e-S e-T e-A

ics C.

Cloud Cloud Cloud Cloud CI Cloud Cloud M Cloud Cloud Cloud A

C. S E syst Ss Tl

Social Social Social Social SI Social Social M Social Social Social

C S T E syst Ss Tl A

© Professor Dr Zhaohao Sun, 2007-20 10

Services Computing (SC)
❑ Services Computing has become a cross-discipline that covers
the science and technology of bridging the gap between
business services and IT services.
❑The underneath breaking technology suite includes Web
services and SOA (1999-2001, IBM), business consulting
methodology and utilities, business process modeling,
transformation and integration.
❑ It is reported, "The U.S. economy has changed in other ways
as well. The population and the labor force have shifted
dramatically away from farms to cities, from fields to factories,
and, above all, to service industries. "
❑Ref: http://usinfo.state.gov/products/pubs/oecon/chap2.htm
❑ Services are at the heart of commerce, business, government
and society.
© Professor Dr Zhaohao Sun, 2007-20 11
Services Computing

❑ History
❖A few researchers in IBM undertook SOA in 1999-2001
❖2003 A few of overseas Chinese scholars (in IBM,
Zhang Jianliang) introduced Service-oriented
computing
❑ Service Computing: = Service Science + Service
intelligence + Service management+ Service Engineering
+ Service-centered society + …

© Professor Dr Zhaohao Sun, 2007-20 12

Services in organization
❑ Strategic services
❖E- Strategic services (myth at the moment)
❑ Tactic services
❖E-Tactic services (semi-reality, DSS etc)
❑ Operational services
❖E- Operational services (reality in bank, supermarket)
❑ Motivation: organizational structure, Robert Anthony
(1965)
❖This is a new topic for services in organization (Sun
2009-16)
❖ Ref: Robert Anthony’s Planning and Control Systems: a
Framework for Analysis (McGraw-Hill, 1965)
© Professor Dr Zhaohao Sun, 2007-20 13
Web Services and e-Services
❑ Web service is a piece of business logic accessible via
the Internet using the open standards (Microsoft)
❑ Web applications: a service corresponds to Web pages,
especially those with forms or a programming interface
thereto. This can be considered as e-service
❑ Services are autonomous, platform-independent
computational elements that can be described, published,
discovered, orchestrated and programmed using
standard protocols to build networks of collaborating
applications distributed within and across organizational
boundaries.
❖ http://www.icsoc.org/

© Professor Dr Zhaohao Sun, 2007-20 14

 What is a Web Service?
❑ Encapsulated, loosely coupled, contracted software
functions, offered via standard protocols over the
web (DestiCorp)
❑ A set of interfaces, which provide a standard means
of interoperating between different software
applications, running on a variety of platforms and/or
frameworks (W3C)
❑ Our working definition: A WS is functionality that can
be engaged over the Web
❑ Web service is a software counterpart of a physical
services: consultation, search, delegation, selection
etc.
❑ A Web service is an online service (Sun 2016)

© Professor Dr Zhaohao Sun, 2007-20 15

Viewpoints on Services
❑ Networking: a service is characterized by bandwidth and suchlike
properties.
❑ Telecommunications: Narrow telephony features such as caller ID
and call forwarding, and basic connection services like narrowband
versus broadband (itself of a few varieties).
❑ Systems: Services are for billing and storage and other key
operational functions. These functions are often parceled up in the
so-called operation-support systems.
❑ Web applications: Services correspond to Web pages, especially
those with forms or a programmatic interface thereto.
❑ Wireless: Wireless versions of the Web, but also things like
messaging, as in the popular short message service (SMS).
If there is agreement here, it is that a service is a capability that is
provided and exploited, often but not always remotely.

© Professor Dr Zhaohao Sun, 2007-20 16

Mapping Web of services to SMACS services
Integrated or
unified services

Services Mobile Analytics Cloud Social

services? services services services services

The Internet of services = the Web of services

❑ Web of services: all services provided by human beings, machines

and intelligent agents.
❑ What is services services? integrated services?
❑ Chinese Science university (2003), service informatics-Sun 05 10 20

© Professor Dr Zhaohao Sun, 2007-20 17

The Internet of services vs IoT
❑ The Internet of services = IoS
❑ IoT = the Internet of things
❑ IoP = the Internet of People
❑ What the relationship among them
❑ Answer:
❖IoT is the infrastructure of IoS and IoP
❑ Therefore, we need to pursue IoT and IoS as well as
IoP.
❖Sun 03 07 19, updated on 29 06 20

[Slide 18] © Professor Dr Zhaohao Sun, 2007-20

Service oriented Architecture (SOA)
❑ SOA expresses a perspective of software architecture that defines the
use of loosely coupled software services to support the requirements
of the business processes and software users.
❖ In an SOA environment, resources on a network are made
available as independent services that can be accessed without
knowledge of their underlying platform implementation
❑ An SOA is not tied to a specific technology and may be implemented
using a wide range of interoperability standards including RPC, ORB
or WSDL.
❑ SOA: = a style of IS architecture that enables the creation of
applications that are built by combining loosely coupled and
interoperable services.
❖ These services inter-operate based on a formal definition (or
contract, e.g., WSDL) which is independent of the underlying
platform and programming language.
❑ SOA can support integration and consolidation activities within
complex enterprise systems.
❖ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Service-oriented_architecture

© Professor Dr Zhaohao Sun, 2007-20 19

 A General Architecture for E-services (Singh &
Huhns, 2005: p. 20)

Service Registry; well-

Broker known

Publish or Find or
announce discover
(WSDL) (UDDI)

Service Bind or Service

Provider invoke Requestor
Not well-known (SOAP)

20 © Professor Dr Zhaohao Sun, 2007-20

An Extended Service-oriented Architecture
(Papazoglou & Georgakopoulos 2003)

© Professor Dr Zhaohao Sun, 2007-20 21

Service Oriented Computing (SOC)
❑ SOC is an cross-disciplinary paradigm for distributed
computing and e-business processing that is changing
the way, software applications are designed, architected,
delivered and consumed (http://www.icsoc.org/)
❑ Web Services are the current most promising
technologies and applications based on SOC.
❖ Web services provide the basis for the development and
execution of business processes that are distributed over
the Internet and available via standard interfaces and
protocols, based on SOC
• http://www.icsoc.org/

© Professor Dr Zhaohao Sun, 2007-20 22

Service-Oriented Management (SOM)
❑ SOM is the operational management of e-service delivery. The
primary objective of SOM is to provide a differentiated e-service
delivery capability during operation, using business objectives to
drive system behaviour.
❑ Service Management
❖ Administration, Deployment, Scalability, Security
❑ A SOM solution supervises and controls the delivery of an e-service
from an e-service provider to an e-service requester.
❖ it should be able to manage any service from any technology,
without requiring code changes, special deployment, or special
development environments.
❑ Customer relationship/experience management in e-services are
also an important topic in SOM (Sun, 2007).
❖ http://searchwebservices.techtarget.com
❖ Sun Z and Lau, S.K. (2006) Customer experience management
in e-services, In Lu, J, et al (2007) E-Service Intelligence:
Methodologies, Technologies and applications, Springer, 365-
388

© Professor Dr Zhaohao Sun, 2007-20 23

Service Oriented Engineering (SOE)
❑ SOE is the establishment and use of sound engineering principles in
order to obtain economically e-service for an organisation.
❖ SOE is the application of systematic, disciplined, quantifiable
approaches to the modelling, simulation, management and
development of services in order to obtain economically e-services.
❖ Methodologies Ontologies: description, process models,
engagement
❑ Intelligent Techniques in SOE
❖ Expert systems (ESs)
❖ Case-based reasoning (CBR)
❖ Intelligent agents and multiagent systems (MASs)
❖ Soft computing (Fuzzy Logic and Neural networks)
❖ Data mining and knowledge discovery
❖ Knowledge/experience management
❖ etc

© Professor Dr Zhaohao Sun, 2007-20 24

Service Science and Service Intelligence (SS
and SI)

❑ Service Science is a combined discipline of operations

research, management science, industrial and systems
engineering, marketing, contracts and negotiations, and
computer science.
❑ Beyond all these technical perspectives, Service Science
also includes culture transformation and integration
methods based on beliefs, assumptions, principles, and
values between two enterprises.
❖ Ref: Sun Z, Dong D, Yearwood J, demand-driven web
services, in D. Chiu (eds) “SS and SI’, IGI, 2010. selected

© Professor Dr Zhaohao Sun, 2007-20 25

Mobile computing
❑ What is Mobile Computing?
❖ A computing paradigm designed for workers who travel
outside the boundaries of their organization, or for any
other people travelling outside their homes.
❑ Why Mobile Computing?
❖ First phase; make computers small enough so they can be
easily carried - mobile devices.
❖ Second phase; replace wires with wireless communication
media.
❖ Third phase; a combination of the first two, to use mobile
devices in a wireless environment.
❑ M-computing is a subset of e-computing, it presents certain specifics
using different approach from an ICT viewpoint.
❑ M-computing = M Intelligence + M systems + M commerce, + M
business + M technology + M Management + M engineering.
❖ Ref: A Brief History of Mobile Computing
© Professor Dr Zhaohao Sun, 2007-20 26
Analytics Computing
❑ Analytics Computing: = a discipline analytics as a
science, technology, management and systems with
applications using digital computing and web computing.
❑ The web of Analytics: = the Internet of analytics =
business analytics + market analytics + organisation
analytics + google analytics +… =
❑ I will look at it in the lecture of big data analytics and
management

© Professor Dr Zhaohao Sun, 2007-20 27

Cloud Computing

❑ Term cloud is used as a metaphor for internet

❑ Cloud computing:= Internet-based computing in which
shared resources and software apps are provided to
computers and other devices on-demand
❑ Requirements for IT infrastructure
❖Dependable, manageable, adaptable and affordable

© Professor Dr Zhaohao Sun, 2007-20 28

 Cloud Computing
• Dynamic provision of services/resource pools in a co-
ordinated fashion
- On demand computing – No waiting period
- Location of resource is irrelevant
• Applications run somewhere on the cloud
- Web applications fulfill these for end user
- However, for application developers and IT
• Allows develop, deploy and run applications that
can easily grow capacity (scalability), work fast
(performance), and offer good reliability
• Without concern for the nature and location of
underlying infrastructure
- Activate, retire resources
- Dynamically update infrastructure elements without affecting the
business

29
© Professor Dr Zhaohao Sun, 2007-20
Cloud computing – History

❑ Evolved over a period of time, originated from parallel and

distributed systems in the 1970s (www.nop.edu)
❑ Roots traced back to Application Service Providers in the 1990’s
❑ Parallels to SaaS of IBM, much more broader concept
❑ Evolved from Utility computing and is a broader concept
❖ Ref: Continuing innovation in information technology: IT services
with large economic impact, www.nop.edu, retrieved on 020213
❑ Cloud computing evolved also from virtualization- an approach that
enabled more flexible IT infrastructure and lower costs
❖ Hardware virtualization- remains popular and widely used.
• Virtualization separates business applications and data from hardware resources
❖ Storage virtualization and network virtualization
❑ Virtualization is often a key part of an enterprise’s disaster recovery
plan.

© Professor Dr Zhaohao Sun, 2007-20 30

Utility Computing
❑ related to cloud computing
❖Applications, storage, computing power and network
❑ Requires cloud like infrastructure
❑ Pay by the drink model
❖Similar to electric service at home
❑ Pay for extra resources when needed
❖To handle expected surge in demand
❖Unanticipated surges in demand
❑ Better economics

© Professor Dr Zhaohao Sun, 2007-20 31

 Cloud Computing - layers

Layers Architecture

32
© Professor Dr Zhaohao Sun, 2007-20
 What is a Cloud?: Everything is service

Individuals Corporations Non-Commercial

Cloud Middle Ware

Storage OS Network Service(apps) SLA(monitor),
Provisioning Provisioning Provisioning Provisioning Security, Billing,
Payment

Resources
Services Storage Network OS

33
© Professor Dr Zhaohao Sun, 2007-20
 Why cloud computing
• Data centers are notoriously underutilized, often
idle 85% of the time
- Over provisioning
- Insufficient capacity planning and sizing
- Improper understanding of scalability requirements, etc
• including thought leaders from Gartner, Forrester,
and IDC—agree that this new model offers
significant advantages for fast-paced startups,
SMBs and enterprises alike.
• Cost effective solutions to key business demands
• Move workloads to improve efficiency

34
© Professor Dr Zhaohao Sun, 2007-20
Five (5) essential characteristics of NIST
❑ The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)'s
definition of cloud computing identifies
❖ On-demand self-service.
❖ Broad network access. Capabilities are available over the
network and accessed through standard mechanisms that
promote use by heterogeneous thin or thick client platforms
(e.g., mobile phones, tablets, laptops, and workstations).
❖ Resource pooling
❖ Rapid elasticity. Capabilities can be elastically provisioned and
released, in some cases automatically, to scale rapidly outward
and inward commensurate with demand. To the consumer, the
capabilities available for provisioning often appear unlimited and
can be appropriated in any quantity at any time.
❖ Measured service.
© Dr Ref: National Institute of Standards and Technology [59]
Zhaohao
Sun, PNG
University
of
Technolog
y 2019-20

35
Cloud Services
❑ What services are available in the cloud, at least 3 cloud
services (NIST)
❖Infrastructure as a service (IaaS)
❖Platform as a service (PaaS)
❖Software as a service (SaaS)
❖Desktop as aservice (DaaS)
❖Storage cloud: storage as a service (SaaS)
❑ Example: www.zoom.us
❖Zoom unifies cloud video conferencing, simple online
meetings, group messaging, and a software-defined
conference room solution into one easy-to-use
platform. Founded in 2011, Zoom's mission is to
develop a people-centric cloud service that transforms
the real-time collaboration experience and improves
the quality and effectiveness of communications
forever.
© Professor Dr Zhaohao Sun, 2007-20 36
Cloud Services Anatomy
• Application Services (services
on demand)
- Gmail, GoogleCalender
- Payroll, HR, CRM etc
- Sugarm CRM, IBM Lotus Live
• Platform Services (resources on
demand)
- Middleware, Messaging, Information,
connectivity etc
- AWS, IBM Virtual images, Boomi, CastIron,
Google Appengine
• Infrastructure as services
(physical assets as services)
- IBM Blue house, VMWare, Amazon EC2,
Microsoft Azure Platform, Sun Parascale and
more

37
© Professor Dr Zhaohao Sun, 2007-20
Top 8 cloud service providers 2019
• Amazon Web Services.
• Kamatera
• DigtialOcean
• Rackspace
• MassiveGrid
• Alibaba Cloud
• LiquidWeb
• Microsoft Azure
• Google Cloud Platform
• VMware
[Slide 38]
© Professor Dr Zhaohao Sun, 2007-20
Various Clouds
• Enterprise cloud (saleforce.com)
• Sales cloud: used by almost 80,000 companies
• Service cloud: a platform supporting customer service
activities that range form call centers to social web sites.
• Education cloud: MOOCs
- Massively online open courses
- edX (https://www.edx.org/), The Future of Online Education
- for anyone, anywhere, anytime
• Customer cloud [services]
- For global applications and platforms

39
© Professor Dr Zhaohao Sun, 2007-20
 Public, Community, Private and Hybrid
clouds = 4 Clouds delivery models

40
© Professor Dr Zhaohao Sun, 2007-20
 Public clouds
• Open for use by general public
- Exist beyond firewall, fully hosted and managed by the
vendor
- Individuals, corporations and others
- Amazon's Web Services and Google appEngine are
examples
• Offers startups and SMB’s quick setup, scalability,
flexibility and automated management. Pay as you go
model helps startups to start small and go big
• Security and compliance?
• Reliability concerns hinder the adoption of cloud
- Amazon S3 services were down for 6 hours

41
© Professor Dr Zhaohao Sun, 2007-20
 Public Clouds
• Large scale infrastructure available on a rental basis
- Operating System virtualization (e.g. Xen, kvm) provides CPU
isolation
- “Roll-your-own” network provisioning provides network isolation
- Locally specific storage abstractions
• Fully customer self-service
- Service Level Agreements (SLAs) are advertised
- Requests are accepted and resources granted via web services
- Customers access resources remotely via the Internet
• Accountability is e-commerce based
- Web-based transaction
- “Pay-as-you-go” and flat-rate subscription
- Customer service, refunds, etc.

42
© Professor Dr Zhaohao Sun, 2007-20
 Private Clouds
• Within the boundaries (firewall) of the organization
• All advantages of public cloud with one major difference
- Reduce operation costs
- Has to be managed by the enterprise
• Fine grained control over resources
• More secure as they are internal to org
• Schedule and reshuffle resources based on business demands
• Ideal for apps related to tight security and regulatory concerns
• Development requires hardware investments and in-house
expertise
• Cost could be prohibitive and cost might exceed public clouds

43
© Professor Dr Zhaohao Sun, 2007-20
 How do they work?
• Public clouds are opaque
- What applications will work well in a cloud?
• Many of the advantages offered by Public Clouds
appear useful for “on premise” IT
- Self-service provisioning
- Legacy support
- Flexible resource allocation
• What extensions or modifications are required to
support a wider variety of services and applications?
- Data assimilation
- Multiplayer gaming
- Mobile devices

44
© Professor Dr Zhaohao Sun, 2007-20
 Cloud Infrastructure

• Network operations center

 Physical Infrastructure
• Physical Security
 Cooling
• Power infrastructure, Network
Cabling, Fire safety

45
© Professor Dr Zhaohao Sun, 2007-20
 Cloud computing open issues
• Governance
- Security, Privacy and control
- SLA guarantees
- Ownership and control
- Compliance and auditing
• Reliability, Data Security
- Good service provider with 99.999% availability
• Cloud independence – Vendor lockin?
- Cloud provider goes out of business
• Cloud locking and Loss of control
- Plan for moving data along with Cloud provider
• Cost? Simplicity? Tools
• Controls on sensitive data?
- Out of business
• Big and small
- Scalability and cost outweigh reliability for small
businesses
- Big businesses may have a problem

46
© Professor Dr Zhaohao Sun, 2007-20
 Battle in the cloud
• Amazon Web Services
• Google App Engine
- Free up to 500 MB,
• Free for small scale applications?
• Universities?
- Pay when you scale
• GoGrid
• .. Some more Hosting companies
• Where is HP, IBM, Oracle(+sun) and Dell?

47
© Professor Dr Zhaohao Sun, 2007-20
Social Computing (SC)
❑ Definition
❖SC-1 refers to the use of “Social software”
• Enables people to connect or collaborate through
computer-mediated communication and to form
online communities.
❖SC-2 is concerned with the intersection of social
behaviour and computing systems, creating or
recreating social conventions and contexts through
the use of software and ‘computing (Sun 050413)’
technology SCA2013).

© Professor Dr Zhaohao Sun, 2007-20 48

Integrated computing
❑ Cloud + mobile computing
❖ Cloud based mobile education, service, technology,
commerce,
❑ Social + mobile
❖ Social mobile services, technology and commerce [QQ]
❖ Social mobile marketing
• Over 1/3 of Facebook 1 B users use Facebook mobile
❖ Mobile commerce, handheld commerce and e-markets
❖ Handheld/mobile social computing
• http://www.smartinsights.com/mobile-
marketing/mobile-marketing-analytics/mobile-
marketing-statistics/

© Professor Dr Zhaohao Sun, 2007-20 49

Integrated computing (Cont)
❑ Social + services
❖Service science and service oriented interaction
design
❑ Social + Cloud
❖Social cloud computing
❖Cloud based social networking service, technology,
commerce
❑ How many integration or combination?
❖Logical (Boolean) classification based on truth table.

© Professor Dr Zhaohao Sun, 2007-20 50

Web Computing: A Unified Perspective
❑ Web : = SMACS
❑ Web computing : = SMACS computing
❖ Web Science : = SMACS Science
❖ Web Technology : = SMACS Technology
❖ Web Intelligence: = SMACS Intelligence
❖ Web Engineering : = SMACS Engineering
❖ Web systems : = SMACS systems
❖ Web management : = SMACS management
❖ Web tools := SMACS tools
❖ Web commerce :=SMACS commerce
❖ Web services := SMACS services
❖ Web applications := SMACS applications
❑ Can we replace web with digital? or Digital:= SMACS
© Professor Dr Zhaohao Sun, 2007-20 51
Digital Age and Digital Technology
❑ Data, information, knowledge, experience, wisdom and
intelligence (DIKEWI) are elements of the digital age
❖elements of the digital age = DIKEWI
❑ eSMACS technology underpin the digital revolution in the
digital age
❖Digital Technology = eSMACS technology
❑ eSMACS computing are revolutionizing eSMACS
technology to change our working style and life style in
the digital age, as illustrated in next Figure
❖Digital computing= eSMACS computing

52
Digital revolutionary forces in the digital age: A
Unified approach

Digital age

eSMACS
computing

eSMACS
technology

Data Information Knowledge Experience Wisdom Intelligence

53
Concluding Remarks
❑ An integrated approach to SMACS computing
❑ Interrelationships in SMACS computing
❑ A unified perspective to Web Computing or Digital
Computing as the umbrella of SMACS computing
❑SMACS computing for Enterprise systems (computing)
❑Digital media services, enterprise integration services,
digital marketing services.
❑ Relationship between eSMACS computing and big data
management
❑Digital revolutionary forces in the digital age: A Unified
approach
❑eSMACS computing and digital computing

© Professor Dr Zhaohao Sun, 2007-20 54

References
❑ Papazoglou MP, Georgakopoulos D (2003) Service-oriented computing, Comm of The ACM,
46(10) 25-28
❑ Singh MP, Huhns MN (2005) Service-oriented computing: Semantics, Processes, and
Agents, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Chichester, England
❑ Sun Z and Lau, S.K. (2006) Customer experience management in e-services, In Lu, J,
Ruan D, and Zhang G (2006) E-Service Intelligence: Methodologies, Technologies and
applications, Springer, 365-388
❑ Sun, Z & Finnie G (2004): Intelligent Techniques in E-Commerce: A Case-based
Reasoning Perspective. Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag.
❑ http://conferences.computer.org/scc/2007/papers.html, accessed on 01 06 07
❑ https://www.ieeecommunities.org/services
❑ http://cloudcomputing.sys-con.com
❑ Univ of Texas at Austin, Developing Advanced Computing Course Materials for
Distributed Audiences http://www.educationgrid.org/msicii/Jan3031-
06Presentations/day2/TACC%20SciComp%20Curriculum%20-
%20SDSC%20MSI%20CI%20workshop.ppt- accessed on 24 06 07
❑ Mark Baker， 2001, Jini Meets the Grid http://www.dcs.
port.ac.uk/~mab/talks/ accessed on 24 06 07
❑ ReddyRaja, Vasudev Verma IIIT Hyderabad, CLOUD COMPUTING – AN
OVERVIEW,www.iiit.ac.in/cloud/lectures/IntroToCloudComputing.ppt, accessed on 17
01 10
❑ Z Sun (2020) LN 12. From Digital Transformation to Digital Revolution, PNG UoT

© Professor Dr Zhaohao Sun, 2007-20 55

References (Cont)

❑ Georgios Kambourakis, 2013, Security and Privacy in m-Learning and

Beyond: Challenges and State-of-the-art, International Journal of u- and e-
Service, Science and Technology, in Press.
❑ Sun, Z, 2010, Internationalization and nationalization of Computing R&D: An
Individual Perspective, Wenzhou, China
❑ Sun Z, 2010, LN-11. Grid Computing, Ubiquitous Computing
❑ Watch the cloud computing at
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ae_DKNwK_ms.
❑ Social Computing www.abdn.ac.uk/~csc245/teaching/.../GroupCsocial.ppt,
retrieved on 30 March 13
❑ SCA 2013 : International Conference on Social Computing and its
Applications,
http://www.wikicfp.com/cfp/servlet/event.showcfp?eventid=26646&copyown
erid=44187, retrieved on 30 March 2013
❑ Rabeea Mannan, Sarah Farnaz, Baqai, (2011-10-27) Analysis and Design of
Social Software Tools, http://ebookbrowse.com/social-computing-ppt-
d181777857, retrieved on 30 March 13

© Professor Dr Zhaohao Sun, 2007-20 56

References
❑ Kenneth Laudon and Jane Laudon. (2016). Management
Information Systems- Managing Digital Firm (13th edition). Pearson.
ISBN: 0-27375453-X
❑ Turban E et al (2011) It for Management, Copyright 2011 John
Wiley & Sons, Inc.
❑ Zhaohao Sun (2018-2020) –LN 4 Web Computing
❑ Industry 4.0, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industry_4.0
❑ Sun Z, & Yearwood J (Eds) (2014) Handbook of Research on
Demand-driven Web Services: Theory, Technologies and
Applications. IGI-Global, USA

[Slide 57] © Professor Dr Zhaohao Sun, 2007-20

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