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Differences Among Bacteria, Arcahea, and Eukarya How Archaea Cope With Extreme Environments
Differences Among Bacteria, Arcahea, and Eukarya How Archaea Cope With Extreme Environments
Differences Among Bacteria, Arcahea, and Eukarya How Archaea Cope With Extreme Environments
Haloquadratum walsbyi
Archaeal Cell Wall
Halomucin
Archaeal Cell Wall
Glutaminylglycan
• The cell wall of the highly halophilic and alkaliphilic genus Natronococcus (3.5
M salt and pH 9.5–10) consists of a glutamine polymer.
• In contrast to poly-γ-D-glutamyl polymers present in
bacteria Bacillus, Sporosarcina, or Planococcus, the archaeal polymer is
formed from L-glutamines linked via the γ-carboxylic group, yielding a chain of
about 60 monomers.
• Archaeal poly-γ-L-glutamine chain is glycosylated, containing two types of
oligosaccharide in comparison to bacterial polymer.
• The first oligosaccharide consists of a GlcNAc pentasaccharide at the reducing
end and multiple GalA residues at the nonreducing end
• The second presents a GalNAc disaccharide at the reducing end and two Glc
units at the nonreducing end.
Archaeal Cell Wall poly-γ-L-glutamine chain
Glutaminylglycan