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Sensorless Control Strategy of Electrical Variable Transmission Machines For Wind Energy Conversion Systems
Sensorless Control Strategy of Electrical Variable Transmission Machines For Wind Energy Conversion Systems
Sensorless Control Strategy of Electrical Variable Transmission Machines For Wind Energy Conversion Systems
This paper focuses on the control for the dual power flow wind energy conversion system (DPF-WECS) based on the permanent
magnet electrical variable transmission (PM-EVT) machine. The PM-EVT machine can be considered as two permanent magnet syn-
chronous machines (PMSMs) by ignoring the magnetic field coupling between the inner rotor and stator windings. For the DPF-WECS,
the speed of the inner rotor should be controlled precisely to generate the constant voltage and constant frequency electricity. However,
the rotor position of the inner PMSM composed of the inner rotor and outer rotor is difficult to be measured exactly due to the rotational
stator and rotor. Thus the inner PMSM is hardly to be controlled using vector control strategy with the measured rotor position. In
this paper, a sensorless control strategy based on the model reference adaptive system (MRAS) for the PM-EVT machines with double
layer permanent magnet outer rotor for the DPF-WECS is proposed and evaluated by simulation. The effectiveness of proposed control
strategy is verified by experimental results.
Index Terms—Dual power flow wind energy conversion system (DPF-WECS), electrical variable transmission (EVT), permanent
magnet synchronous machine (PMSM), sensorless control strategy.
I. INTRODUCTION
(1)
(2)
Fig. 3. Control block diagram of the DPF-WECS based on the PM-EVT.
where , , , , , , and are current components,
voltage components, resistance, inductance and permanent
is connected with the inner rotor. The power supplied by the magnet flux linkage, respectively. Then (2) can be derived as
wind turbine can be divided into two parts, namely mechan-
ical power and electric power . The mechanical power (3)
is transmitted through the coupling of the two rotors with high
efficiency, while the electrical power is transmitted to the
inner rotor by the back-to-back converter with relatively low while (4)
efficiency.
TABLE I
PARAMETERS OF THE PROTOTYPE
Fig. 5. Simulation waveforms of the WECS based on the PM-EVT. (a) Outer
rotor speed. (b) Inner rotor speed. (c) Rotor position of the inner PMSM.
(8)
Fig. 5. Fig. 5(a) illustrates the outer rotor speed of the PM-EVT.
current control strategy is most commonly used for the It can be seen that the actual speed follows the reference speed
vector control for the PMSM due to the simplicity and effec- well, which means that the MPPT control is realized. The
tiveness. When adopting control, the actual of the simulated result of the inner rotor speed based on the MRAS
machine will be close to zero and the MRAS observer (8) can control is shown in Fig. 5(b). From 0 s to 0.6 s, the inner rotor
be simplified as is not started, the speed is zero and then the speed of inner
PMSM is equal to the outer rotor speed with opposite rotation
direction. The inner rotor speed is set to 1000 r/min at 0.6 s,
(9) then the inner rotor speed remains the constant given value
as shown in Fig. 5(b). It can be seen from Fig. 5(c) that the
From (9) it can be known that the estimated speed of the inner estimated rotor positions of the inner PMSM match the actual
PMSM is only determined by the -axis current. Therefore, the ones very well. The simulation results verify the effectiveness
velocity of the observing speed can be improved obviously. of MPPT control strategy for the outer rotor and MRAS based
The simulation and experiment will be developed based on this sensorless control for the inner rotor.
scheme to testify the effectiveness.
B. Experimental Results
IV. SIMULATION AND EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS The 10 kW PM-EVT prototype was fabricated as shown in
To testify the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy, Fig. 6. The three parts of the prototype are shown in Fig. 6(a)
a PM-EVT prototype with the rated capacity of 10 kW has been and the experimental platform is shown in Fig. 6(b).
designed and built for verification. The parameters of the proto- Fig. 7 shows the experimental results of the PM-EVT with
type of the PM-EVT are listed in Table I. the proposed strategy. The MRAS control for the inner rotor is
tested first when the outer rotor is not started. The step speed is
A. Simulation Results given to the inner rotor. The measured inner rotor speed wave-
The proposed control strategy for the WECS based on form is shown in Fig. 7(a). It can be seen that the actual speed
the PM-EVT is first validated by the simulation platform can follow the given reference speed well. The estimated inner
of Matlab/Simulink. The simulated waveforms are shown in rotor position demonstrated in Fig. 7(b) varies regularly from 0
3386 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS, VOL. 49, NO. 7, JULY 2013
the right Y-axis is the inner rotor speed. The step wind speed
is given to test the MPPT efficiency. It can be seen that the
outer rotor speed can follow the reference optimum speed well,
which means that the MPPT control is realized. The inner rotor
speed under the sensorless control based on the MRAS observer
remains 200 r/min while the outer rotor speed is changing. The
experimental results shown in Fig. 7 verify the effectiveness of
the proposed strategy for the WECS based on the PM-EVT.
V. CONCLUSION
In this paper, the control strategy for the PM-EVT based DPF-
WECS is designed and developed. The sensorless control based
on the MRAS is adopted in the control of inner rotor to im-
prove the performance and reliability of the system. Besides,
the optimum speed ratio MPPT control strategy is developed
for the outer rotor of the PM-EVT. Both the simulation and ex-
perimental results of the PM-EVT confirm the effectiveness of
the proposed control strategy. The control strategy proposed in
Fig. 6. Experimental prototype and test platform. (a) Structure of the three parts this paper is also meaningful for the EVT machines applied to
of the PM-EVT. (b) Experimental platform.
other fields.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
This work was supported in part by Grants from the National
Natural Science Foundation of China (Project 51137001),
Innovative Scholar Ascent Program of Jiangsu Province, China
(Project BK2010013), and Scientific Research Innovation Plan
for graduate students in Jiangsu Province of 2011 (Project
CXLX_0109).
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