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LIAN 98 (En) - Protocol IEC 60870-5-101, Telegram Structure
LIAN 98 (En) - Protocol IEC 60870-5-101, Telegram Structure
LIAN 98 (En) - Protocol IEC 60870-5-101, Telegram Structure
The telegram with variable length is used for the data transmission of the user data between the controlling station and the controlled station
and in the reversed direction.
The telegram with fixed length is normally used for link layer services. In special cases this format with fixed length can also be used as an
acknowledgement instead of a single character.
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6/30/2020 LIAN 98(en) : Protocol IEC 60870-5-101, Telegram structure
Single character
The single character is normally used in order to confirm data link services and user data.
You will find more information to the link control field in the standard documentation.
<IEC 60870-5-2 : Link transmission procedures>
( English version EN 60870-5-2:1993 ).
Alternating bit for consecutive SEND/ CONFIRM or REQUEST/ RESPOND messages per station. The primary station
alternates the FCB bit for each new SEND/ CONFIRM or REQUEST/ RESPOND transmission service directed to the
same secondary station.
If an expected reply is timed out ( missing ), then the same SEND/ CONFIRM and REQUEST/ RESPOND service is
repeated with the same frame count bit.
In case of a reset command the FCB bit is always zero, and upon receipt of these commands the secondary station
expects always that the following primary message is set with FCV = valid ( FCV = 1 ) in order to have the opposite
value of FCB ( i.e. FCB = 1 ).
SEND/ NO REPLY services, broadcast messages and other transmission services that tolerate the duplication or the
deletion of information output do not alternate the FCB bit and indicate this by a cleared FCV bit.
The transmission of data class 1 is normally used for events or for messages with high priority. Class 2 data transmission
is normally used for cyclic transmission or for low priority.
Secondary ( responding ) stations indicate with this message to the initiating ( primary ) station that an immediate
succession of a further message may cause a buffer overflow.
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6/30/2020 LIAN 98(en) : Protocol IEC 60870-5-101, Telegram structure
The function codes are described in the chapter <IEC 60870-5-101 : Simulation> later in this document.
Transmission procedures of the link layer are using the control field and an optional link address field.
The link address is a number for a communication interface that is used from a controlling station for the connection. It is only used as
address in the communication network itself and shall not be part of the total address of a data point.
According to the standard this parameter can consist of 0, 1 or 2 octets. 0 is only valid for balanced transmission.
Type-identification ( TypeID ) :
The value ZERO is not used. The range of numbers 1 up to 127 is used for standard definitions from IEC 60870-5-101 standard. The range
128 up to 135 is reserved for routing of messages. The numbers 136 up to 255 are used for special use.
The range of numbers 128 to 255 is private and not defined in the standard, but it is recommended that the data unit identifier fields of
private ASDUs have the same format as standard ASDUs.
The following table shows the definition of Type-identification numbers for process and system information in monitor and control direction.
14 Measured value, short floating point value with time tag M_ME_TC_1
19 Packed output circuit information of protection equipment with time tag M_EP_TC_1
36 Measured value, short floating point value with time tag CP56Time2a M_ME_TF_1
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6/30/2020 LIAN 98(en) : Protocol IEC 60870-5-101, Telegram structure
39 Packed start events of protection equipment with time tag CP56time2a M_EP_TE_1
40 Packed output circuit information of protection equipment with time tag CP56Time2a M_EP_TF_1
60 ( IEC 104 ) Regulating step command with time tag CP56Time2a C_RC_TA_1
61 ( IEC 104 ) Set point command, normalized value with time tag CP56Time2a C_SE_TA_1
62 ( IEC 104 ) Set point command, scaled value with time tag CP56Time2a C_SE_TB_1
63 ( IEC 104 ) Set point command, short floating point value with time tag CP56Time2a C_SE_TC_1
107 ( IEC 104 ) Test command with time tag CP56Time2a C_TS_TA_1
File transfer :
122 Call directory, select file, call file, call section F_SC_NA_1
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6/30/2020 LIAN 98(en) : Protocol IEC 60870-5-101, Telegram structure
LIAN 98 is able to process user-defined messages of non standard types up to 255, provided they have the same general telegram
structure as IEC 60870-5-101 standard telegrams.
The SQ bit specifies the method of addressing of the following information objects or elements.
SQ = 0 Each single element or a combination of elements is addressed by the information object address. The ASDU may consist
of one or more than one equal information object. The number of objects is binary coded ( number of objects ) and defines
the number of the information objects.
SQ = 1 A sequence of equal information objects ( e.g. measured values of identical format ) is addressed by the information object
address. The information object address specifies the associated address of the first information element of the sequence.
The following information elements are identified by numbers continuously by + 1 from this offset. The number of objects is
binary coded ( number of elements ) and defines the number of the information elements. In case of a sequence of
information elements only one information object per ASDU is allocated.
The cause of transmission directs the ASDU to a specific application task ( program ) for processing. ASDUs in control direction are
confirmed application services and may be mirrored in monitor direction with different causes of transmission. The value ZERO is not used.
P/ N The P / N-bit indicates the positive or negative confirmation of an activation requested by a primary application function. In
the case of irrelevance the P/N-bit is zero.
T In addition to the cause the test-bit defines ASDUs which were generated during test conditions. The test bit is used e.g. to
test transmission and equipment without controlling the process.
...
1 periodic, cyclic
2 background interrogation
3 spontaneous
4 initialized init
6 activation act
8 deactivation deact
13 data transmission
...
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...
44 type-Identification unknown
45 cause unknown
...
Originator address :
The originator address directs mirrored ASDUs and interrogated ASDUs in monitor direction (e.g. interrogated by a general interrogation) to
the source that activated the procedure ( in case of redundant systems ).
If the originator address is not used and there is more than one single source in a system defined, the ASDUs in monitor direction have to be
directed to all relevant sources of the system. In this case the specific affected source has to select its specific ASDUs..
The common address is associated with all objects in an ASDU. The global address is a broadcast address directed to all stations of a
specific system (broadcast address ). ASDUs with a broadcast address in control direction have to be answered in monitor direction by the
address that is the specific defined common address ( station address ). According to the standard this parameter can consist of 1 or 2
octets.
The information object address is used as destination address in control direction and as source address in monitor direction.
The third octet is only used in case of structuring the information object address in order to define unambiguous addresses within a specific
system. In all cases the maximum number of different object addresses is limited to 65 535 ( as for two octets ). If the information object
address is not relevant ( not used ) in some ASDUs, it is set to zero.
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