Motion

Motion Distance Speed

• Change in position of an object • Length of the total path travelled • Distance travelled by a body per
with respect to time. by a body. unit time.
• Change in position is based on • SI Unit: metre(m) • SI Unit: metre/second (m/s)
the reference point of an
individual.
Distance
1 h 52 min • Speed =
187 km Time

Scalar quantity Displacement Uniform Speed

• Quantities having only • Length of the shortest path • Body travelling equal distance at
magnitude and no direction. travelled by a body. equal intervals of time.
• Examples: Speed, mass, distance, • SI Unit: metre(m) • Average speed = Speed
volume, etc.
ance Non-uniform Speed
Dist
Vector quantity A
• Quantities having both Dis • Body travelling unequal distance
pla
cem
magnitude and direction. ent at equal intervals of time.
B
• Change in either magnitude or • Average speed
the direction, changes the value Acceleration Total distance travelled
of the vector quantity. • Rate of change of velocity with =
Total time taken
• Examples: Velocity, acceleration, time.
force, displacement, etc. • SI Unit: metre/second squared Uniform Circular Motion
Equations of Motion (m/s2) • Body undergoing circular motion

• v = u + at Distance –Time Graph at a constant speed.

• v2 = u2 + 2as • Determines the change in the Velocity

• s = ut + 1 at2 position of the object.

2
Where,
s = displacement
u = initial velocity
v = final velocity
a = acceleration
t = time of motion
• Slope gives the speed of the
object.
• Line graph of uniform motion is Acceleration
always a straight line.
• Time lies on the x-axis while the
distance on the y-axis.

Velocity –Time Graph

• Body traces a circle with a fixed
• Slope gives the acceleration of the object.
centre.
• Line graph of uniform velocity is a straight line.
• Time lies on the x-axis while the velocity on the y-axis. • At every point, the body changes

• Distance travelled is the area under the graph. its direction.

Terminologies of Uniform Circular motion

Time Period (T) Frequency (f)
The number of revolutions the body completes in one
Time taken by the body to complete one revolution. second 1
f = — Unit: Hertz (Hz)
T
Angular Speed Centripetal Force
Speed of the object in rotational motion. It is the Centripetal force is the force acting on a body in a
rate at which the angle subtended at the centre circular path. It points towards the centre around
changes. which the body is moving.
2Л mv2
Angular speed, ω = Centripetal Force, F = r
T