ELECTRICAL MACHINES LABORATORY

EXPERIMENT 1
OBJECTIVE

To introduce the students with general electrical machines lab, its equipment and safety measures.

THEORY

For better understanding of electrical machines’ theoretical concepts, it is important to do

practical experiments for the validation. Yalong YL-195 Motor, Electric Traction and Electrical
Control Trainer shall be used for the practical application. YL-195 trainer has a total of 14
modules working bench, which includes power supply, instruments, meters, accessories, test
motor and power gauge etc. Several experiments are designed for learning about motors,
generators, transformers and other electrical control circuits.

In this experiment speed, torque and power of a permanent DC motor is to be measured. Before
this experiment is performed, a few concepts should be cleared which are given further in this
document.

DC Motor:

D.C. machines are the electro mechanical energy converters which work from a DC source and
generate mechanical power or convert mechanical power into a DC power.

A DC motor converts DC power to mechanical energy. There are following components of a

DC motor: Magnetic poles, armature, brushes, commutator segment (see fig. 1) When electric
power is supplied through commutator the armature starts to rotate between the two poles of
permanent magnets (see fig.2).

Figure 1: Components of a DC Motor

FOUNDATION UNIVERSITY RAWALPINDI CAMPUS Page 1

ELECTRICAL MACHINES LABORATORY

Figure 2: Working of a DC Motor

Tachometer:

It is a device that is used to measure the working speed of an engine or rotating speed of a motor
shaft. It’s usually measured in revolutions per minute.

Rotational Speed:

The rate of change of position with respect to time is known as speed. Similarly Rotational
speed (or speed of revolution) of an object rotating around an axis is the number of turns of the
object divided by time, specified as revolutions per minute (rpm), revolutions per second (rev/s),
or radians per second (rad/s).

Torque:

The torque on an object is defined as the product of the force applied on the object and the
smallest distance between the line of action of the force and the object's axis of rotation. Its SI
unit is Newton meter.
Torque τ = r F

FOUNDATION UNIVERSITY RAWALPINDI CAMPUS Page 2

ELECTRICAL MACHINES LABORATORY

Mechanical power:

Mechanical power refers to the rate at which work can be done. Its unit is watts or horsepower.

P= τ ω

EQUIPMENT

 Main Power Supply YL-193

 3-phase AC/DC Power Supply YL-194
 Permanent magnet DC motor
 YL-196 Speed Torque Mechanical Power Measurer
 Base Platform
 Long Connecting Wires
 Tachometer Connecting Wires
 Wrench
 Nut & Bolts

PROCEDURE

1. Fix the permanent magnet DC motor on the base platform with the help of bolt & nuts.
Carefully read and identify the DC motor’s specifications.
2. Make sure the working station is turned off.
3. Turn on the Main power supply YL-193 module. Switch on the 3-phase AC/DC power
supply YL-194 module so that it starts showing voltage values on the meters. Observe 3-
phase AC/DC power supply YL-194 module DC meter and set the DC power supply at
55 volts.
4. Take two long connecting wires. Now connect positive and negative terminals of DC
motor with the 3-phase AC/DC power supply YL-194.
5. Connect DC motor to YL-196 Speed Torque Mechanical Power Measurer with the help
of tachometer connecting wires.
6. Starting from 60VDC and increasing voltage up to 105VDC record speed, torque and
power after every 5V step. Fill the table in your lab report:

Input Voltage (V) Speed-n (r/min) Torque-T (mN.m) Power-P (W)

60
65
70

7. Draw the graph of input voltage with torque and power in your report.
8. Do not exceed the voltage above 110V DC. Be careful when motor is powered up.
9. After noting down all respective readings, turn off main power supply YL-193 unit.
Disconnect all wires and carefully put them back in their storing units.

FOUNDATION UNIVERSITY RAWALPINDI CAMPUS Page 3

ELECTRICAL MACHINES LABORATORY

Questions:

1. Write the working of DC motor.

2. What will happen if you exceed the voltage above 110V?
3. What is the formula of Motor efficiency?
4. Is the torque increasing with increase in input voltage? If not, then why?
5. Will the speed increase or decrease if torque is increased? And why?

LAB REPORT DELIVERABLES

1. Diagram
2. Readings in a table
3. Graph
4. Answers to related questions
5. Conclusion

SAFETY PRECAUTIONS

 Do not operate without supervision.

 Wear proper safety gear.
 Strictly avoid loose clothing which might get stuck into machines causing harm.
 Read the manual instructions carefully before operating on the equipment.
 Make sure all connections are correct.
 Do not touch exposed electric body.
 Check for electric leakage or overload.
 Turn off power supply immediately in case of abnormality, overheating or sparks.
 Safely turn off the power supply after experiment.

P.S: NO LATE SUBMISSIONS!

You may delay, but time will not.

~Benjamin Franklin

FOUNDATION UNIVERSITY RAWALPINDI CAMPUS Page 4