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Static and Dynamic Analysis of A Two Wheeler Shock Absorber Using Different Materials For Helical Coil Spring PDF
Static and Dynamic Analysis of A Two Wheeler Shock Absorber Using Different Materials For Helical Coil Spring PDF
© 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 2233
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 06 Issue: 03 | Mar 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
shock absorber and to find the displacements occurring corresponding mode shapes only. But to analyze the model
during shock and the time required for the shock absorber to completely, the displacements and accelerations related to
damp the displacements. Comparison will be done among the corresponding natural frequencies must be evaluated.
five materials to verify best material for spring in Shock These results are obtained by performing a Frequency
absorber. Also, the wire diameter of the spring will be varied Response analysis for a band of frequencies specified.
to check for scope of improvement in the performance Graphs between Frequency Vs. Displacements will be plotted
characteristics of the shock absorber. for different materials and studied for their suitability.
1.1 Literature Survey A true performance of a Shock Absorber can be analyzed
under shock loading. This involves a high impulse load
In an approach involving the shock absorber of 150CC bike by applied in a very small time interval. The damping
P. Poornamohan[1] (2012), it was designed using parametric characteristics of shock absorber will be analyzed which will
software Pro/Engineer. Structural and Modal were
have a direct impact on the ride quality of the two wheeler.
performed to validate the strength of the design. Materials
used were Spring Steel and Beryllium Copper. It was
observed that the Stress values were less for spring Steel 2. Design of Helical Coil Spring based Shock
compared to Beryllium Copper and hence the wire diameter Absorber
was reduced by 2mm. It was observed that the stress and
displacement values were less for the modified design which SolidWorks is a parametric, feature based, solid modeling,
also reduced the weight of the spring. menu driven higher end software. It provides mechanical
engineers with an approach to mechanical design with
In another approach by Karthik A. S. [2] (2016), a different
automation based on Built-in intelligence takes the guess
model of a shock absorber evaluated for Structural analysis
work out of 3D design.
for different materials of spring viz., Structural Steel, Copper
alloy, Aluminum alloy, Titanium alloy. It was observed that 2.1 Modeling of Bottom Mount
though the overall performance of titanium alloy was good, it
is a very costly material to be put into general use. Draw a circle of 52mm diameter and extrude it by a value
In a project by Mr. A.C. Basha[3] (2017), a Shock Absorber was of 3.5mm.
selected and analyzed by changing the materials for the
springs by Structural analysis alone and the results were On its face, draw a circle of 35mm diameter and extrude it by
presented. a value of 36.5mm.
1.2 Formulation of Problem based on surveys and Now, A model of bearing pad is created by drawing two
reviews concentric circles of 30mm and 12mm respectively and
extruding it to a length of 110mm over the top face.
Based on Literature reviews, the problem in the present Mounting eye is modeled similarly for the dimensions shown
investigation is formulated as follows: “To design a model of below
an existing two wheeler shock absorber and perform Static,
Modal, Frequency Response and Transient analysis to This completes the model of the bottom mount and the final
ascertain its Structural and Vibrational performance under model is as shown below:
various loading conditions for different materials for the
spring. To optimize the design by varying the diameter of the
spring wire and suggesting best suited material for spring to
achieve better performance characteristics”.
Materials proposed to be used for study will not be generic
materials but will be selected from ASTM standards.
Different materials proposed to be used are:
© 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 2235
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 06 Issue: 03 | Mar 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 2236
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 06 Issue: 03 | Mar 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 2237
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 06 Issue: 03 | Mar 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
Case-4: Beryllium Copper Spring Wire as per ASTM B 197 Table 5.1: Results of Modal Analysis (Freq-Hz)
© 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 2238
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 06 Issue: 03 | Mar 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
In the results obtained, it can be observed that the frequency 0.003 574.03 0.016 1299.04
at the first resonance point matches nearest to the results of
first modal frequency obtained in modal analysis. This 0.004 750 0.017 1190.03
proves the accuracy of frequency response analysis and the
corresponding displacements are thus obtained. 0.005 913.14 0.018 1060.66
The loads are time-dependent forces and displacements. 0.012 1500 0.1 0
Initial conditions define the initial displacement and initial
velocities in grid points.
0 0 0.013 1487.17
© 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 2240
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 06 Issue: 03 | Mar 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
Case-1: Stainless Steel Spring Wire as per ASTM A 313 Fig-7.5: Max Displacement: 52.4mm
Case-5: Titanium Alloy as per Grade Ti-5Al-5V-5Mo-3Cr
8. Redesign of Spring
Case-3: Phosphor Bronze Grade A Spring Wire as per ASTM B This is achieved by changing the wire diameter of the spring
159 and selecting a different (stiffer) grade of spring steel.
Case-4: Beryllium Copper Spring Wire as per ASTM B 197 8.1 Increasing the Spring Wire Diameter Geometry
using Morphing
© 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 2241
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 06 Issue: 03 | Mar 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
Mode 4 120.2 Hz Mode 9 247.9 Hz Phosphor Bronze Grade A Spring Wire as per ASTM B 159.
Beryllium Copper Spring Wire as per ASTM B 197.
Mode 5 124.9 Hz Mode 10 322 Hz Titanium Alloy as per Grade Ti-5Al-5V-5Mo-3Cr.
8.4 Frequency Response Analysis All the analyses were done and from the detailed results
presented in previous sections for different material for
different analyses, the maximum values of Displacements,
stresses, modal frequencies, displacements for cyclic and
transient (impact) loading are consolidated and tabulated
and shown in Table 9.1
© 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 2242
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 06 Issue: 03 | Mar 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
The maximum displacement observed in cyclic loading at [3] Mr. a. Chinnamahammad Basha, Mr. Vijay Rami
30Hz also has reduced by 34%. Impact loading also has Reddy, “DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF SHOCK
shown an improvement by a 28% reduction in maximum ABSORBER” IRJET - International Research Journal of
displacement values. In all the parameters considered, the Engineering and Technology, Jan-2017, Volume: 4,
modified design is showing better results. On the down side, Issue: 1, pp 201 – 207.
there will be a marginal increase in the kerb weight of the
[4] R. S. Khurmi and J. K. Gupta, “Machine Design”, S.
vehicle as the weight of the spring is going to increase.
Chand Publications.
11. Conclusions [5] S. Md. Jalaludeen, “Finite Elememnt Analysis in
Enigneering”, Anuradha Publications.
In this project, a Shock Absorber of an existing model of a [6] P. Kannaiah, “Machine Design”, Scitech Publications
150 cc Two-wheeler has been designed using Solid Works- India Pvt. Ltd.
2014. To validate the strength of the existing design, Linear
Static and Modal Analysis were performed. To validate the [7] J.B.K. Das, Dr. P.L. Srinivasa Murthy, “Mechanical
dynamic performance of the Shock Absorber, Harmonic Vibrations”, Sapna Book House Publications.
(Frequency Response) Analysis and Transient Response [8] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shock_absorber
Analysis were performed using HyperWorks packages. The
material of the Helical Spring was varied for five different [9] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suspension_(motorcycl
materials and the Analyses were performed. From the e)
results, the following conclusions are made [10] http://www.optimumspring.com/technical_resources
/materials
1. It is observed that, Copper based alloys and Titanium
alloy based materials for springs are not suitable for
Two Wheeler Shock Absorber applications as their
spring stiffness is too less for automobile applications.
2. Keeping all the other parameters constant, the wire
diameter of the spring is increased to the next standard
value and the better performing material of ASTM A
228 is selected for the modified spring.
3. The Static deflection has reduced, which in-turn gives
more displacement to be available for the spring to
deflect during Shock/Impact loads.
4. The resonant frequencies are moved to 30Hz. There are
no frequencies below the low frequency ranges of 0-
20Hz.
5. The reduced deflection in Transient Analysis indicate
that the modified Spring is stiff compared to the
existing design. This will cater to higher payload on the
two wheeler and gives sufficient room for deflection of
the Shock Absorber when going over bad roads.
6. As per the above study conducted, wire diameter of
spring with 9.125mm and material for spring as per
ASTM A 228 is found to be a better choice for the spring
of the shock absorber as when compared to the existing
model.
REFERENCES
© 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 2244