Medical-Surgical Nursing
CARE OF CLIENTS WITH PROBLEMS IN OXYGFENATION, FLU
Pain & SURGERY
Surgery as an art and science
- branch of medicine that comprises
perioperative patient care
- encompassing activities such as
preoperative preparation, intra operative
judgment and management, and post-
operative care
Surgery as a Discipline
- combines physiologic management with an
interventional aspect of treatment.
- is a total care of illness with an extra
modality of treatment, the surgical procedure.
- Highly subjective
- unpleasant sensory and
emotional experience
- associated with actual or
potential tissue damage
- most common reason for
seeking health care.
- Nurses need to understand the
pathophysiology of pain, the
physiologic and psychological
consequences of acute and
chronic pain, and the methods
used to treat paint.
The fifth vital sign
- Pain management is
considered such an important
part of care
- Documentation of pain
assessment is now as prominent
as the documentation of
“traditional” vital signs.
- Patient have the right to
appropriate assessment and
management of pain.
- Primary care provider’s role is
to assess and ameliorate pain by
administering medications and
other treatments.
Types of Pain
- Pain is categorized according to
its duration, location, and
etiology.
- Three basics category: acute
pain, chronic (nonmalignant)
pain, and cancer-related pain.
ACUTE PAIN
- Usually of recent onset and
commonly associated with a
specific injury.
- Indicates that damage or injury
has occurred.
- If no lasting damage occur &
no systematic disease exists,
acute pain usually decreases
along with healing.
- Lasts from seconds to 6
months.
 - 6 months has been criticized as
inaccurate since acute injuries
heal within a weeks and most
heal by 6 weeks.
- Healing is expected in 3 weeks
and the patient continues to
suffer from pain, it should be
considered chronic.
Chronic (nonmalignant) pain
- Constant or intermittent pain
- Persists beyond the healing
time & can seldom be attributed
to specific causes or injury.
- Difficult to treat bc the cause or
origin may be unclear.
- Pain that lasts for 6 months or
longer,