Between these extremes of the city scale and the pounds of oxygen, enough for a family offer on

I. RELATED LITERATURE
INTRODUCTION
Landscape has six main compositional elements:
landform, vertical structures, horizontal structures,
vegetation, water, and climate.
Landscape Design is the art of arranging these
elements to make good outdoor space.
regional landscape lie business parks, land reclamation
and urban regeneration, forestry, public realm,
streetscapes and urban design.
History of Landscape Architecture
 The term landscape architecture was invented
by Gilbert Laing Meason in 1828.
 Frederick Law Olmsted, Calvert Vaux and a
man named George Oskar gave a different
slant to the meaning of 'landscape
architecture', using the term to describe the
whole professional task of designing a
composition of planting, landform, water
paving and other structures and adopted it in
1863 as a professional title.
 Their first use of the term was in the winning
entry for the entry for the design of Central
Park in New York City.
a daily basis.
 Plants control runoff and erosion.
 Plants reduce noise pollution up to 50 percent.
 Plants creates green space for human rest and
recreation.
PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN
is a process that defines and ties all individual
components together to create unity within a design.
Unity
One of the basics of landscape design is creating a
central theme to build your outdoor plan upon. A
unified look is important to a beautiful landscape
design.

1.Landform
2.Water Importance of Landscape Architecture
3.Horizontal structures
4.Vertical structures Economic Benefits:
5.Vegetation  Landscaping enhances property values.
6. Climate  Proper placement of shade trees and
evergreen reduces cooling costs
Landscape Architecture is a discipline which deals with
the design of the built environment. Specifically, it Environmental Benefits:
encompasses the design and planning of all external  one tree removes 26 pounds of carbon dioxide
spaces ranging from the design of the city, the urban from the air every year and releases about 13
Volcanoes inspired landscape
square and the city park to the regional landscape.

Japanese Tea Garden Theme
Simplicity means understanding what is, and is not
important in a landscape design. Details that will not
have a major impact on the landscape are omitted to
keep it in order.
Variety is mixing up the form, texture, and color
combinations in a landscape to create extra interest
without sacrificing the simplicity of the design.
Emphasis
Balance is the relationship between elements in the
landscape. Formal balance would usually mean that
one side of the landscape is a mirror of the other,
while informal balance is when plant sizes and
numbers are only relatively similar on both sides.
Example of informal balance:
Example of formal balance:
 Plants and plant groupings provide a
representation of the types of plants that will
occupy an area once the landscape design is
completed. A plant grouping might show a
shrub border between properties, or it may
represent a perennial bed location.
 Specimen plants can be part of a larger
planting, but usually stand alone in the
landscape. Specimen plants provide specific
seasonal interest or color through flowers,
fruit, or leaves.
 Accent plants are plants of special interest
that are usually part of a larger planting.
Accent plants provide interest throughout the
seasons through specific forms, textures,
colors, etc.
 Key plants are plants that are usually placed in
highly visible location. They can be used alone
or in groups of three or more. They are
associated with screening or softening of
architectural features, such as building
corners, steps, fences, etc. They can provide
 emphasis if the chosen species provides
interesting seasonal interest, form or texture.
 Plant groups are plants of the same species
spaced so that when mature, they just touch
each other and you can still see the outline of
each individual plant.
 Massed plants are plants of the same species
spaced so that when mature, they grow
together to form a solid area of that species.
You will not be able to discern individual plants
in a mass.
Sequence is a gradual transition from one area to
another within a landscape. A landscape with
sequence has one element changing at a time rather
than several changing at once. A landscape with a
coarse-textured plant next to a fine-textured plant is
an example of poor sequence.
ELEMENTS OF DESIGN
are the criteria used in selecting and organizing plants
and hard-goods into the landscape. Using these criteria
the designer will be more likely to use a wider variety
of plants.
Line
Landscape designers use lines to create patterns,
develop spaces, create forms, control movement,
establish dominance, and create a cohesive theme in a
landscape. Landscape lines are created several ways:
when two different materials meet on the ground
plane, such as the edge of a brick patio meeting an
expanse of green turf; or when the edge of an object is
visible or contrasts with a background, such as the
outline of a tree against the sky; or by the placement
of a material in a line, such as a fence.
Direction or Line (Line of Sight)
Eye movement is unconsciously affected by the way
plant groupings fit or flow together, both on the
horizontal and vertical planes.
Hedges or rows of plants direct the attention to a focal
point or specific area.
Meandering lines or curves slow movement and create
a natural, undisturbed feeling.
Linear patterns are used to direct physical movement
and to draw attention to areas in your garden.
Color
 Paving and building materials along with plants
It is important to use a complementing color scheme with varying textures can add to the
throughout the yard. Sometimes, contrast can create atmosphere of your outdoor area.
some interest and excitement.
A simple way to unity is to:

Form can be expressed through built objects or trees

and shrubs of various shapes and sizes which create
natural patterns.
 Match warm colors to warm colors (red,  Tall plants create a vertical look drawing the
yellow, and orange) eye upward.
 Cool colors to cool colors (blue, purple and  Low spreading plants draw the eye to the
green) horizon.
Proper use of color theory can influence the mood felt
 Use individual specimen plants to break
in a yard
monotony and create interest.
 Warm colors tend to excite the viewer colors
A mixture of a variety of form becomes confusing.
like red are natural for focal points
 Cool colors are more likely to relax the viewer.
Colors like blue are a logical choice for
Texture
meditation gardens.
Texture is the touch or visual surface quality of an
Form object, or plant.The texture of a plants' foliage or
bloom can be viewed as coarse, medium or fine. Scale
In landscape design terminology, form is the shape of a
plant. Scale is the visual relationship of the landscape
Strategies:
It can be: components relative to size.
 Upright
 Mix plants with larger leaves and smaller
 Oval Your outdoor design should balance the size of the
leaves to avoid monotony in a planting bed
 Columnar buildings or established plants it surrounds, while
and to add visual interest.
 Spreading maintaining a comfortable human environment for the
 The greater the distance the plant is, the
 Broad Spreading individuals who will use the area.
smoother the texture appears to be.
 Weeping
 Softscape

 Element of a landscape design that comprise

live, horticultural elements. The all natural
area of the landscape consists ofplanting beds,
lawns & ground covers, plants, shrubs, trees,
organic mulch and other more transitory
elements that continue to change.
 The purpose of the softscape, from a design
perspective, is to lend character to the
landscape and create an aura and ambience
that reflects the sensibilities of the owners of
the home.
 Softening the landscape is the job of plants,
from turf to towering trees from minimal
planting schemes consisting of a single
specimen to massed planting in vast swathes
of colour, the options are boundless.

Softscape
scale
Hardscape
 The part of a building's grounds consisting of
structures, such as patios, retaining walls, and
walkways, made with hard materials.
 Many examples are cobble stone, bricks,
pavements, fence, metal railings, rocks, pots,
fountains, gnomes and more.
Function:
o creates links between buildings
o enclose space
o cater for pedestrian and vehicular
movements
o visually link a development with its
surrounding
o creates a path
1. Hardscape materials should be selected not
only for their appearance but also for their
ability to withstand the use for which they're
being put.
Gazebo
STEP BY STEP STRATEGIES IN LANDSCAPING
1. Decide why you want to landscape.
Most homeowners think of landscaping as a way to
add beauty to their homer to improve the resale value.
Other reasons to landscape might prove more
problem-oriented, such as trying to reduce noise,
create a microclimate or lure wildlife to a yard.
2. Set goals for use and maintenance.
Determine how the client wants to use the property.
Do you need a play area for their children, or perhaps
Water fountain would they like to focus on entertaining their family
and friends outdoors? Determine how much time they
want to spend in their yard.
3. Analyze the existing site.
Walk around the property, noting conditions that
make the yard unique. Does the site demand plants
Stone features that are tolerant of cold, wind, full sun, shade,
drought, occasional flooding? Look at existing plants
and decide which ones you want to keep. Plants that
always seem to have one problem or another
throughout the year are good candidates for removal.
4. Plan using gathered strategies on landscape
planning.
STRATEGIES IN PLANNING LANDSCAPE a great spot to listen to the sounds of a nearby
stream away from a busy house or play area.
Mix plant heights and the depths of planted beds.
 A standard approach to arranging plants is to
put the tallest at the rear, then stair-step
forward to the smallest. In some places, play
with the idea of putting a few taller plants
toward the front, or running a row or two of
ornamental grasses through a bed in an
undulating line. Once you have decided on the
character of the individual groups, then start
to group the groups so they fit together as a
unified whole. Create Understory Screens
 Sometimes, plantings are done to “screen out”
unwanted views, and sometimes just to add
plant diversity. Be sure to choose a mass of
different species to allow for flower and leaf
changes throughout the growing season and to
give you a change of scenery without ever
leaving your site.

Shrubs and trees with different heights harmonize

together
Select a dominant color, tone or theme.
 The overall design should have a dominant
color throughout its different parts to unify the
plan as a whole. The other colors play a
smaller role but add detail and variation.
Rainforest structure
Use Structural Devices
 Simple or even complicated decks and gazebos
can be freestanding, located away from
buildings and surrounded by plants. Decks can
also provide a comfortable platform for
enjoying significant views, and a gazebo can be
Illuminating Approaches
 Often used just for security, light has the
potential to add another unique texture to the
landscape simply by how it illuminates the
things around it. New technologies give
designers more ways than ever to direct light
 up, down, around and through different
elements. Of course how you use light will
make all the difference between good,
mundane or bad design.

Landscape Lighting Systems

1. Solar Landscaping Lights - This is the easiest

type to install. No electricity is used. Power is Birdbaths and feeders
supplied by the sun. This is an easy solution.
 Large accessories such as benches, water
2. Low Voltage Lighting - An easy system to fountains, stone features, urns, and statues
install. Wiring is located just slightly under the
ground. A transformer is needed typically on
the house for power. This is a general choice.

3. 120-Volt Lighting -This uses typical electrical

wiringwhich must be install to code. This tends
to be most expensive type.

Landscape Lighting Fixture

 Path Lighting for pathways Use Landscape Accessories
 Up and down lighting for trees  Trellis, arbors, and arches add height.
 Outdoor accent lighting LANDSCAPE SITE CONCERNS
 Post lights for more light
 House lighting Site concerns that are treated in a landscape plan
include the following:

Buildings
 Building and associated site developments are
typically comprised of a standard set of
components which include the following: main
 entries, minor entries, service areas,
foundation walls, parking areas, sidewalks, and
support utilities. Landscape elements such as
earth berms, vegetation, fences, and walls can
screen parking areas or other undesirable
views. Plantings at a building’s foundation
serve to visually tie the structure into the
landscape and accent building entries.
The harmonious blend of site elements enhances the
building’s entry.
Landscape treatment provides a softening effect to
typically harsh industrial architecture.
Parking
 The use of vegetation in parking area islands
can greatly improve the visual appearance as
well as help define vehicular and pedestrian
circulation. Landscape islands help reduce
glare and temperatures in hot climates
through the use of properly spaced large
shade trees.
Landscape islands articulate vehicular circulation
routes and provideshade and visual relief for parking
areas.
Streets
 Trees can define and reinforce roadway
circulation, reduce glare, provide shade, and
Earth berms effectively screen parking areas from view physically separate pedestrian from vehicular
along roadways. circulation routes. Planting arrangements
include the following:
- Formal Planting - Trees of equal size, spacing, and of
the same species should be reserved for prominent
primary roadways. If a tree dies or is damaged, the
total scheme can be adversely affected.
- Informal Planting - Trees of various species, sizes, and
spacing are a lower maintenance roadway treatment.
If a tree dies in a naturalized, informal setting there
will be less visible disruption to the total scheme.
Design parking areas to include enough vegetation to
provide avisual screen and shade. Trees and shrubs can
be used together foreffective screening.

The regular spacing of trees along streets is especially
effective inarticulating primary vehicular traffic routes.
Informal Planting
Pedestrian and Bicycle Movement
 Pedestrian walkways can be formal or
informal, depending on the pavement
configuration and vegetation arrangement.
Formalized walkways generally have a straight-
line pavement arrangement reinforced with a
regimented planting design. Informal
walkways are characterized by curved
alignment, and are appropriate in park settings
or along streets within naturalized landscape
settings.
Handicapped access (Ramp)
Repetitious treatment of trees and lights reinforces the
formal statement; Separation of pedestrian and
vehicular circulation improves safety.
Walking, jogging, and biking trails should be designed
within thenatural environment for maximum shade
and visual interest.
Entrance sidewalk and the handicap access ramp. Light
bollards restrict vehicular movement, as well as allow
Handicapped Accessibility pedestrian access.
 Consideration for the needs of the disabled is
necessary for each of the previously discussed
landscape site concerns.
II. CASE STUDY

LOCAL
Ayala Triangle Gardens

The trees were chosen to create a contrasting color

that would make an interest and excitement. The
colors of the flowers were used to form the flag of the
country.

 with a landscaped expanse of over 2 hectares Use of illuminating approaches

 situated at the middle of Paseo de Roxas,
Makati Avenue and Ayala Avenue that forms a
triangle
 considered as a refuge for the fast-
paced Makati life
 an ideal spot for people who want to distance
themselves from the everyday hustle bustle to
relax, unwind and get in touch with nature
 enjoyable for jogging, brisk walking or people-
watching
 with an open-air dining spots and pleasing
public art around the garden Created understory screens to “screen out” unwanted
 an spectacular holiday display of dancing lights views, which are the buildings
and sounds Trees are chosen to fit the country’s climate.
The public art serves as a hardscape too.
The trees create a pattern that indicates the pathway.
  with the lagoon that winds its way here and
there, little waterfalls and fountains that break
the monotony, sides that are choked with
variety of plants and trees, surprising corners
of “Zen garden", touches of local whimsy and a
dome-shaped Chapel of Santo Niño de la Paz
(Holy Infant of Peace)

Form is seen through the plants and designed

according to height.
Created understory screens to “screen out” unwanted
views, which are the buildings
Greenbelt Park

 located in and around the Greenbelt Mall

 offers many sights to give pause to both the
harassed office worker and the shopper Mixed plant heights and the depths of planted beds Use of structural devices such as gazebo
  Statues  Stone features

Use of illuminating Approaches

Use of Landscape Accessories:

 Statues  Water fountains

 Trellis
FOREIGN
Pureland Japanese Garden Views- UK (Europe)

Lantern-lit evening garden

 Japanese garden and meditation Centre

 approximately 2 hectares
 Buddha Maitreya acquired the land in 1973
 It was then a flat wasteland, the site of an old
farm house.
 Space used as, relaxation and meditation

 Bridges and Walkways

 Waterfalls (manmade)  Steps and grassy mounds.

 Traditional Japanese garden elements combine
to create a special peaceful and relaxing space. Beautiful ponds, bridges, reeds, lillies and carp, and the
sound of gently flowing waterfalls.
 of peace and beauty including a pagoda. This
shows unity.

 Pagoda used as hardscape (-was built using

scrap materials he found in the out-buildings, a
Zen garden, which consists of rocks and
chipped marble)
 The variety of textures, shapes and patterns.

 (softscapes and hardscapes together) the use

of stepping stones

 Example of color  The Japanese garden, built with inspiration of

the flowing hills and fields of Japan, is a place
III. Summary, Conclusion and
Recommendation
Summary
Landscape architecture is the
profession that encompasses the analysis,
planning, design, management and
stewardship of the natural and built
environment. Specifically, it encompasses the
design and planning of all external spaces
ranging from the design of the city, the urban
square and the city park to the regional
landscape. the term "landscape architecture"
has been used since it was adopted as a
professional title when Frederick Law Olmsted
and a man named, George Oskar used it as a
term to describe the whole professional task
for their winning entry for the design of
Central Park in New York City. Since then,
landscape architecture has been used as a
professional title after his works had been
recognized and widely admired.
There are also principles when it
comes to landscaping architecture. There
comes the unity simplicity, variety, balance,
which is the use of equilibrium in the
landscape design, emphasis, and sequence. All
of these principle defines and ties all individual
components together to create unity within a
design. Landscape architecture also comes
with different landscape elements which are
the criteria used in selecting and organizing
plants and hard-goods into the landscape. It
includes line, direction, color, form, texture
and scale. Using these elements, the designer
will be more likely to have a better landscape.
There are also types of landscaping, which is
the soft and hard landscaping. Soft landscaping
which includes all natural area of the
landscape consists of planting beds, lawns &
ground covers, plants, shrubs, trees, organic
mulch and other more transitory elements
that continue to change. On the other hand,
hard landscaping consists of structures, such
as patios, retaining walls, and walkways, made
with hard materials.
In achieving a better landscaping,
there are step by step strategies that we can
use. First, you need to decide why you want to
landscape. Next, you should set goals for use
and maintenance. After that, analyze the
existing site given. Then finally, plan using your
gathered information and strategies on
landscape planning.
Conclusion
Based on what we have learned from
our topic, we can say that landscape
architecture plays an important role in the
environmental protection through proper
designs and implemented projects that respect
both the needs of people and of our
environment. the relationship between the
determining factors, such as the materials, the
cultural and natural processes, as well as
environmental, social and psychological, must
be determined because it is which landscape
architecture is better achieved and realized. Its
main objectives are also very similar to the
design of the architectural design of the home
itself but the main difference is that the room
are outside, not inside. It holds various
elements and principles that should be used
and developed through proper landscaping
strategies and methods. And as individual, it is
important for us to know about and
understand the application of these principles,
to be able to achieve a well designed property,
which is properly integrated with its
surroundings, accessible, secure and
aesthetically pleasing from the outside. But
most of all, we therefore conclude that the
premium landscape architecture places on the
relationship between society and the natural
world, where sustainability was applied
through natural resources while at the same
time minimizes environmental degradation
and consumption, which aims to provide a
healthy, productive and meaningful life for all
members of society so that the needs of future
generations are not compromised.
Recommendation
The best way to create a better
landscape is to deeply understand the
relationship between the people and our
environment. As much as possible we must
maintain sustainability and consider it as an
integral part of the design process. Your goals
should be associated with creating a
sustainable built environment, which includes:
avoiding or otherwise minimizing the impacts
on resources; conserving ecosystems; using
renewable resources; avoiding waste where
possible by reuse; recycling and recovery;
supporting the general realization of human
potential and happiness.; and creating healthy
built environments and landscapes for present
and future generations. We can also
encourage the community and business
leaders to bring the existing built environment
up to sustainable design standards and to
reflect to the philosophy of sustainability in
the design and management of their
communities. We must be able to apply all the
strategies to the different elements to create a
landscape that is not just helpful to us, but also
not harmful to our environment.
References:
http://www.asla.org/ContentDetail.aspx?id=12200&Pa
geTitle=Education&RMenuId=54
http://www.sustland.umn.edu/design/module2.htm
http://www.ed.ac.uk/polopoly_fs/1.84183!/fileManag
er/Landscape-Architecture.pdf
http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/nati
onal/ndcsmc/?cid=nrcs143_009159
http://www.commonsenselandscaping.com/articles/pr
incipleelementsoflandscape.htm
http://www.gardenvisit.com/landscape_architecture
http://www.ext.colostate.edu/mg/gardennotes/413.ht
mlhttp://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/mg086
http://www.ed.ac.uk/polopoly_fs/1.84183!/fileManag
er/Landscape-Architecture.pdf
http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/nati
onal/ndcsmc/?cid=nrcs143_009159
http://www.businessballs.com/pureland_japanese_ga
rden_meditation.htm