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I. Related Literature: History of Landscape Architecture
I. Related Literature: History of Landscape Architecture
I. RELATED LITERATURE regional landscape lie business parks, land reclamation a daily basis.
and urban regeneration, forestry, public realm, Plants control runoff and erosion.
INTRODUCTION streetscapes and urban design. Plants reduce noise pollution up to 50 percent.
Plants creates green space for human rest and
Landscape has six main compositional elements: recreation.
landform, vertical structures, horizontal structures, History of Landscape Architecture
vegetation, water, and climate.
The term landscape architecture was invented PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN
Landscape Design is the art of arranging these by Gilbert Laing Meason in 1828.
elements to make good outdoor space. Frederick Law Olmsted, Calvert Vaux and a is a process that defines and ties all individual
man named George Oskar gave a different components together to create unity within a design.
slant to the meaning of 'landscape
architecture', using the term to describe the Unity
whole professional task of designing a One of the basics of landscape design is creating a
composition of planting, landform, water central theme to build your outdoor plan upon. A
paving and other structures and adopted it in unified look is important to a beautiful landscape
1863 as a professional title. design.
Their first use of the term was in the winning
entry for the entry for the design of Central
Park in New York City.
1.Landform
2.Water Importance of Landscape Architecture
3.Horizontal structures
4.Vertical structures Economic Benefits:
5.Vegetation Landscaping enhances property values.
6. Climate Proper placement of shade trees and
evergreen reduces cooling costs
Landscape Architecture is a discipline which deals with
the design of the built environment. Specifically, it Environmental Benefits:
encompasses the design and planning of all external one tree removes 26 pounds of carbon dioxide
spaces ranging from the design of the city, the urban from the air every year and releases about 13
Volcanoes inspired landscape
square and the city park to the regional landscape.
Variety is mixing up the form, texture, and color Example of formal balance:
combinations in a landscape to create extra interest
without sacrificing the simplicity of the design.
Emphasis
Japanese Tea Garden Theme Plants and plant groupings provide a
representation of the types of plants that will
occupy an area once the landscape design is
Simplicity means understanding what is, and is not completed. A plant grouping might show a
important in a landscape design. Details that will not Balance is the relationship between elements in the
shrub border between properties, or it may
have a major impact on the landscape are omitted to landscape. Formal balance would usually mean that represent a perennial bed location.
keep it in order. one side of the landscape is a mirror of the other, Specimen plants can be part of a larger
while informal balance is when plant sizes and planting, but usually stand alone in the
numbers are only relatively similar on both sides. landscape. Specimen plants provide specific
seasonal interest or color through flowers,
Example of informal balance: fruit, or leaves.
Accent plants are plants of special interest
that are usually part of a larger planting.
Accent plants provide interest throughout the
seasons through specific forms, textures,
colors, etc.
Key plants are plants that are usually placed in
highly visible location. They can be used alone
or in groups of three or more. They are
associated with screening or softening of
architectural features, such as building
corners, steps, fences, etc. They can provide
emphasis if the chosen species provides Sequence is a gradual transition from one area to Line
interesting seasonal interest, form or texture. another within a landscape. A landscape with
Plant groups are plants of the same species sequence has one element changing at a time rather Landscape designers use lines to create patterns,
spaced so that when mature, they just touch than several changing at once. A landscape with a develop spaces, create forms, control movement,
each other and you can still see the outline of coarse-textured plant next to a fine-textured plant is establish dominance, and create a cohesive theme in a
each individual plant. an example of poor sequence. landscape. Landscape lines are created several ways:
Massed plants are plants of the same species when two different materials meet on the ground
spaced so that when mature, they grow plane, such as the edge of a brick patio meeting an
together to form a solid area of that species. expanse of green turf; or when the edge of an object is
You will not be able to discern individual plants visible or contrasts with a background, such as the
in a mass. outline of a tree against the sky; or by the placement
of a material in a line, such as a fence.
Softscape
scale
Hardscape STEP BY STEP STRATEGIES IN LANDSCAPING
The part of a building's grounds consisting of 1. Decide why you want to landscape.
structures, such as patios, retaining walls, and Most homeowners think of landscaping as a way to
walkways, made with hard materials. add beauty to their homer to improve the resale value.
Many examples are cobble stone, bricks, Other reasons to landscape might prove more
pavements, fence, metal railings, rocks, pots, problem-oriented, such as trying to reduce noise,
fountains, gnomes and more. create a microclimate or lure wildlife to a yard.
Function:
o creates links between buildings 2. Set goals for use and maintenance.
o enclose space Determine how the client wants to use the property.
o cater for pedestrian and vehicular Do you need a play area for their children, or perhaps
movements Water fountain would they like to focus on entertaining their family
o visually link a development with its and friends outdoors? Determine how much time they
surrounding want to spend in their yard.
o creates a path
1. Hardscape materials should be selected not 3. Analyze the existing site.
only for their appearance but also for their Walk around the property, noting conditions that
ability to withstand the use for which they're make the yard unique. Does the site demand plants
being put. Stone features that are tolerant of cold, wind, full sun, shade,
drought, occasional flooding? Look at existing plants
and decide which ones you want to keep. Plants that
always seem to have one problem or another
throughout the year are good candidates for removal.
Gazebo
STRATEGIES IN PLANNING LANDSCAPE a great spot to listen to the sounds of a nearby
stream away from a busy house or play area.
Mix plant heights and the depths of planted beds.
A standard approach to arranging plants is to
put the tallest at the rear, then stair-step
forward to the smallest. In some places, play
with the idea of putting a few taller plants
toward the front, or running a row or two of
ornamental grasses through a bed in an
undulating line. Once you have decided on the
character of the individual groups, then start
to group the groups so they fit together as a
unified whole. Create Understory Screens
Sometimes, plantings are done to “screen out”
unwanted views, and sometimes just to add
plant diversity. Be sure to choose a mass of
different species to allow for flower and leaf
changes throughout the growing season and to
give you a change of scenery without ever
leaving your site.
Buildings
Building and associated site developments are
typically comprised of a standard set of
components which include the following: main
entries, minor entries, service areas, Parking
foundation walls, parking areas, sidewalks, and The use of vegetation in parking area islands
support utilities. Landscape elements such as can greatly improve the visual appearance as
earth berms, vegetation, fences, and walls can well as help define vehicular and pedestrian
screen parking areas or other undesirable circulation. Landscape islands help reduce
views. Plantings at a building’s foundation glare and temperatures in hot climates
serve to visually tie the structure into the through the use of properly spaced large
landscape and accent building entries. shade trees.
Streets
Trees can define and reinforce roadway
circulation, reduce glare, provide shade, and
The harmonious blend of site elements enhances the Earth berms effectively screen parking areas from view physically separate pedestrian from vehicular
building’s entry. along roadways. circulation routes. Planting arrangements
include the following:
Landscape treatment provides a softening effect to Design parking areas to include enough vegetation to
typically harsh industrial architecture. provide avisual screen and shade. Trees and shrubs can
be used together foreffective screening.
line pavement arrangement reinforced with a
regimented planting design. Informal
walkways are characterized by curved
alignment, and are appropriate in park settings
or along streets within naturalized landscape
settings.
LOCAL
Ayala Triangle Gardens
Trellis
FOREIGN
Pureland Japanese Garden Views- UK (Europe)
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