Steel Roof Truss1

STEEL ROOF TRUSS
Spacing of Truss 4.0 m

Height of Truss 20.0 m Location Ahmedabad
Span of Truss 15.0 m
Rise of Truss 3.0 m
No. of Purlins including Ridge & Eaves 10 Nos.
Length of shed 30.0 m
Roof covering material other
Probable life of structure 25.0 Years
Terrain category , Class Category 3 - average height of numerous object surrounding the structure is upto 10 m.
Topography of ground Slope less than 3.0 °
Opening of Building 10.0 % of wall area
SOLUTION
Preliminary Calculation
(i) Angle of Roof Truss tan α = RISE / ( SPAN / 2 )
α= 21.80 °
( ii ) Length of Principal Rafter = 8.08 m
( iii ) Half Plan area = 30.00 sq.m
( iv ) Half slope area = 32.31 sq.m
Dead Load ( IS 875:1987 Part-1 )

(i) Weight of Roofing Material
For A.C. sheet , Assume Weight 150 N/m2 on slope area
= 4846.65 N
( ii ) Weight of Purlin
Assume weight of purlin 120 N/m2 on plan area
= 3600.00 N
( iii ) Self weight of Roof Truss
= 100 N/m2 on plan area
= 3000.00 N
( iv ) Weight of wind bracing
Assume weight of wind bracing 12 N/m2 on plan area
= 360.00 N
TOTAL DEAD LOAD 11806.65 N (For One side of truss )
on each side of truss there are 4 panel point

D.L. on Intermediate Panel Point ( Full Panel Point ) = 2951.66 N
= 2.95 KN
D.L. on End Panel Point ( Half Panel Point ) = 1475.83 N
1.48 KN
Live load ( IS 875 : 1987 Part -2 )

Live load on Purlin = 0.75 KN/m2 ( IS 875 : 1987 Part -2 , Page No. 14 Table-2 ) for
= 0.514 KN/ m2
= 0.514 KN/ m2
Live load on Roof Truss ( IS 875 : 1987 Part-2 Page 13 Clause 4.5.1 )
= 342.65 N/ m2
Total Live Load = 10279.44 N ( on Plan Area )
L.L. on Intermediate Panel Point ( Full Panel Point ) = 2569.86 N
= 2.57 KN
L.L. on End Panel Point ( Half Panel Point ) = 1284.93 N
1.28 KN
Wind Load ( IS 875 : 1987 Part-3 )

Design wind speed : [ IS 875 part-3 , page 8 clause 5.3 )
Vz = Vb * K1 * K2 * K3
Vb = 39 m/sec [ for Ahmedabad ] ( Page 53 APPENDIX-A fig-1)
K1 = Risk Co-efficient ( IS 875 : 1987 part-3, page 11 table-1 )
= 0.92 ( for Life 25.0 Years )
K2 = Terrain Height and Structure Size Co-efficient
= 1.01 ( IS 875 : 1987 part-3, page 12 ) for 20.0 m height
K3= Topography Factor ( Page 12 , clause 5.3.3.1 Θ< 3.0 °
= 1.00 For Θ> 3.0 °
Vz = 36.24 m/sec
Design wind Pressure ( Pz )
Pz = 0.6 * Vz 2 ( IS 875 : 1987 Page 12 Clause 5.4 )
2
= 787.95 N/m
Wind Load ( F )
F = ( Cpe +- Cpi ) *A* Pz ( IS 875 table -5 page 13 clause 6.3.1 )
Cpe = External pressure co-efficient
h/w= 1.33
For wind angle Θ = 0.0 ° 90.0 °
EF side GH side EG side FH side
Cpe = -0.61 -0.50 -0.80 -0.64
For wind angle Θ =
Cpe = -0.8 -0.636

maximum value of Cpe from above value
Cpe = -0.80
Cpi = Internal pressure co-efficient ( IS 875: 1987 part-3 clause 6.2.3 page 27,36,wall opening = 10 %
= +- 0.5
F = -33097.29 N ( -ve sign indicates suction )
W.L. on Intermediate Panel Point ( Full Panel Point ) = 8274.32 N
= 8.27 KN
W.L. on End Panel Point ( Half Panel Point ) = 4137.16 N
4.14 KN
Final Result
D.L. = 2.95 KN ( downward )
L.L. = 2.57 KN ( downward )
W.L. = 8.27 KN ( Upward )
C
B 2.25
1.5
21.80 ° 0.75
A P O N
1.875 1.875 1.875 1.875
Moment @ A = 0
RI x 15 -60 = 0 RI = 4 KN
JOINT Σ Fx
A Fab x 0.93 + Fap = 0
FAP = 10 KN
P -Fap+Fpo= 0
FPO = 10 KN
Ridge point
structure is upto 10 m.
Purlin
Main Tie Tie Eaves

Principal Rafter
10.0 ° slope
( Appendix -C page 55,56 )
e 27,36,wall opening = 10 % )
F
3.0 m G
H
M L K J I
1.875 1.875 1.875 1.875
RA+RI = 8 RA = 4 KN
Σ Fy
Fab x 0.37 4= 0
FAB = -10.77 KN
Fbp = 0
FBP = 0
Spacing of truss Asbestos Cement Sheeting ( IS
Span Spacing
< 15 m 3 m to 4.5 m Corrugated ( pitch-146 mm )
15 m-30m 4.5 m to 6.0 m Semi-corrugated ( pitch-340 m
Ridge point >30 m 12m to 15 m Plain
Metal sheeting,protected Gal
Purlins
Spacing of roof truss Type of steel section Class 1
small ( 3 m to 4 m ) Angle Class 1
Medium ( 4 m to 5 m ) Channels Class 1
Large ( > 5 m ) I-section Class 1
Spacing of Purlins 1.35 m to 2.0 m Class 1
Class 2
Class 2
Class 2
Class 2
Class 2
Class 3
Class 3
Class 3
Class 3
Eaves Class 3
Class 4
Class 4
Class 4
Class 4
Class 4
Glass
Plywood
H/W
<=0.5
0.5<h/w<=1.5
1.5<h/w<=6
Asbestos Cement Sheeting ( IS : 459-1970 )
Thickness
Corrugated ( pitch-146 mm ) 6.00 mm 0.118 KN/m2 to 0.13 KN/m2
Semi-corrugated ( pitch-340 mm ) 6.00 mm 0.118 KN/m2 to 0.127 KN/m2
5.00 mm 0.09 KN/m2
Metal sheeting,protected Galvanised Steel sheets,Plain and Corrugated (IS : 277-1985 )
Thickness
1.60 mm 0.131 KN/m2
1.26 mm 0.104 KN/m2 Probable life of structure A.C. sheet-corrugated ( Pitch-146 mm )
2
1.00 mm 0.084 KN/m 5 A.C. sheet-semi-corrugated ( Pitch-340 mm )
0.80 mm 0.069 KN/m2 25 A.C. sheet-plain
0.63 mm 0.056 KN/m2 50 Metal sheet ( Galvanised sheet ) Class 1
2
1.60 mm 0.129 KN/m 100 Metal sheet ( Galvanised sheet ) Class 2
2
1.25 mm 0.102 KN/m Metal sheet ( Galvanised sheet ) Class 3
1.00 mm 0.083 KN/m2 Metal sheet ( Galvanised sheet ) Class 4
2
0.80 mm 0.067 KN/m Glass
2
0.63 mm 0.054 KN/m Plywood
1.60 mm 0.128 KN/m2 other
2
1.25 mm 0.101 KN/m
1.00 mm 0.081 KN/m2
0.80 mm 0.066 KN/m2
0.63 mm 0.053 KN/m2
1.60 mm 0.127 KN/m2
1.25 mm 0.1 KN/m2
1.00 mm 0.081 KN/m2
0.80 mm 0.065 KN/m2
0.63 mm 0.052 KN/m2
2.00 mm 0.049 KN/m2 ( IS : 2835-1977 )
2
2.50 mm 0.062 KN/m
3.00 mm 0.074 KN/m2
4.00 mm 0.098 KN/m2
5.00 mm 0.123 KN/m2
5.50 mm 0.134 KN/m2
6.50 mm 0.167 KN/m2
1.00 mm 0.007 KN/m2
Wind Angle 0 Wind angle 90
Roof AngleEF GH EG FH
0 -0.8 -0.4 -0.8 -0.4 -0.33 -0.40 -0.70 -0.60
5 -0.9 -0.4 -0.8 -0.4
10 -1.2 -0.4 -0.8 -0.6
20 -0.4 -0.4 -0.7 -0.6
30 0 -0.4 -0.7 -0.6
45 0.3 -0.5 -0.7 -0.6
60 0.7 -0.6 -0.7 -0.6
0 -0.8 -0.6 -1 -0.6 -0.61 -0.50 -0.80 -0.64
5 -0.9 -0.6 -0.9 -0.6
10 -1.1 -0.6 -0.8 -0.6
20 -0.7 -0.5 -0.8 -0.6
30 -0.2 -0.5 -0.8 -0.8
45 0.2 -0.5 -0.8 -0.8
60 0.6 -0.5 -0.8 -0.8
0 -0.7 -0.6 -0.5 -0.7 -0.84 -0.58 -0.80 -0.78
5 -0.7 -0.6 -0.8 -0.8
10 -0.7 -0.6 -0.8 -0.8
20 -0.8 -0.6 -0.8 -0.8
30 -1 -0.5 -0.8 -0.7
40 -0.2 -0.5 -0.8 -0.7
50 0.2 -0.5 -0.8 -0.7
60 0.5 -0.5 -0.8 -0.7
tch-340 mm )
WIND SPEED AT 10
m HEIGHT FOR
SOME IMPORTANT
Town
Basic wind Speed m/s
Sr. No.
Agra 47
Ahmedaba 39 1
Ajmer 47 2
Almora 47 3
Amritsar 47 4
Asansol 47
Aurangaba 39
Bahraich 47
Banglore ( 33
Barauni 47
Bareilly 47
Bhatinda 47
Bhilai 39
Bhopal 39
Bhubanesw 50
Bhuj 50
Bikaner 47
Bokaro 47
Chandigarh 47
Chennai 50
Coimbator 39
Cuttack 50
Darbhanga 55
Darjeeling 47
Dehra Dun 47
Delhi 47
Durgapur 47
Gangtok 47
Guwahati 50
Gaya 39
Gorakhpur 47
Hydrabad 44
Imphal 47
Jabalpur 47
Jaipur 47
Jamshedpu 47
Jhansi 47
Jodhpur 47
Kanpur 47
Kohima 44
Kolkata 50
Kozhikode 39
Kurnool 39
Lakshadwe 39
Lucknow 47
Ludhiana 47
Madurai 39
Mandi 39
Mangaluru 39
Moradaba 47
Mumbai 44
Mysuru 33
Nagpur 44
Nainital 47
Nashik 39
Nellore 50
Panjim 39
Patiala 47
Patna 47
Pondicherry 50
Port Blair 44
Pune 39
Raipur 39
Rajkot 39
Ranchi 39
Roorkee 39
Rourkela 39
Shimla 39
Srinagar 39
Surat 44
Tiruchirapp 47
Trivandru 39
Udaipur 47
Vadodara 44
Varanasi 47
Vijayawada 50
Vishakhap 50
TABLE 1 Risk Coefficients K1 for Diff
Class of Structure
All general buildings and structures

Temporary sheds,structures such as those used during construction operations ( for example , formwork and false work ) , stru
Buildings and structures presenting a low degree of hazard to life and property in the event of failure , such as isolated towers
Important buildings and structures such as hospitals communication buildings/towers,power plant structures.
Terrain , Height Factor , Mul
Probable
Design K1 Factor for Basic Wind Speed m /s Category 1 -
Life of Category 2 -
33 39 44 47 50 55
Structure
50 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1 Category 3 -
5 0.82 0.76 0.73 0.71 0.7 0.67 0.76 Category 4 -
25 0.94 0.92 0.91 0.9 0.9 0.89 0.92
100 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.07 1.08 1.08 1.06
Sr. No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
Topography ( K3 Factor )
The effect of topography sha
The value of K3 is confined in
K3 =
So is a factor derived appropr

Slope
3o < θs < = 17o
θs > 17o
Where
L=
Z=
Importance Factor for Cyclon
Structures of post-cyclone im
Industrial structures
All other structures
Terrain , Height Factor , Multiplying factors ( K2 Factor )
Exposed open terrain with few or no obstructions and in which the average height of any object surrounding the structure is le
Open terrain with well scattered obstructions having heights generally between 1.5 m and 10 m.
Terrain with numerous closely spaced obstructions having the size of buildings/structures upto 10 m in height with or without
Terrain with numerous large high closely spaced obstructions.This category represents large city centres , generally with obstr
Topography ( K3 Factor )
The effect of topography shall be significant when upwind slope is more than about 3 degree and below that the value of K3 equal to 1.0
The value of K3 is confined in the range of 1.0 to 1.36 for slopes more than 3 degree.
1 + C S0
where C has the following values :
So is a factor derived appropriate to the height , H above mean ground level and the distance , x , from the summit or crest relative to the
Le
L
Z / 0.3
actual length of the upwind slope in the wind direction,

effective height of the topography feature,and
Importance Factor for Cyclonic Region ( k4 )
Structures of post-cyclone importance for emergency services ( such as cyclone shelters,hospitals,schools,communication towers , etc.)
Industrial structures
All other structures
Category 1 - average height of any object surrounding the structure is less than 1.5 m.
Category 2 - average height of few object surrounding the structure is between 1.5 m and 10 m.
Category 3 - average height of numerous object surrounding the structure is upto 10 m.
Category 4 - average height of any object surrounding the structure is above25 m.
Terrain and Height Multiplier ( K2 ) Class A :

Terrain Category 1 Terrain Category 2 Terrain Category 3 Terrain Category 4 Class B :
1.05 1.00 0.91 0.80 Class C :
1.09 1.05 0.97 0.80
1.12 1.07 1.01 0.80
1.15 1.12 1.06 0.97
1.2 1.17 1.12 1.10
1.26 1.24 1.20 1.20
1.3 1.28 1.24 1.24
1.32 1.30 1.27 1.27
1.34 1.32 1.29 1.28
1.35 1.34 1.31 1.30
1.35 1.35 1.32 1.31
1.35 1.35 1.34 1.32
1.35 1.35 1.35 1.33
1.35 1.35 1.35 1.34
1.12 1.07 1.01 0.8
Plane with upwind slope < 3 degree

Plane with upwind slope 3 degree < θs < = 17 degree
C Plane with upwind slope > 17 degree
1.2 ( Z / L ) 1
0.36
K4
1.30
1.15
1.00
Buildings having maximum dimension ( greatest horizontal or vertical ) less than 20 m.
Buildings having maximum dimension between 20 m and 50 m.
Buildings having maximum dimension greater than 50 m.
Partial Safety Factor for Materials , Γ m
Definition Partial Safety Factor
(i ) Resistance governed by yielding , Γ mo 1.1
( ii ) Resistance of member to buckling, Γ mo 1.1
( iii ) Resistance , governed by ultimate stress , Γ m1 1.25
( iv ) Resistance of connection: Shop Fabrications Field Fabrications
a) Bolts-Friction Type,Γmf 1.25 1.25
b) Bolts-Bearing Type,Γmb 1.25 1.25
c) Rivets,Γmr 1.25 1.25
d) Welds,Γmw 1.25 1.5
DESIGN OF TENSION MEMBERS

(i) Design Strength Due to Yielding of Gross Section
Tdg = Ag fy / Γmo
fy = yield stress of the material,
Ag = gross area of cross-section , and
Γmo = partial safety factor for failure in tension by yielding.=1.1
( ii ) Design Strength Due to Rupture of Critical Section
Single Angle
Tdn = 0.9 Ancfu/Γm1 + ß Ago fy /Γmo
Anc = net area of the connected leg
Ago = gross area of the outstanding leg
ß =1.4 - 0.076 ( w/ t ) ( fy / fu ) ( bs / Lc ) <= fu Γmo / fy Γm1 >= 0.7
w = outstanding leg width
bs = shear leg width =w+wl-t
Lc =length of the end connection,that is ,the distance between outermost bolt in the end joint measured along the
t = thickness of leg.
( iii ) Design Strength Due to Block Shear
Bolted Connection
Tdb = [ Avg fy / (sqrt(3) Γmo ) + 0.9 Atn fu / Γm1 ]
OR
Tdb = [ 0.9 Avn fu / (sqrt(3) Γm1 ) + Atg fy / Γmo ]
where
Avg,Avn = minimum gross and net area in shear along bolt line parallel to external force,respectively.
Atg,Atn = minimum gross and net area in tension from the bolt hole to the toe of the angle,end bolt line,perpendicul
fu,fy = ultimate and yield stress of the material,respectively.
EXAMPLE
WORKING MEMBER FORCE = 150.00 KN fy = 250 N/mm2
FACTORED MEMBER FORCE = 225.00 KN fu = 410 N/mm2
Ag required = Tdg x Γmo / fy effective length of the member = 3m
= 990 mm2
Choose Member Section ROLLED_STEEL_UNEQUAL_ANGLES ISA 100758
2
No. 1 1336 mm O.K.
Tdg = Ag fy / Γmo
Tdg = 303.64 KN O.K.
Design of bolts
d= 20.00 mm
dh = 22.00 mm
Minimum Pitch = 50.00 mm say 60.00 mm
Minimum end Distance = 37.40 mm say 40.00 mm
Shear capacity of bolt ( In single shear )
Vdsb = (fu /sqrt(3) ) ( nnxAnb + nsxAsb)/Γmb
Fu = ultimate tensile strength of a bolt
nn = number of shear planes with threads intercepting the shear plane.
ns = number of shear planes without threads intercepting the shear plane.
Asb = nominal plain shank area of the bolt
Anb = net shear area of the bolt at threads,may be taken as the area corresponding to root diameter at the thread.
For 4.6 grade bolt fu = 400 N/mm2 ( 8 x 100 )
nn = 1
Anb = 244.92 mm2
ns = 0
Γmb = 1.25
Vdsb = 45.25 KN 45.25 KN
No. of bolts required = 4.97 say 5 nos.
connection between gusset plate and Angle.
thickness of Angle t = 8 mm
bearing capacity of bolt against angle.
Vdpb = 2.5xkb x dxtxfu/Γmb
kb = 0.61 0.66 0.98 1
kb = 0.606
Vdpb = 79.52 KN
Length of Angle with gusset plate = 320.00 mm

g= 45
Anc = 592 mm2 ( Connected Leg )
Ago = 568 mm2 ( outstanding Leg )
g= 40 mm ( 60 % of connected leg )
w= 75 mm ( outstanding Leg )
bs = 107.00 mm
Lc = 240.0 mm
ß =1.4 - 0.076 ( w/ t ) ( fy / fu ) ( bs / Lc )
= 1.206 <= fu Γmo / fy Γmi 1.44
>= 0.7 O.K.
Tdn = 330.48 KN O.K.

Bolted Connection
Avg = 2240 mm2
Avn = 1448 mm2
Atg = 480 mm2 ( connected leg )
Atn = 392 mm2
Tdb = 409.64 KN
OR
Tdb = [ 0.9 Avn fu / (sqrt(3) Γmi ) + Atg fy / Γmo ]
Tdb = 355.88 KN
final Tdb = 355.88 KN
Block shear strength for 2-ISA
Tdb = 355.88 KN O.K.
Check for Maximum value of effective slenderness ratios
r =least radius of gyration = 12.7 mm ( from steel table )
l/r= 236.22 O.K.
Field Fabrications
Sr. No.
he end joint measured along the load direction or length of the weld along the load direction. i)
ii )
iii )
iv )
v)
vi )
rce,respectively.
e angle,end bolt line,perpendicular to the line of force,respectively.
AREA = 13.36 cm2
to root diameter at the thread.

ROLLED_STEEL_EQUAL_ANGLES ROLLED STEEL EQUAL ANGLES
ROLLED_STEEL_UNEQUAL_ANGLES Sectional
Thicknes
Designation Area (a)
ROLLED_STEEL_BEAMS s t (mm)
cm2
ROLLED_STEEL_CHANNELS ISA 20203 3 1.12
ROLLED_STEEL_TEE_BARS ISA 20204 4 1.45
ISA 25253 3 1.41
Grade of bolt ultimate tensile strength of bolt ISA 25254 4 1.84
4.6 400 ISA 25255 5 2.25
4.8 420 ISA 30303 3 1.73
5.6 500 ISA 30304 4 2.26
5.8 520 ISA 30305 5 2.77
8.8 830 ISA 35353 3 2.03
9.8 900 ISA 35354 4 2.66
10.9 1040 ISA 35355 5 3.27
12.9 1220 ISA 35356 6 3.86
size of bolt Diameter of bolt hole ISA 40403 3 2.34
12 13 ISA 40404 4 3.07
14 15 ISA 40405 5 3.78
16 18 ISA 40406 6 4.47
20 22 ISA 45453 3 2.64
22 24 ISA 45454 4 3.47
24 26 ISA 45455 5 4.28
30 33 ISA 45456 6 5.07
36 39 slenderne ISA 50503 3 2.95
Member ss ratio ISA 50504 4 3.88
A member carrying compressive load ( D.L. + L.L. ) 180 ISA 50505 5 4.79
A tension member in which reversal of direct stress occurs due t 180 ISA 50506 6 5.68
A member subjected to compression forces resulting only from co 250 ISA 55555 5 5.27
Compression flange of a beam against lateral torsional buckling 300 ISA 55556 6 6.26
A member normally acting as a tie in a roof truss or a bracing sy 350 ISA 55558 8 8.18
Members always under tension ( other than pre-tensioned memb 400 ISA 555510 10 10.02
ISA 60605 5 5.75
ISA 60606 6 6.84
ISA 60608 8 8.96
ISA 606010 10 11.00
ISA 65655 5 6.25
ISA 65656 6 7.44
ISA 65658 8 9.76
ISA 656510 10 12.00
ISA 70705 5 6.77
ISA 70706 6 8.06
ISA 70708 8 10.58
ISA 707010 10 13.02
ISA 75755 5 7.27
ISA 75756 6 8.66
ISA 75758 8 11.38
ISA 757510 10 14.02
ISA 80806 6 9.29
ISA 80808 8 12.21
ISA 808010 10 15.05
ISA 808012 12 17.81
ISA 90906 6 10.47
ISA 90908 8 13.79
ISA 909010 10 17.03
ISA 909012 12 20.19
ISA 1001006 6 11.67
ISA 1001008 8 15.39
ISA 10010010 10 19.03
ISA 10010012 12 22.59
ISA 1101108 8 17.02
ISA 11011010 10 21.06
ISA 11011012 12 25.02
ISA 11011015 15 30.81
ISA 1301308 8 20.22
ISA 13013010 10 25.06
ISA 13013012 12 29.82
ISA 13013015 15 36.81
ISA 15015010 10 29.03
ISA 15015012 12 34.59
ISA 15015015 15 42.78
ISA 15015018 18 50.79
ISA 20020012 12 46.61
ISA 20020015 15 57.80
ISA 20020018 18 68.81
ISA 20020025 25 93.80
ROLLED STEEL UNEQUAL ANGLES
Sectional
Thicknes
Designation Area (a)
s t (mm)
cm2
ISA 30203 3 1.41
ISA 30204 4 1.84
ISA 30205 5 2.25
ISA 40253 3 1.88
ISA 40254 4 2.46
ISA 40255 5 3.02
ISA 40256 6 3.56
ISA 45303 3 2.18
ISA 45304 4 2.86
ISA 45305 5 3.52
ISA 45306 6 4.16
ISA 50303 3 2.34
ISA 50304 4 3.07
ISA 50305 5 3.78
ISA 50306 6 4.47
ISA 60405 5 4.76
ISA 60406 6 5.65
ISA 60408 8 7.37
ISA 65455 5 5.26
ISA 65456 6 6.25
ISA 65458 8 8.17
ISA 70455 5 5.52
ISA 70456 6 6.56
ISA 70458 8 8.58
ISA 704510 10 10.52
ISA 75505 5 6.02
ISA 75506 6 7.16
ISA 75508 8 9.38
ISA 755010 10 11.52
ISA 80505 5 6.27
ISA 80506 6 7.46
ISA 80508 8 9.78
ISA 805010 10 12.02
ISA 90606 6 8.65
ISA 90608 8 11.37
ISA 906010 10 14.01
ISA 906012 12 16.57
ISA 100656 6 9.55
ISA 100658 8 12.57
ISA 1006510 10 15.51
ISA 100756 6 10.14
ISA 100758 8 13.36
ISA 1007510 10 16.50
ISA 1007512 12 19.56
ISA 125756 6 11.66
ISA 125758 8 15.38
ISA 1257510 10 19.02
ISA 125956 6 12.86
ISA 125958 8 16.98
ISA 1259510 10 21.02
ISA 1259512 12 24.98
ISA 150758 8 17.42
ISA 1507510 10 21.56
ISA 1507512 12 25.62
ISA 1501158 8 20.58
ISA 15011510 10 25.52
ISA 15011512 12 30.38
ISA 15011515 15 37.52
ISA 20010010 10 29.03
ISA 20010012 12 34.59
ISA 20010015 15 42.78
ISA 20015010 10 34.00
ISA 20015012 12 40.56
ISA 20015015 15 50.25
ISA 20015018 18 59.76
ROLLED STEEL BEAMS
Designation Weight Sectional
per Area (a)
Meter
(w)
kg cm2
ISJB 150 7.1 9.01

ISJB 175 8.1 10.28
ISJB 200 9.9 12.64
ISJB 225 12.8 16.28
ISLB 75 6.1 7.71
ISLB 100 8 10.21
ISLB 125 11.9 15.12
ISLB 150 14.2 18.08
ISLB 175 16.7 21.3
ISLB 200 19.8 25.27
ISLB 225 23.5 29.92
ISLB 250 27.9 35.53
ISLB 275 33 42.02
ISLB 300 37.7 48.08
ISLB 325 43.1 54.9
ISLB 350 49.5 63.01
ISLB 400 56.9 72.43
ISLB 450 65.3 83.14
ISLB 500 75 95.5
ISLB 550 86.3 109.97
ISLB 600 99.5 126.69
ISMB 100 11.5 14.6
ISMB 125 13 16.6
ISMB 150 14.9 19
ISMB 175 19.3 24.62
ISMB 200 25.4 32.33
ISMB 225 31.2 39.72
ISMB 250 37.3 47.55
ISMB 300 44.2 56.26
ISMB 350 52.4 66.71
ISMB 400 61.6 78.46
ISMB 450 72.4 92.27
ISMB 500 86.9 110.74
ISMB 550 103.7 132.11
ISMB 600 122.6 156.21
ISWB 150 17 21.67
ISWB 175 22.1 28.11
ISWB 200 28.8 36.71
ISWB 225 33.9 43.24
ISWB 250 40.9 52.05
ISWB 300 48.1 61.33
ISWB 350 56.9 72.5
ISWB 400 66.7 85.01
ISWB 450 79.4 101.15
ISWB 500 95.2 121.22
ISWB 550 112.5 143.34
ISWB 600(1) 133.7 170.38
ISWB 600(2) 145.1 184.86
ISHB 150(1) 27.1 34.48
ISHB 150(2) 30.6 38.98
ISHB 150(3) 34.6 44.08
ISHB 200(1) 37.3 47.54
ISHB 200(2) 40 50.94
ISHB 225(1) 43.1 54.94
ISHB 225(2) 46.8 59.66
ISHB 250(1) 51 64.96
ISHB 250(2) 54.7 69.71
ISHB 300(1) 58.8 74.85
ISHB 300(2) 63 80.25
ISHB 350(1) 67.4 85.91
ISHB 350(2) 72.4 92.21
ISHB 400(1) 77.4 98.66
ISHB 400(2) 82.2 104.66
ISHB 450(1) 87.2 111.14
ISHB 450(2) 92.5 117.89
ROLLED STEEL CHANNELS
ISJC 100 5.8 7.41
ISJC 125 7.9 10.07
ISJC 150 9.9 12.65
ISJC 175 11.2 14.24
ISJC 200 13.9 17.77
ISLC 75 5.7 7.26
ISLC 100 7.9 10.02
ISLC 125 10.7 13.67
ISLC 150 14.4 18.36
ISLC 175 17.6 22.4
ISLC 200 20.6 26.22
ISLC 225 24 30.53
ISLC 250 28 35.65
ISLC 300 33.1 42.11
ISLC 350 38.8 49.47
ISLC 400 45.7 58.25
ISMC 75 6.8 8.67
ISMC 100 9.2 11.7
ISMC 125 12.7 16.19
ISMC 150 16.4 20.88
ISMC 175 19.1 24.38
ISMC 200 22.1 28.21
ISMC 225 25.9 33.01
ISMC 250 30.4 38.67
ISMC 300 35.8 45.64
ISMC 350 42.1 53.66
ISMC 400 49.4 62.93
ROLLED STEEL TEE BARS
per Area (a)
Meter
(w)
kg cm2
ISNT 20 0.9 1.13

ISNT 30 1.4 1.75
ISNT 40 3.5 4.48
ISNT 50 4.5 5.7
ISNT 60 5.4 6.9
ISNT 80 9.6 12.25
ISNT 100 15 19.1
ISNT 150 22.8 29.08
ISHT 75 15.3 19.49
ISHT 100 20 25.47
ISHT 125 27.4 34.85
ISHT 150 29.4 37.42
ISST 100 8.1 10.37
ISST 150 15.7 19.96
ISST 200 28.4 36.22
ISST 250 37.5 47.75
ISLT 50 4 5.11
ISLT 75 7.1 9.04
ISLT 100 12.7 16.16
ISJT 75 3.5 4.5
ISJT 87.5 4 5.14
ISJT 100 5 6.32
ISJT 112.5 6.4 8.14
ISA 20203 1.12
Weight ISA 20204 1.45
per meter
(w) kg ISA 25253 1.41
0.90 ISA 25254 1.84
1.10 ISA 25255 2.25
1.10 ISA 30303 1.73
1.40 ISA 30304 2.26
1.80 ISA 30305 2.77
1.40 ISA 35353 2.03
1.80 ISA 35354 2.66
2.20 ISA 35355 3.27
1.60 ISA 35356 3.86
2.10 ISA 40403 2.34
2.60 ISA 40404 3.07
3.00 ISA 40405 3.78
1.80 ISA 40406 4.47
2.40 ISA 45453 2.64
3.00 ISA 45454 3.47
3.50 ISA 45455 4.28
2.10 ISA 45456 5.07
2.70 ISA 50503 2.95
3.40 ISA 50504 3.88
4.00 ISA 50505 4.79
2.30 ISA 50506 5.68
3.00 ISA 55555 5.27
3.80 ISA 55556 6.26
4.50 ISA 55558 8.18
4.10 ISA 55551 10.02
4.90 ISA 60605 5.75
6.40 ISA 60606 6.84
7.90 ISA 60608 8.96
4.50 ISA 60601 11.00
5.40 ISA 65655 6.25
7.00 ISA 65656 7.44
8.60 ISA 65658 9.76
4.90 ISA 65651 12.00
5.80 ISA 70705 6.77
7.70 ISA 70706 8.06
9.40 ISA 70708 10.58
5.30 ISA 70701 13.02
6.30 ISA 75755 7.27
8.30 ISA 75756 8.66
10.20 ISA 75758 11.38
5.70 ISA 75751 14.02
6.80 ISA 80806 9.29
8.90 ISA 80808 12.21
11.00 ISA 80801 15.05
7.30 ISA 80801 17.81
9.60 ISA 90906 10.47
11.80 ISA 90908 13.79
14.00 ISA 90901 17.03
8.20 ISA 90901 20.19
10.80 ISA 10010 11.67
13.40 ISA 10010 15.39
15.80 ISA 10010 19.03
9.20 ISA 10010 22.59
12.10 ISA 11011 17.02
14.90 ISA 11011 21.06
17.70 ISA 11011 25.02
13.40 ISA 11011 30.81
16.50 ISA 13013 20.22
19.60 ISA 13013 25.06
24.20 ISA 13013 29.82
15.90 ISA 13013 36.81
19.70 ISA 15015 29.03
23.40 ISA 15015 34.59
28.90 ISA 15015 42.78
22.80 ISA 15015 50.79
27.20 ISA 20020 46.61
33.60 ISA 20020 57.80
39.90 ISA 20020 68.81
36.60 ISA 20020 93.80
45.40 ISA 30203 1.41
54.00 ISA 30204 1.84
73.60 ISA 30205 2.25
ISA 40253 1.88
Weight
ISA 40254 2.46
per meter
(w) kg ISA 40255 3.02
1.10 ISA 40256 3.56
1.40 ISA 45303 2.18
1.80 ISA 45304 2.86
1.50 ISA 45305 3.52
1.90 ISA 45306 4.16
2.40 ISA 50303 2.34
2.80 ISA 50304 3.07
1.70 ISA 50305 3.78
2.20 ISA 50306 4.47
2.80 ISA 60405 4.76
3.30 ISA 60406 5.65
1.80 ISA 60408 7.37
2.40 ISA 65455 5.26
3.00 ISA 65456 6.25
3.50 ISA 65458 8.17
3.70 ISA 70455 5.52
4.40 ISA 70456 6.56
5.80 ISA 70458 8.58
4.10 ISA 70451 10.52
4.90 ISA 75505 6.02
6.40 ISA 75506 7.16
4.30 ISA 75508 9.38
5.20 ISA 75501 11.52
6.70 ISA 80505 6.27
8.30 ISA 80506 7.46
4.70 ISA 80508 9.78
5.60 ISA 80501 12.02
7.40 ISA 90606 8.65
9.00 ISA 90608 11.37
4.90 ISA 90601 14.01
5.90 ISA 90601 16.57
7.70 ISA 10065 9.55
9.40 ISA 10065 12.57
6.80 ISA 10065 15.51
8.90 ISA 10075 10.14
11.00 ISA 10075 13.36
13.00 ISA 10075 16.50
7.50 ISA 10075 19.56
9.90 ISA 12575 11.66
12.20 ISA 12575 15.38
8.00 ISA 12575 19.02
10.50 ISA 12595 12.86
13.00 ISA 12595 16.98
15.40 ISA 12595 21.02
9.20 ISA 12595 24.98
12.10 ISA 15075 17.42
14.90 ISA 15075 21.56
10.10 ISA 15075 25.62
13.30 ISA 15011 20.58
16.50 ISA 15011 25.52
19.60 ISA 15011 30.38
13.70 ISA 15011 37.52
16.90 ISA 20010 29.03
20.10 ISA 20010 34.59
16.20 ISA 20010 42.78
20.00 ISA 20015 34.00
23.80 ISA 20015 40.56
29.50 ISA 20015 50.25
22.80 ISA 20015 59.76
27.20 ISJB 150 9.01
33.60 ISJB 175 10.28
26.70 ISJB 200 12.64
31.80 ISJB 225 16.28
39.40 ISLB 75 7.71
46.90 ISLB 100 10.21
ISLB 125 15.12
ISLB 150 18.08

ISLB 175 21.3
ISLB 200 25.27
ISLB 225 29.92
ISLB 250 35.53
ISLB 275 42.02
ISLB 300 48.08
ISLB 325 54.9
ISLB 350 63.01
ISLB 400 72.43
ISLB 450 83.14
ISLB 500 95.5
ISLB 550 109.97
ISLB 600 126.69
ISMB 100 14.6
ISMB 125 16.6
ISMB 150 19
ISMB 175 24.62
ISMB 200 32.33
ISMB 225 39.72
ISMB 250 47.55
ISMB 300 56.26
ISMB 350 66.71
ISMB 400 78.46
ISMB 450 92.27
ISMB 500 110.74
ISMB 550 132.11
ISMB 600 156.21
ISWB 150 21.67
ISWB 175 28.11
ISWB 200 36.71
ISWB 225 43.24
ISWB 250 52.05
ISWB 300 61.33
ISWB 350 72.5
ISWB 400 85.01
ISWB 450 101.15
ISWB 500 121.22
ISWB 550 143.34
ISWB 600( 170.38
ISWB 600( 184.86
ISHB 150(1 34.48
ISHB 150(2 38.98
ISHB 150(3 44.08
ISHB 200(1 47.54
ISHB 200(2 50.94
ISHB 225(1 54.94
ISHB 225(2 59.66
ISHB 250(1 64.96
ISHB 250(2 69.71
ISHB 300(1 74.85
ISHB 300(2 80.25
ISHB 350(1 85.91
ISHB 350(2 92.21
ISHB 400(1 98.66
ISHB 400(2 104.66
ISHB 450(1 111.14
ISHB 450(2 117.89
ISJC 100 7.41
ISJC 125 10.07
ISJC 150 12.65
ISJC 175 14.24
ISJC 200 17.77
ISLC 75 7.26
ISLC 100 10.02
ISLC 125 13.67
ISLC 150 18.36
ISLC 175 22.4
ISLC 200 26.22
ISLC 225 30.53
ISLC 250 35.65
ISLC 300 42.11
ISLC 350 49.47
ISLC 400 58.25
ISMC 75 8.67
ISMC 100 11.7
ISMC 125 16.19
ISMC 150 20.88
ISMC 175 24.38
ISMC 200 28.21
ISMC 225 33.01
ISMC 250 38.67
ISMC 300 45.64
ISMC 350 53.66
ISMC 400 62.93
ISNT 20 1.13
ISNT 30 1.75
ISNT 40 4.48
ISNT 50 5.7
ISNT 60 6.9
ISNT 80 12.25
ISNT 100 19.1
ISNT 150 29.08
ISHT 75 19.49
ISHT 100 25.47
ISHT 125 34.85
ISHT 150 37.42
ISST 100 10.37
ISST 150 19.96

ISST 200 36.22
ISST 250 47.75
ISLT 50 5.11
ISLT 75 9.04
ISLT 100 16.16
ISJT 75 4.5
ISJT 87.5 5.14
ISJT 100 6.32
ISJT 112.5 8.14
Partial Safety Factor for Materials , Γ m
Definition Partial Safety Factor
(i ) Resistance governed by yielding , Γ mo 1.1
( ii ) Resistance of member to buckling, Γ mo 1.1
( iii ) Resistance , governed by ultimate stress , Γ m1 1.25
( iv ) Resistance of connection: Shop Fabrications
a) Bolts-Friction Type,Γmf 1.25
b) Bolts-Bearing Type,Γmb 1.25
c) Rivets,Γmr 1.25
d) Welds,Γmw 1.25
DESIGN OF TENSION MEMBERS

Tdg = Ag fy / Γmo
fy = yield stress of the material,
Ag = gross area of cross-section , and
Γmo = partial safety factor for failure in tension by yielding.=1.1
Single Angle
Anc = net area of the connected leg
Ago = gross area of the outstanding leg
ß =1.4 - 0.076 ( w/ t ) ( fy / fu ) ( bs / Lc ) <= fu Γmo / fy Γm1 >= 0.7
w = outstanding leg width
bs = shear leg width =w+wl-t
Lc =length of the end connection,that is ,the distance between outermost bolt in the end joint measured along the
t = thickness of leg.
Bolted Connection
OR
Tdb = [ 0.9 Avn fu / (sqrt(3) Γm1 ) + Atg fy / Γmo ]
where
Avg,Avn = minimum gross and net area in shear along bolt line parallel to external force,respectively.
Atg,Atn = minimum gross and net area in tension from the bolt hole to the toe of the angle,end bolt line,perpendicul
fu,fy = ultimate and yield stress of the material,respectively.
EXAMPLE TENSION MEMBER

WORKING MEMBER FORCE = 200.00 KN fy = 250 N/mm2
FACTORED MEMBER FORCE = 300.00 KN fu = 410 N/mm2
Ag required = Tdg x Γmo / fy effective length of the member = 3
= 1320 mm2
2
No. 2 1432 mm O.K.
Tdg = Ag fy / Γmo
Tdg = 325.45 KN O.K.
Design of bolts
d= 20.00 mm
dh = 22.00 mm
nn = 1 ( single shear or double shear )
Anb = 244.92 mm2
ns = 0
Γmb = 1.25
Vdsb = 93.89 KN 187.79 KN
kb = 0.61 0.51 2.02 1
kb = 0.51
Vdpb = 49.95 KN

g= 45
Anc = 300 mm2 ( Connected Leg )
Ago = 282 mm2 ( outstanding Leg )
g= 40 mm ( 60 % of connected leg )
w= 50 mm ( outstanding Leg )
bs = 84.00 mm
Lc = 150.0 mm
ß =1.4 - 0.076 ( w/ t ) ( fy / fu ) ( bs / Lc )
= 1.184 <= fu Γmo / fy Γmi 1.44
>= 0.7 O.K.
Tdn = 328.85 KN O.K.

Bolted Connection
Avg = 1140 mm2
Avn = 678 mm2
Atg = 210 mm2 ( Connected Leg )
Atn = 144 mm2
Tdb = 192.10 KN
OR
Tdb = [ 0.9 Avn fu / (sqrt(3) Γmi ) + Atg fy / Γmo ]
Tdb = 163.28 KN
final Tdb = 163.28 KN
Block shear strength for 2-ISA
Tdb = 326.56 KN O.K.
Check for Maximum value of effective slenderness ratios
r =least radius of gyration = 12.7 mm ( from steel table )
l/r= 236.22 O.K.
EXAMPLE COMPRESSION MEMBER

STEP -1 The axial force in the member is determined by a rational frame analysis,or by statics for statically determinate stru
STEP -2 Select a trial section by making initial guesses for Aeff/A and fcd and calculating the target area A.The slenderness r
Table : - Cross-sectional limits necessary to prevent loacal buckling in members.
Limiting proportions for sections
Type of element Method of manufacture. Ratio Class 1 Class 2
Plastic Compact
welded b / tf 8.4 9.4
Outstand element of
compression flange rolled b / tf 9.4 10.5
Compression due to
Internal element of bending b / tf 29.3 33.5
compression flange
Axial compression b / tf - -
welded or rolled
d / tw 84 105
Neutral axis at mid depth
web of an I , H, or box section

web of an I , H, or box section d / tw 105/
84/(1+r1 ) ( 1+r1 )
Generally if r1 is negative
but <=42
d / tw 105/(1+1.5r1) but
if r1 is positive
<=42
web of channel - d / tw 42 42
Angle(both criteria should be 9.4 10.5
-
satisfied ) b/t and d/t
b/t
d/t
(b+d)/t -
Single angle, or double angles
with the components
separated ( All three criteria
should be satisfied )
d/t 9.4 10.5

outstanding leg of an angle in
contact back to back in a
double angle member or with
its back in continuous contact
with another component
D/tf 8.4 9.4
Stem of a T-section ( rolled or -

cut from a rolled I- or H-
section)
Notes
1. The above values should be multiplied by E = (250/fy) 0.5 if fy is not equal to 250MPa.
2. The stress ratios r1 and r2 are defined as average axial compressive stress/design compressive stress of web alon
Table : - Slenderness ratios to be assumed while selecting the trial sections.

Type of member Slenderness ratio ( L / r )
Single angles 100-150
CHS,SHS,RHS 90-110
single channels 90-150
Double angles 80-120
Double channels 40-80
Single I - section 80-150
Double I - section 30-60
STEP-3 Compute KL/r for the section selected.The computed value of KL/r should be within the maximum limiting value giv
STEP-4 Compare Pd with Pu,when the strength provided does not exceed the strength required by more than a few percen
Table : - Maximum slenderness ratio of compression members.
Type of Member KL/r
carrying loads resulting from dead loads and superimposed loads 180
carrying loads resulting from wind and seismic loads only, provided deformation of
member not affect the stress in any part of the structure. 250
Normally acting as a tie in a roof truss or a bracing system 350
Lacing bars in columns 145
Elements ( components ) in built-up sections 50
Table : - Design compressive stress fcd (MPa ) for fy = 250 MPa

KL/r Curve a Curve b Curve c Curve d
10 227 227 227 227 136.86 122.57
20 226 225 224 223 182.30 166.35
30 220 216 211 204
40 213 206 198 185
50 205 194 183 167
60 195 181 168 150
70 182 166 152 133
80 167 150 136 118
90 149 134 121 105
100 132 118 107 92.6
110 115 104 94.6 82.1
120 101 91.7 83.7 73
130 88.3 81 74.3 65.2
140 77.8 71.8 66.2 58.4
150 68.9 64 59.2 52.6
160 61.4 57.3 53.3 47.5
170 55 51.5 48.1 43.1
180 49.5 46.5 43.6 39.3
190 44.7 42.2 39.7 35.9
200 40.7 38.5 36.3 33
210 37.1 35.2 33.3 30.4
220 34 32.3 30.6 28
230 31.2 29.8 28.3 26
240 28.8 27.5 26.2 24.1
250 26.6 25.5 24.3 22.5
The design compressive stress,fcd of axially loaded compression members shall be calculated using the following equation :
fcd = fy / Γ mo / Φ+[Φ2 -λ2]0.5 = Χ fy / Γ mo < = fy / Γmo
where Φ = 0.5 [ 1+ α(λ-0.2)+λ2]
λ = non-dimensional effective slenderness ratio = sqrt(fy/fcc ) = sqrt( f y ( KL/r)2 / π2E)
fcc =Euler buckling stress = π 2E /( KL/r)2
where KL/r = effective slenderness ratio or ratio of effective length. KL to appropriate radius of gyration r.
α = imperfection factor given in Table
Χ = stress reduction factor for different buckling class, slenderness ratio and yield stress.
= 1 / [Φ + ( Φ2-λ2 )0.5 ]
Γmo = partial safety factor for material strength.
Table Imperfection Factor , α

Buckling Class a b c d
α 0.21 0.34 0.49 0.76
Table : - Stress Reduction Factor Χ for column Buckling for yield stress fy = 250 Mpa
KL/r Class a Class b Class c Class d
10 1 1 1 1
20 0.994 0.991 0.987 0.98
30 0.969 0.95 0.93 0.896
40 0.939 0.906 0.87 0.815
50 0.904 0.855 0.807 0.736
60 0.859 0.798 0.74 0.659
70 0.803 0.732 0.67 0.587
80 0.734 0.661 0.6 0.521
90 0.657 0.589 0.533 0.461
100 0.579 0.52 0.471 0.408
110 0.507 0.458 0.416 0.361
120 0.443 0.403 0.368 0.321
130 0.388 0.356 0.327 0.287
140 0.342 0.316 0.291 0.257
150 0.303 0.281 0.261 0.231
160 0.27 0.252 0.234 0.209
170 0.242 0.227 0.212 0.19
180 0.218 0.205 0.192 0.173
190 0.197 0.186 0.175 0.158
200 0.179 0.169 0.16 0.145
210 0.163 0.155 0.146 0.134
220 0.149 0.142 0.135 0.123
230 0.137 0.131 0.124 0.114
240 0.127 0.121 0.115 0.106
250 0.117 0.112 0.107 0.099
Table : - Buckling Class of Cross-Sections

Cross - Section Limits @ Axis Class
Rolled I - Sections h/bf > 1.2 , tf <= 40 mm z-z a
y-y b
40 mm < tf <= 100 mm z-z b
y-y c
h/bf<=1.2 , tf <= 100 mm z-z b
y-y c
tf>100 mm z-z d
y-y d
Welded I - Sections tf<=40 mm z-z b
y-y c
tf>40 mm z-z c
y-y d
Hollow section Hot rolled Any a
Cold formed Any b
Welded Box Section Generally ( except below ) Any b

Thick welds and
b / tf < 30 z-z c
h/tw < 30 y-y c
Channel , Angle, T and Solid Sections Any c
Built up member Any c
Table : - Effective Length of Prismatic Compression Members

Boundary Conditions
At One End At Other End Effective Length
Translatio Rotation Translation Rotation
RestrainedRestrained Free Free 2L
Free Restrained Free Restrained 2L
RestrainedFree Restrained Free 1L
RestrainedRestrained Free Restrained 1.2 L
RestrainedRestrained Restrained Free 0.8 L
RestrainedRestrained Restrained Restrained 0.65 L
NOTE : - L is the unsupported length of the compression member.
Example : - COMPRESSION MEMBER

Single Angle , Discontinuous Strut to carry affected load of 65 KN ( eccentically loaded )
distance between two joint 3.00 m fy = 250 N/mm2
fy = 250 N /mm2 fu = 410 N/mm2
SOLUTION : -
Assume KL/r = 120 < 180
fcd = 83.7 N /mm2
Pd = Ae x fcd Ae = Ag
Ae = 776.58 mm2
Choose Member Section ROLLED_STEEL_EQUAL_ANGLES ISA 70706
2
No. 1 806 mm O.K.
Design of bolts
d= 20.00 mm
dh = 22.00 mm
nn = 1
Anb = 244.92 mm2
ns = 0
Γmb = 1.25
Vdsb = 45.25 KN 45.25 KN
kb = 0.61 0.51 0.98 1
kb = 0.51
Vdpb = 48.73 KN
For Channel , Angle, T and Solid Sections, Buckling Class = c
α= 0.49
rmin = 1.36 cm
Both end hinged. k1 = 0.2 No. of Bolts at Each End =
k2 = 0.35 Connection
k3 = 20
KL = 1xL= 3.00 m
b/t = 11.67 Class-3 ,semi-compact Section
d/t = 11.67 Ae = 804 mm2
(b+d)/t = 23.33
ε= 1
λvv = ( l / rvv ) / (ε x sqrt( π2E/250)) λc = sqrt(k1+k2λvv2+k3λΦ2)
= 2.48 = 1.64
λΦ = ( b1+b2)/2t / (ε x sqrt( π2ε/250))
= 0.13
where Φ = 0.5 [ 1+ α(λ-0.2)+λ2]
= 2.21
Χ = 1 / [Φ + ( Φ2-λ2 )0.5 ]
= 0.272
fcd = 61.82 <= 227.27
Pd = Ae x fcd
= 49.82 KN Change Member Section
Example : - COMPRESSION MEMBER
Double Angle , Discontinuous Strut to carry affected load of 200 KN ( concentrically loaded )
distance between two joint 3.00 m two angles are connected back to back on gusset plate of 8 mm thick.
fy = 250 N /mm2
SOLUTION : -
Assume KL/r = 100 < 180
2
fcd = 107 N /mm
Pd = Ae x fcd Ae = Ag
2
Ae = 1869.16 mm
2
No. 2 1910 mm O.K.
r yy = 2.625 cm gusset plate thickness = 0.8 cm
r zz = 3.18 cm
effective length KL = 0.85 ( IS 800-2007 page 48 , clause 7.5.2.1 , 0.7-0.85 )
= 2550 mm
KL/ rmin = 97.14 O.K.
For Channel , Angle, T and Solid Sections, Buckling Class = c
2
fcd = 111 N /mm
Pd = Ae x fcd
= 212.01 KN O.K.
Design of welded connection

(i) Maximum size of fillet weld s = ( 3 / 4 ) * t = 4.5 mm
( ii ) Design weld strength in shear ( fwd ) = Fu / sqrt(3) * Γmo = 189.37 N/mm2
( iii ) Total length of weld required ( l ) = Pu / ( 0.7 x s x fwd ) = 108.97 mm
Distribution of weld a = Cxx x b / (L 1 - Cxx ) = 0.383 b
Cxx = 1.94 cm
l = a +b
81.72 = 1.383 b a
b= 78.77 mm P1
a= 30.20 mm 0.7 x s x fwd x a
0.7 x s x fwd x b
P2
b
Example : -DESIGN OF COLUMN,COMPRESSION MEMBER
factored axial load = 1500.00 KN
Length of column = 3.60 m
Both end hinged or pinned
if length <= 5.00 m
fcd = 0.6 fy
= 150 N/mm2
Pd = Ae x fcd
Ae = 10000 mm2
Choose Member Section ROLLED_STEEL_BEAMS ISHB 400(2)
2
No. 1 10466 mm O.K.
From steel table
Depth of Section ( h ) = 400 mm b / tf = 9.84
Width of flange ( bf ) = 250 mm d / tw = 32.70
Thk. of flange ( tf ) = 12.7 mm Class 2 Compact Section
Thk. of Web ( tw ) = 10.6 mm Both end Hinged or pinned so, KL = 1.0 L
Radius at Root r1 = 14 mm = 3.6 m
Radius at Toe r2 = 7 mm
rmin = 5.16 cm
KL/rmin = 69.77 O.K.
h / bf = 1.6
Buckling about y-y axis class = b
fcd = 166.35 N/mm2
Pd = Ae x fcd
= 1741.01 KN O.K.
Example :- DESIGN OF PURLIN

If Roof truss Angle > 30 select channel or I section
If Roof truss Angle < = 30 select channel or Angle section
Angle Section
STEP-1 Minimum Depth of Section = L / 45
STEP-2 Minimum Width of section = L / 60
STEP- 3 Modulus of elastic section Zez = Mz / fy
where Mz = w L2 / 10 for U.D.L.
= w L / 10 for Point Load.
fy = 250 N/mm2
STEP- 4 Moment of Inertia Iez
( 1 ) Permissible deflection (IS 800 page 31 table 6 )
L/180
( 2 ) Actual deflection = (5/384 ) x w L 4/EIz
STEP- 5 Class-1 , Plastic section
Class- 2 , compact section
Class- 3 , Semi-compact section
Class- 4 , Slender Section
Channel Section
STEP- 1 Load Calculation
STEP- 2 Bending Moment Calculation ( y direction & z direction )
STEP- 3 Shear Force Calculation ( y direction & z direction )
STEP- 4 Assume or select section.
Property of the section.
STEP- 5 Section Classification
STEP- 6 Check for shear capacity. ( y direction & z direction )
STEP- 7 Check for Moment capacity. ( y direction & z direction )
STEP- 8 Overall strength of section.
STEP- 9 Check for deflection.
Purlin having span = 3.00 m

Design ( working , service ) Load = 2.5 KN/m
purlin supported on four supports.
Angle of Roof truss = 26.00 °
fy = 250 N/mm2
STEP- 1 D = L / 45 = 66.67 mm
STEP- 2 B = L / 60 = 50 mm
STEP- 3 Zez = Mz/fy
Mz =wL2/10 = 2.25 KN-m
Zez = 9000 mm3
= 9 cm3
STEP- 4
( 1 ) Permissible deflection = L / 180 = 16.67
( 2 ) Actual Deflection = (5/384)wL4/EIz
Izz = 791015.625 mm4
= 79.10 cm4
2
No. 1 1137 mm
3
Modulus of section Zez = 15.1 cm O.K.
Moment of Inertia I ez = 91.5 cm4
Actual Deflection = (5/384)wL4/EIz = 14.41 O.K.
STEP- 5 Section classification
d/t = 11.25
b/t = 7.5
(b+d)/t = 18.75 Selected Section is Class 3 Semi-compact
Channel section Purlin Design

D.L = 0.15 KN/m2
L.L. = 2 KN/m2
W.L. = -0.5 KN/m2
Angle of Roof truss = 20.00 ° fy = 250 N/mm2
spacing of purlin = 2.00 m span = 4.00 m
STEP - 1 LOAD CALCULATION z direction y direction
D.L. = 0.3 KN/m 0.27 KN/m 0.12 KN/m
L.L.= 4 KN/m 3.65 KN/m 1.63 KN/m
W.L. = -1 KN/m -1.00 KN/m 0 KN/m
Load combination for z direction
(1) ( D.L. + L.L. ) x 1.5 = 5.89 KN/m
(2) ( D.L. +L.L. + W.L.) x 1.2 = 3.51 KN/m
w= 5.89 KN/m
Load combination for y direction
(1) ( D.L. + L.L. ) x 1.5 = 2.63 KN/m
STEP - 2 BENDING MOMENT CALCULATION.
For Continuous M = wL2/10
For simply supported M = wl2/8
Mz = 9.42 KN-m
My = 4.21 KN-m
STEP - 3 SHEAR FORCE CALCULATION
Fz = w L /2 = 11.78 KN
Fy = w L /2 = 5.26 KN
STEP - 4 SECTION SELECTION AND SECTION PROPERTY.
Choose Member Section ROLLED_STEEL_CHANNELS ISMC 200
2
No. 1 2821 mm
Zpz =Mz *Γmo/fy +2.5*D/bf x ( My*Γmo/fy)
From steel table
Depth of Section ( h ) = 200 mm rmin = 2.23 cm
Width of flange ( bf ) = 75 mm Moment of Inertia I ez = 1819.3
Thk. of flange ( tf ) = 11.4 mm
Thk. of Web ( tw ) = 6.1 mm
Zpz = 164989.6197 mm3
(200*6.1)+(2*11..4*xX) = 2*((75-6.1-X )x11.4)
1220 22.8 X = 1570.92 - 22.8 X
X= 7.70 mm
Zpy = ( 200 x 6.1 )x((6.1/2)+7.70)+2x((((75-6.1)/2)-7.70)x(75-6.1)*11.4)
= 13109.65 + 42029.00
= 55138.65 mm3
STEP - 5 SECTION CLASSIFICATION
d/tw = 32.79
d = D - 2*(tf+rmin) = 132.6 mm
b/tf = 6.58
Section is Class 1 Plastic
STEP- 6 CHECK FOR SHEAR CAPACITY. ( y direction & z direction )
IS 800 page 59 , formula )
z direction Vd = Av x fyw / sqrt(3) x Γmo
(IS 800 8.4.1.1)
Av = h x tw = 1220 mm2
Vd = 160.08 KN O.K.
y directionVd = Av x fyw / sqrt(3) x Γmo
Av = (75 x 11.4 x 2 ) = 1710 mm2
Vd = 224.38 KN O.K.
STEP- 7 CHECK FOR MOMENT CAPACITY. ( y direction & z direction )
(IS 800 Page 53 )
Mdz =βb x Zpz x fy / Γmo < 1.2 Zefy/Γmo for simply supported Beam and < 1.5 Zefy/Γmo for cantilever beam
βb = 1 for class 1 plastic and class 2 compact =Ze/Zp for semi-compact secti
Mdz = 37.50 KN-m O.K.
Mdy = 12.53 KN-m O.K.
STEP- 8 OVERALL STRENGTH OF SECTION.
Mz/Mdz +My/Mdy <= 1
0.59 O.K.
STEP- 9 CHECK FOR DEFLECTION
( 1 ) Permissible deflection = L / 180 = 22.22 mm
( 2 ) Actual Deflection = (5/384)wL4/EIz
= 5.394471E-12 mm O.K.
Provide ISMC 200 as a purlin.
Connection - Beam to Beam Connection

Main Beam ROLLED_STEEL_BEAMS ISWB 500
Secondary Beam ROLLED_STEEL_BEAMS ISWB 400
Secondary Beam has to transfer 200 KN end reaction load to main Beam.
Bolt grade 8.8
Bolt Dia 20 mm
Steel grade Fu = 410 N/mm2
Design of bolts
d= 20.00 mm
dh = 22.00 mm
8.8 grade bolt fu = 830 N/mm2 ( 8 x 100 )
Anb = 244.92 mm2
ns = 0
Γmb = 1.25
Vdsb = 93.89 KN 187.79 KN cleat angle on 2
connection between cleat angle with web of secondary beam.
thickness of ISWB 400 t = 8.6 mm
kb = 0.61 0.51 2.02 1
kb = 0.51
Vdpb = 71.59 KN
Length of Cleat Angle with secondary beam ISWB 400 = 180.00 mm
connection between cleat angle with web of Main beam. cleat angle on 1
thickness of ISWB 500 t = 9.9 mm Vdsb = 93.89 KN
kb = 0.61 0.51 2.02 1
kb = 0.51
Vdpb = 82.41 KN
Length of Cleat Angle with secondary beam ISWB 400 = 180.00 mm
Provide ISA 90 x 90 x 10 mm Cleat Angle.
Connection - Beam to column Connection

Main Beam ROLLED_STEEL_BEAMS ISMB 300
Column ROLLED_STEEL_BEAMS ISHB 300(1)
Main Beam has to transfer 150 KN end reaction load to Column
Bolt grade 4.6
Bolt Dia 20 mm
Steel grade Fu = 410 N/mm2
Design of bolts
d= 20.00 mm
dh = 22.00 mm
Anb = 244.92 mm2
ns = 0
Γmb = 1.25
Vdsb = 45.25 KN 90.50 KN cleat angle on 2
connection between cleat angle with web of Main beam.
thickness of ISMB 300 t = 7.5 mm
kb = 0.61 0.51 0.98 1
kb = 0.51
Vdpb = 62.43 KN
Length of Cleat Angle with Main beam ISMB 300 = 180.00 mm
connection between cleat angle with flange of column. cleat angle on 1
thickness of cleat angle t = 8 mm Vdsb = 45.25 KN
kb = 0.61 0.51 0.98 1
kb = 0.51
Vdpb = 66.59 KN
Length of Cleat Angle with flange of column ISHB 300 = 230.00 mm
Provide ISA 90 x 90 x 8 mm Cleat Angle.
Shear Check : -
IS 800 page 59 , formula
Vd = Av x fyw / sqrt(3) x Γmo
(IS 800 8.4.1.1)
Av = 2*b x tf = 1440 mm2
Vd = 188.95 KN O.K.
Moment Check : -
Md =1.2 ze x fy / Γmo
(50+6.7/2)x150/2 = 4031.25 N-mm
Ze = t x l2/6 = 43200 mm3
Md = 11781818.18 O.K.
clearance between connection is 5 mm.
Connection - Beam to column Connection seat angle unstiffened connection.

Main Beam ROLLED_STEEL_BEAMS ISLB 350
Bolt grade 4.6
Bolt Dia 16 mm
Steel grade Fu = 410 N/mm2 fy = 250 N/mm2
Design of bolts
d= 16.00 mm
dh = 18.00 mm
Shear capacity of bolt ( In single shear ) ( IS 800 : 2007 page 75 )
Anb = 156.75 mm2
ns = 0
Γmb = 1.25
Vdsb = 28.96 KN 28.96 KN seat angle on 1
connection between seat angle with flange of Main beam.
thickness of ISHB 200 t = 9 mm ( flange )
Vdpb = 2.5xkb x dxtxfu/Γmb ( IS 800 : 2007 page 75 )
kb = 0.65 0.49 0.98 1
kb = 0.49
Vdpb = 57.95 KN
Provide 2-bolts in 2 rows.
Length of seat Angle with column ISHB 200 = 110.00 mm
Length of seat angle = Flange width of beam
= 165 mm
Use ROLLED_STEEL_UNEQUAL_ANGLES ISA 1507512 mm as a seat angle with 150 m
Length of bearing required at root line of beam.connection between seat angle and main beam.
b = R / tw ( fyw/Γm0) R = Reaction
tw = 7.40 mm = 100 KN
b= 59.46 mm
Assume end clearance of beam as 5 mm and tolerence of 5 mm
Required length of outstanding leg = 69.46 mm < 75 mm O.K.
Length of bearing on seat angle b1 = 59.46-(tf+rb) rb = root radius at toe of beam flange = R1
= 32.06 mm tf = 11.4
For ISA 150 x 75 x 12 mm,
ta = 12 mm
ra = 10 mm ( root radius at toe )
Length of seat angle subjected to bending moment
b2 = b1 + 5+5-(ta+ra) = 20.06 mm
Calculation of B.M. on seat angle due to u.d.l. over bearing length b1
Bending moment at the root of angle ( at B )
M = Load on seat angle x b2/2
= R x b2 / b1 x b2 / 2
= 627.56 KN-mm
= 627.56 N-m
Moment capacity Md =1.2 Ze fy / Γmo
= 1080 N-m for outstanding leg of angle Ze = 165*12 2/6
O.K. = 3960 mm
Check for shear :
shear capacity of outstanding leg of seat angle =Wf * ta * fy / (sqrt(3) * Γmo)
= 259.81 KN O.K.
Shear strength of beam :
IS 800 page 59 , formula )
Vd = Av x fyw / sqrt(3) x Γmo
(IS 800 8.4.1.1) d= 350 mm
Av = dx tf = 2590 mm2 ( ISLB 350 depth x thikness )
Vd = 339.85 KN O.K.
Provide ISA 150 x 75 x 12 mm with 4-16 bolts.
Assume cleat angle 80 x 80 x 6 mm.
Connection - Beam to column Connection seat angle stiffened connection.

Main Beam ROLLED_STEEL_BEAMS ISMB 500
Bolt grade 4.6
Bolt Dia 20 mm
Steel grade Fu = 410 N/mm2 fy = 250 N/mm2
Length of bearing required at root line of beam.connection between seat angle and main beam.
b = R / tw ( fyw/Γm0)
tw = 10.20 mm ( ISMB 500 web thickness )
b= 107.84 mm
Assume end clearance of beam as 5 mm and tolerence of 5 mm
Required length of outstanding leg = 117.84 mm < 130 mm O.K.
select seat angle 130 x 130 x 8
For stiffner
Area A =(R / fy )*Γmo
= 1100 mm2
Choose stiffner Member Section ROLLED_STEEL_EQUAL_ANGLES ISA 80808
2
No. 2 2442 mm
Outstanding Leg Length = 72 mm
IS 800 , clause 8.7.1.2,page 65 Bearing area provided by legs = 2 x ( 80 x 8 ) =
Permissible outstanding leg length = 14 x ta
= 112 O.K.
Design of bolts
d= 20.00 mm
dh = 22.00 mm
Anb = 244.92 mm2
ns = 0
Γmb = 1.25
Vdsb = 45.25 KN 45.25 KN seat angle on 1
connection between seat angle with flange of Main beam.
thickness of ISHB 250 t = 9.7 mm ( flange )
kb = 0.61 0.51 0.98 1
kb = 0.51
Vdpb = 80.75 KN
( Eccentric Loading and Bending Moment connection)
No of bolt = sqrt(6 x M / m x p x Vdb ) m = No. of row of bolt
Eccentricity e = 130/2 = 65 mm p = pitch
M=Rxe= 16250000 N-mm
n= 4.64 say 5 no.
Length of stiffner Angle with column ISHB 250 = 280.00 mm
Tension force on citical bolt Tb = M' x y n / ∑( y2 )
M' =M / ( 1 + ( 2 x h / 21 ) x ( ∑y / ∑y 2 )
h = height of critical bolt from bottom of stiffner = 280-40 = 240.00 mm
Neutral axis = h / 7 = 34.29 mm
∑y = (40-34.29)+(40+50-34.29)+(40+50+50-34.29)+(40+50+50+50-34.29)+(40+50+50+50+50-34.29)
= 1057.14 mm
∑y2 = 161755.10 mm2
M' = 14138035.1262 N-mm
yn = 205.71
Tb = 17980.24 N
IS 800 , clause 10.3.5,page76
Tension capacity of bolt T= Fy x Asb ( Γmb / Γmo)/Γmb
= 71363.64 N O.K.
Check for combined capacity
IS 800 , clause 10.3.4, page 76
(Vsb / Vdb )2 + ( Tb / Tdb )2 <=1
Vsb = 25 ( Reaction / Total no. of bolt )
Vdb = 45.25
0.37 O.K.
Length of packing plate = 280-130-8 = 142.00 mm
width of packing plate = 160 mm
thickness of packing plate = 8 mm
Connection - Beam to column Connection seat angle unstiffened welded connection.

Beam ROLLED_STEEL_BEAMS ISMB 300
Reaction 100 KN
steel grade fy = 410 N/mm2 fy = 250 N/mm2
Field welding
From steel table
Property of ISMB 300 Property of ISHB 250(2)
h= 300 mm h= 250 mm
b= 140 mm b= 250 mm
tf = 12.4 mm tf = 9.7 mm
tw = 7.5 mm tw = 8.8 mm
r1 = 14 mm r1 = 10 mm
Seat angle is connected to the bottom flange of the beam.
Assume length of angle = 140+ 2 x 10 = 160 mm
Length of bearing required at the root line of beam.connection between seat angle and main beam.
b = R / tw ( fyw/Γm0)
= 58.67 mm
Length of bearing on seat angle ,
b1 =b - ( tf + r1 )
= 32.27 mm
Assume end clearance = 5 mm , tolerence = 5 mm
g= 10 mm
Length of outstanding leg required = 68.67 mm
Assume seat angle ROLLED_STEEL_UNEQUAL_ANGLES ISA 1007512
with ta = 12 mm
ra = 8.5 mm
Length of seat angle subjected to bending moment b2 = b1 + g - ( ta + ra )
b2 = 21.77 mm
Assuming u.d.l. on length b1
Moment at the root of angle. Mu = R ( b2/b1) x ( b2/2)
Mu = 734.18 KN-mm
Moment capacity of the leg of angle = 1.2 ( fy / Γmo) x Z
= 1047272.73 N-mm O.K.
Design of weld: (IS 800 clause 10.5.3.2 table 21 , page 79 )
Maximum size of weld = 10.5 mm
Minimum size of weld = 5 mm Table 21
Use 5 mm weld
strength of 5 mm weld = tt x fwd (Page 78 IS 800 )
fwd =fu / (sqrt(3) x Γmo) Γmo = 1.25 , for shop weld (Page 79 IS 800 )
fwd = 157.81 Γmo = 1.5 , for field weld
= 552.33 N/mm
Length of weld required = 90.53 mm
Length of weld on each side = 90.53 + 2 x 5
= 100.53 mm
say 100 mm
Use clip angle ( cleat angle ) of size 60 x 60 x 6 with 3 mm weld length 140 mm.
Field Fabrications
1.25
1.25
1.25
1.5
e end joint measured along the load direction or length of the weld along the load direction.
ce,respectively.
angle,end bolt line,perpendicular to the line of force,respectively.
m
ISA 75506 AREA = 7.16 cm2
o root diameter at the thread.

s for statically determinate structures.The factored load Pu is determined by summing up the specified loads multiplied by the appropriat
target area A.The slenderness ratios as given table will help the designer to choose the trial sections.
ting proportions for sections

Class 3 Semi-
compact
13.6
15.7
42
42
126
126(1+2r2) but <=42
105/(1+1.5r1) but
<=42
42
15.7
15.7
15.7
25
15.7
18.9
compressive stress of web alone and average axial compressive stress/design compressive stress of overall section, respectively.r1 and r2
the maximum limiting value given in table.Using tables compute fcd and the design strength Pd = A fcd.
uired by more than a few percent,the design would be acceptable,otherwise repeat steps 2 through 4.
111.00 96.14
152.37 133.40
using the following equation :

λc = sqrt(k1+k2λvv2+k3λΦ2)
k1,k2,k3 = constants depending upon the end condition, as given in table
λvv = ( l / rvv ) / (ε x sqrt( π2ε/250))
and
λΦ = ( b1+b2)/2t / (ε x sqrt( π2ε/250))
where
l = centre to centre length of the supporting member,
rvv = radius of gyration about the minor axis,

b1,b2 = width of the two legs of the angle,
t = thickness of the leg and
ε = yield stress ratio ( 250 / fy ) 0.5
Table : - Constants k1,k2,k3

No. of Bolts at Each Gusset/Connecting
SR. No.
End Connection Member Fixity k1 k2 k3
i) >= 2 Fixed 0.2 0.35 20
Hinged 0.7 0.6 5
ii ) 1 Fixed 0.75 0.35 20
Hinged 1.25 0.5 60
KN ( eccentically loaded )
ISA 70706 AREA = 8.06 cm2
1
o root diameter at the thread.
2
KN ( concentrically loaded )
k on gusset plate of 8 mm thick.
ISA 100656 AREA = 9.55 cm2
Pu
ISHB 400(2) AREA = 104.66 cm2
ISA 90608 AREA = 11.37 cm2
ISMC 200 AREA = 28.21 cm2
cm4
Zefy/Γmo for cantilever beam
=Ze/Zp for semi-compact section
connected by web cleat angle connected on one side of main beam.
meter at the thread.
side of secondary beam.

side of Main beam.
ISMB-300 and Column ISHB-300 connected by flange
side of Main beam.

side of flange of column.
spanning 5.00 m carrying a total factored u.d.l. = 200 KN .

The beam is connected with the flange of the column ISHB-200 @ 40 kg/m.
side of Main beam.
mm as a seat angle with 150 mm leg vertical.
f beam flange = R1
rb = 16
transfer reaction 250 KN to
flange.
ISA 80808 AREA = 12.21 cm2
y legs = 2 x ( 80 x 8 ) = 1280 O.K.

side of Main beam.

ROLLED_STEEL_EQUAL_ANGLES ROLLED STEEL EQUAL ANGLES
ROLLED_STEEL_UNEQUAL_ANGLES Thicknes
Designation
ROLLED_STEEL_BEAMS s t (mm)
ROLLED_STEEL_CHANNELS ISA 20203 3
ROLLED_STEEL_TEE_BARS ISA 20204 4
ISA 25253 3
Grade of bolt ultimate tensile strength of bolt ISA 25254 4
4.6 400 ISA 25255 5
4.8 420 ISA 30303 3
5.6 500 ISA 30304 4
5.8 520 ISA 30305 5
8.8 830 ISA 35353 3
9.8 900 ISA 35354 4
10.9 1040 ISA 35355 5
12.9 1220 ISA 35356 6
size of bolt Diameter of bolt hole ISA 40403 3
12 13 ISA 40404 4
14 15 ISA 40405 5
16 18 ISA 40406 6
20 22 ISA 45453 3
22 24 ISA 45454 4
24 26 ISA 45455 5
30 33 ISA 45456 6
36 39 slenderne ISA 50503 3
Sr. No. Member ss ratio ISA 50504 4
i) A member carrying compressive load ( D.L. + L.L. ) 180 ISA 50505 5
ii ) A tension member in which reversal of direct stress occurs due t 180 ISA 50506 6
iii ) A member subjected to compression forces resulting only from co 250 ISA 55555 5
iv ) Compression flange of a beam against lateral torsional buckling 300 ISA 55556 6
v) A member normally acting as a tie in a roof truss or a bracing sy 350 ISA 55558 8
vi ) Members always under tension ( other than pre-tensioned memb 400 ISA 555510 10
ISA 60605 5
Minimum size of Fillet Weld ISA 60606 6
SR. No. Thickness of thicker part mm Minimum size mm ISA 60608 8
i) 0-10 3 ISA 606010 10
ii ) 10-20 5 ISA 65655 5
iii ) 20-32 6 ISA 65656 6
iv ) 32-50 8 of first run ISA 65658 8
10 for minimum size of weld ISA 656510 10
NOTES : ISA 70705 5
1 When the minimum size of the fillet weld is greater than the thickness of ISA 70706 6
the thinner part, the minimum size of the weld should be equal to the
thickness of the thinner part.
When the minimum size of the fillet weld is greater than the thickness of
the thinner part, the minimum size of the weld should be equal to the
thickness of the thinner part. ISA 70708 8
ISA 707010 10
ISA 75755 5
ISA 75756 6
ISA 75758 8
ISA 757510 10
ISA 80806 6
ISA 80808 8
ISA 808010 10
ISA 808012 12
ISA 90906 6
ISA 90908 8
ISA 909010 10
ISA 909012 12
ISA 1001006 6
ISA 1001008 8
ISA 10010010 10
ISA 10010012 12
ISA 1101108 8
ISA 11011010 10
ISA 11011012 12
ISA 11011015 15
ISA 1301308 8
ISA 13013010 10
ISA 13013012 12
ISA 13013015 15
ISA 15015010 10
ISA 15015012 12
ISA 15015015 15
ISA 15015018 18
ISA 20020012 12
ISA 20020015 15
ISA 20020018 18
ISA 20020025 25
Thicknes
Designation
s t (mm)
ISA 30203 3
ISA 30204 4
ISA 30205 5
ISA 40253 3
ISA 40254 4
ISA 40255 5
ISA 40256 6
ISA 45303 3
ISA 45304 4
ISA 45305 5
ISA 45306 6
ISA 50303 3
ISA 50304 4
ISA 50305 5
ISA 50306 6
ISA 60405 5
ISA 60406 6
ISA 60408 8
ISA 65455 5
ISA 65456 6
ISA 65458 8
ISA 70455 5
ISA 70456 6
ISA 70458 8
ISA 704510 10
ISA 75505 5
ISA 75506 6
ISA 75508 8
ISA 755010 10
ISA 80505 5
ISA 80506 6
ISA 80508 8
ISA 805010 10
s multiplied by the appropriate partial load factor Γ f. ISA 90606 6
ISA 90608 8
ISA 906010 10
ISA 906012 12
ISA 100656 6
ISA 100658 8
ISA 1006510 10
ISA 100756 6
ISA 100758 8
ISA 1007510 10
ISA 1007512 12
ISA 125756 6
ISA 125758 8
ISA 1257510 10
ISA 125956 6
ISA 125958 8
ISA 1259510 10
ISA 1259512 12
ISA 150758 8
ISA 1507510 10
ISA 1507512 12
ISA 1501158 8
ISA 15011510 10
ISA 15011512 12
ISA 15011515 15
ISA 20010010 10
ISA 20010012 12
ISA 20010015 15
ISA 20015010 10
ISA 20015012 12
ISA 20015015 15
ISA 20015018 18
ROLLED STEEL BEAMS
section, respectively.r1 and r2 are negative if axial stress is tensile.
ISJB 150 7.1

ISJB 175 8.1
ISJB 200 9.9
ISJB 225 12.8
ISLB 75 6.1
ISLB 100 8
ISLB 125 11.9
ISLB 150 14.2
ISLB 175 16.7
ISLB 200 19.8
ISLB 225 23.5
ISLB 250 27.9
ISLB 275 33
ISLB 300 37.7
ISLB 325 43.1
ISLB 350 49.5
ISLB 400 56.9
ISLB 450 65.3
ISLB 500 75
ISLB 550 86.3
ISLB 600 99.5
ISMB 100 11.5
ISMB 125 13
ISMB 150 14.9
ISMB 175 19.3
ISMB 200 25.4
ISMB 225 31.2
ISMB 250 37.3
ISMB 300 44.2
ISMB 350 52.4
ISMB 400 61.6
ISMB 450 72.4
ISMB 500 86.9
ISMB 550 103.7
ISMB 600 122.6
ISWB 150 17
ISWB 175 22.1
ISWB 200 28.8
ISWB 225 33.9
ISWB 250 40.9
ISWB 300 48.1
ISWB 350 56.9
ISWB 400 66.7
ISWB 450 79.4
ISWB 500 95.2
ISWB 550 112.5
ISWB 600(1) 133.7
ISWB 600(2) 145.1
ISHB 150(1) 27.1
ISHB 150(2) 30.6
ISHB 150(3) 34.6
ISHB 200(1) 37.3
ISHB 200(2) 40
ISHB 225(1) 43.1
ISHB 225(2) 46.8
ISHB 250(1) 51
ISHB 250(2) 54.7
ISHB 300(1) 58.8
ISHB 300(2) 63
ISHB 350(1) 67.4
ISHB 350(2) 72.4
ISHB 400(1) 77.4
ISHB 400(2) 82.2
ISHB 450(1) 87.2
ISHB 450(2) 92.5
ISJC 100 5.8
ISJC 125 7.9
ISJC 150 9.9
ISJC 175 11.2
ISJC 200 13.9
ISLC 75 5.7
ISLC 100 7.9
ISLC 125 10.7
ISLC 150 14.4
ISLC 175 17.6
ISLC 200 20.6
ISLC 225 24
ISLC 250 28
ISLC 300 33.1
ISLC 350 38.8
ISLC 400 45.7
ISMC 75 6.8
ISMC 100 9.2
ISMC 125 12.7
ISMC 150 16.4
ISMC 175 19.1
ISMC 200 22.1
ISMC 225 25.9
ISMC 250 30.4
ISMC 300 35.8
ISMC 350 42.1
ISMC 400 49.4
ISNT 20 0.9
ISNT 30 1.4
ISNT 40 3.5
ISNT 50 4.5
ISNT 60 5.4
ISNT 80 9.6
ISNT 100 15
ISNT 150 22.8
ISHT 75 15.3
ISHT 100 20
ISHT 125 27.4
ISHT 150 29.4
ISST 100 8.1
ISST 150 15.7
ISST 200 28.4
ISST 250 37.5
ISLT 50 4
ISLT 75 7.1
ISLT 100 12.7
ISJT 75 3.5
ISJT 87.5 4
ISJT 100 5
ISJT 112.5 6.4
QUAL ANGLES ISA 20203 1.12 0.58 0.73 0.37 0.37
Sectional Weight ISA 20204 1.45 0.58 0.72 0.37 0.37
Area (a) per meter
cm2 (w) kg ISA 25253 1.41 0.73 0.93 0.47 0.47
1.12 0.90 ISA 25254 1.84 0.73 0.91 0.47 0.47
1.45 1.10 ISA 25255 2.25 0.72 0.91 0.47 0.47
1.41 1.10 ISA 30303 1.73 0.89 1.13 0.57 0.57
1.84 1.40 ISA 30304 2.26 0.89 1.12 0.57 0.57
2.25 1.80 ISA 30305 2.77 0.88 1.11 0.57 0.57
1.73 1.40 ISA 35353 2.03 1.05 1.33 0.67 0.67
2.26 1.80 ISA 35354 2.66 1.05 1.32 0.67 0.67
2.77 2.20 ISA 35355 3.27 1.04 1.31 0.67 0.67
2.03 1.60 ISA 35356 3.86 1.03 1.29 0.67 0.67
2.66 2.10 ISA 40403 2.34 1.21 1.54 0.77 0.77
3.27 2.60 ISA 40404 3.07 1.21 1.53 0.77 0.77
3.86 3.00 ISA 40405 3.78 1.20 1.51 0.77 0.77
2.34 1.80 ISA 40406 4.47 1.19 1.50 0.77 0.77
3.07 2.40 ISA 45453 2.64 1.38 1.74 0.87 0.87
3.78 3.00 ISA 45454 3.47 1.37 1.73 0.87 0.87
4.47 3.50 ISA 45455 4.28 1.36 1.72 0.87 0.87
2.64 2.10 ISA 45456 5.07 1.35 1.70 0.87 0.87
3.47 2.70 ISA 50503 2.95 1.53 1.94 0.97 0.97
4.28 3.40 ISA 50504 3.88 1.53 1.93 0.97 0.97
5.07 4.00 ISA 50505 4.79 1.52 1.92 0.97 0.97
2.95 2.30 ISA 50506 5.68 1.51 1.90 0.96 0.96
3.88 3.00 ISA 55555 5.27 1.67 2.11 1.06 1.06
4.79 3.80 ISA 55556 6.26 1.66 2.10 1.06 1.06
5.68 4.50 ISA 55558 8.18 1.64 2.07 1.06 1.06
5.27 4.10 ISA 55551 10.02 1.62 2.03 1.06 1.06
6.26 4.90 ISA 60605 5.75 1.82 2.31 1.16 1.16
8.18 6.40 ISA 60606 6.84 1.82 2.29 1.15 1.15
10.02 7.90 ISA 60608 8.96 1.80 2.27 1.15 1.15
5.75 4.50 ISA 60601 11.00 1.78 2.23 1.15 1.15
6.84 5.40 ISA 65655 6.25 1.99 2.51 1.26 1.26
8.96 7.00 ISA 65656 7.44 1.98 2.50 1.26 1.26
11.00 8.60 ISA 65658 9.76 1.96 2.47 1.25 1.25
6.25 4.90 ISA 65651 12.00 1.94 2.44 1.25 1.25
7.44 5.80 ISA 70705 6.77 2.15 2.71 1.36 1.36
9.76 7.70 ISA 70706 8.06 2.14 2.70 1.36 1.36
12.00 9.40 ISA 70708 10.58 2.12 2.67 1.35 1.35
6.77 5.30 ISA 70701 13.02 2.10 2.64 1.35 1.35
8.06 6.30 ISA 75755 7.27 2.31 2.92 1.46 1.46
10.58 8.30 ISA 75756 8.66 2.30 2.91 1.46 1.46
13.02 10.20 ISA 75758 11.38 2.28 2.88 1.45 1.45
7.27 5.70 ISA 75751 14.02 2.26 2.84 1.45 1.45
8.66 6.80 ISA 80806 9.29 2.46 3.11 1.56 1.56
11.38 8.90 ISA 80808 12.21 2.44 3.08 1.55 1.55
14.02 11.00 ISA 80801 15.05 2.41 3.04 1.55 1.55
9.29 7.30 ISA 80801 17.81 2.39 3.01 1.54 1.54
12.21 9.60 ISA 90906 10.47 2.77 3.50 1.75 1.75
15.05 11.80 ISA 90908 13.79 2.75 3.47 1.75 1.75
17.81 14.00 ISA 90901 17.03 2.73 3.44 1.74 1.74
10.47 8.20 ISA 90901 20.19 2.71 3.41 1.74 1.74
13.79 10.80 ISA 10010 11.67 3.09 3.91 1.95 1.95
17.03 13.40 ISA 10010 15.39 3.07 3.88 1.95 1.95
20.19 15.80 ISA 10010 19.03 3.05 3.85 1.94 1.94
11.67 9.20 ISA 10010 22.59 3.03 3.82 1.94 1.94
15.39 12.10 ISA 11011 17.02 3.38 4.28 2.14 2.14
19.03 14.90 ISA 11011 21.06 3.36 4.25 2.14 2.14
22.59 17.70 ISA 11011 25.02 3.34 4.22 2.13 2.13
17.02 13.40 ISA 11011 30.81 3.31 4.17 2.13 2.13
21.06 16.50 ISA 13013 20.22 4.03 5.10 2.55 2.55
25.02 19.60 ISA 13013 25.06 4.01 5.07 2.54 2.54
30.81 24.20 ISA 13013 29.82 3.99 5.03 2.54 2.54
20.22 15.90 ISA 13013 36.81 3.95 4.98 2.53 2.53
25.06 19.70 ISA 15015 29.03 4.63 5.86 2.93 2.93
29.82 23.40 ISA 15015 34.59 4.61 5.83 2.93 2.93
36.81 28.90 ISA 15015 42.78 4.58 5.78 2.92 2.92
29.03 22.80 ISA 15015 50.79 4.54 5.73 2.91 2.91
34.59 27.20 ISA 20020 46.61 6.20 7.84 3.92 3.92
42.78 33.60 ISA 20020 57.80 6.17 7.79 3.91 3.91
50.79 39.90 ISA 20020 68.81 6.13 7.75 3.90 3.90
46.61 36.60 ISA 20020 93.80 6.05 7.63 3.88 3.88
57.80 45.40 ISA 30203 1.41 0.92 0.54 0.99 0.41 0.41
68.81 54.00 ISA 30204 1.84 0.92 0.54 0.98 0.41 0.41
93.80 73.60 ISA 30205 2.25 0.91 0.53 0.97 0.41 0.41
UNEQUAL ANGLES ISA 40253 1.88 1.25 0.68 1.33 0.52 0.52
Sectional Weight
ISA 40254 2.46 1.25 0.68 1.32 0.52 0.52
Area (a) per meter
cm2 (w) kg ISA 40255 3.02 1.24 0.67 1.31 0.52 0.52
1.41 1.10 ISA 40256 3.56 1.23 0.66 1.29 0.52 0.52
1.84 1.40 ISA 45303 2.18 1.42 0.84 1.52 0.63 0.63
2.25 1.80 ISA 45304 2.86 1.41 0.84 1.51 0.63 0.63
1.88 1.50 ISA 45305 3.52 1.40 0.83 1.50 0.63 0.63
2.46 1.90 ISA 45306 4.16 1.39 0.82 1.49 0.63 0.63
3.02 2.40 ISA 50303 2.34 1.59 0.82 1.67 0.65 0.65
3.56 2.80 ISA 50304 3.07 1.58 0.82 1.66 0.63 0.63
2.18 1.70 ISA 50305 3.78 1.57 0.81 1.65 0.63 0.63
2.86 2.20 ISA 50306 4.47 1.56 0.80 1.64 0.63 0.63
3.52 2.80 ISA 60405 4.76 1.89 1.12 2.02 0.85 0.85
4.16 3.30 ISA 60406 5.65 1.88 1.11 2.01 0.85 0.85
2.34 1.80 ISA 60408 7.37 1.86 1.10 1.98 0.84 0.84
3.07 2.40 ISA 65455 5.26 2.05 1.28 2.22 0.96 0.96
3.78 3.00 ISA 65456 6.25 2.04 1.27 2.21 0.95 0.95
4.47 3.50 ISA 65458 8.17 2.02 1.25 2.18 0.95 0.95
4.76 3.70 ISA 70455 5.52 2.22 1.26 2.36 0.96 0.96
5.65 4.40 ISA 70456 6.56 2.21 1.25 2.35 0.96 0.96
7.37 5.80 ISA 70458 8.58 2.19 1.24 2.32 0.95 0.95
5.26 4.10 ISA 70451 10.52 2.16 1.22 2.29 0.95 0.95
6.25 4.90 ISA 75505 6.02 2.38 1.42 2.56 1.07 1.07
8.17 6.40 ISA 75506 7.16 2.37 1.41 2.55 1.07 1.07
5.52 4.30 ISA 75508 9.38 2.35 1.40 2.52 1.06 1.06
6.56 5.20 ISA 75501 11.52 2.33 1.38 2.49 1.06 1.06
8.58 6.70 ISA 80505 6.27 2.55 1.40 2.70 1.07 1.07
10.52 8.30 ISA 80506 7.46 2.54 1.39 2.69 1.07 1.07
6.02 4.70 ISA 80508 9.78 2.52 1.37 2.66 1.06 1.06
7.16 5.60 ISA 80501 12.02 2.49 1.36 2.63 1.06 1.06
9.38 7.40 ISA 90606 8.65 2.86 1.71 3.07 1.28 1.28
11.52 9.00 ISA 90608 11.37 2.84 1.69 3.04 1.28 1.28
6.27 4.90 ISA 90601 14.01 2.81 1.67 3.01 1.27 1.27
7.46 5.90 ISA 90601 16.57 2.79 1.65 2.98 1.27 1.27
9.78 7.70 ISA 10065 9.55 3.18 1.84 3.40 1.39 1.39
12.02 9.40 ISA 10065 12.57 3.16 1.83 3.38 1.39 1.39
8.65 6.80 ISA 10065 15.51 3.14 1.81 3.35 1.38 1.38
11.37 8.90 ISA 10075 10.14 3.15 2.19 3.50 1.59 1.59
14.01 11.00 ISA 10075 13.36 3.14 2.18 3.48 1.59 1.59
16.57 13.00 ISA 10075 16.50 3.12 2.16 3.45 1.58 1.58
9.55 7.50 ISA 10075 19.56 3.10 2.14 3.42 1.58 1.58
12.57 9.90 ISA 12575 11.66 4.01 2.10 4.23 1.62 1.62
15.51 12.20 ISA 12575 15.38 4.00 2.09 4.21 1.61 1.61
10.14 8.00 ISA 12575 19.02 3.97 2.07 4.18 1.61 1.61
13.36 10.50 ISA 12595 12.86 3.97 2.82 4.43 2.03 2.03
16.50 13.00 ISA 12595 16.98 3.96 2.80 4.41 2.02 2.02
19.56 15.40 ISA 12595 21.02 3.94 2.78 4.38 2.02 2.02
11.66 9.20 ISA 12595 24.98 3.91 2.76 4.35 2.01 2.01
15.38 12.10 ISA 15075 17.42 4.83 2.01 4.98 1.60 1.60
19.02 14.90 ISA 15075 21.56 4.81 1.99 4.96 1.59 1.59
12.86 10.10 ISA 15075 25.62 4.79 1.97 4.93 1.58 1.58
16.98 13.30 ISA 15011 20.58 4.76 3.41 5.31 2.45 2.45
21.02 16.50 ISA 15011 25.52 4.74 3.39 5.29 2.44 2.44
24.98 19.60 ISA 15011 30.38 4.72 3.37 5.26 2.44 2.44
17.42 13.70 ISA 15011 37.52 4.69 3.34 5.22 2.43 2.43
21.56 16.90 ISA 20010 29.03 6.46 2.68 6.66 2.14 2.14
25.62 20.10 ISA 20010 34.59 6.43 2.67 6.63 2.13 2.13
20.58 16.20 ISA 20010 42.78 6.40 2.64 6.59 2.12 2.12
25.52 20.00 ISA 20015 34.00 6.37 4.44 7.06 3.21 3.21
30.38 23.80 ISA 20015 40.56 6.35 4.42 7.04 3.21 3.21
37.52 29.50 ISA 20015 50.25 6.32 4.39 7.00 3.20 3.20
29.03 22.80 ISA 20015 59.76 6.28 4.36 6.95 3.19 3.19
34.59 27.20 ISJB 150 9.01 5.98 1.01 1.01
42.78 33.60 ISJB 175 10.28 6.83 0.97 0.97

34.00 26.70 ISJB 200 12.64 7.86 1.17 1.17
40.56 31.80 ISJB 225 16.28 8.97 1.58 1.58
50.25 39.40 ISLB 75 7.71 3.07 1.14 1.14
59.76 46.90 ISLB 100 10.21 4.06 1.12 1.12
ISLB 125 15.12 5.19 1.69 1.69
ISLB 150 18.08 6.17 1.75 1.75
ISLB 175 21.3 7.17 1.93 1.93
ISLB 200 25.27 8.19 2.13 2.13
ISLB 225 29.92 9.15 1.94 1.94
9.01 ISLB 250 35.53 10.23 2.33 2.33
10.28 ISLB 275 42.02 11.31 2.61 2.61
12.64 ISLB 300 48.08 12.35 2.8 2.80
16.28 ISLB 325 54.9 13.41 3.05 3.05
7.71 ISLB 350 63.01 14.45 3.17 3.17
10.21 ISLB 400 72.43 16.33 3.15 3.15
15.12 ISLB 450 83.14 18.2 3.2 3.20
18.08 ISLB 500 95.5 20.1 3.34 3.34
21.3 ISLB 550 109.97 21.99 3.48 3.48
25.27 ISLB 600 126.69 23.98 3.79 3.79
29.92 ISMB 100 14.6 4.2 1.67 1.67
35.53 ISMB 125 16.6 5.2 1.62 1.62
42.02 ISMB 150 19 6.18 1.66 1.66
48.08 ISMB 175 24.62 7.19 1.86 1.86
54.9 ISMB 200 32.33 8.32 2.15 2.15
63.01 ISMB 225 39.72 9.31 2.34 2.34
72.43 ISMB 250 47.55 10.39 2.65 2.65
83.14 ISMB 300 56.26 12.37 2.84 2.84
95.5 ISMB 350 66.71 14.29 2.84 2.84
109.97 ISMB 400 78.46 16.15 2.82 2.82
126.69 ISMB 450 92.27 18.15 3.01 3.01
14.6 ISMB 500 110.74 20.21 3.52 3.52
16.6 ISMB 550 132.11 22.16 3.73 3.73
19 ISMB 600 156.21 24.24 4.12 4.12
24.62 ISWB 150 21.67 6.22 2.09 2.09
32.33 ISWB 175 28.11 7.33 2.59 2.59
39.72 ISWB 200 36.71 8.46 2.99 2.99
47.55 ISWB 225 43.24 9.52 3.22 3.22
56.26 ISWB 250 52.05 10.69 4.06 4.06
66.71 ISWB 300 61.33 12.66 4.02 4.02
78.46 ISWB 350 72.5 14.63 4.03 4.03
92.27 ISWB 400 85.01 16.6 4.04 4.04
110.74 ISWB 450 101.15 18.63 4.11 4.11
132.11 ISWB 500 121.22 20.77 4.96 4.96
156.21 ISWB 550 143.34 22.86 5.11 5.11
21.67 ISWB 600( 170.38 24.97 5.25 5.25
28.11 ISWB 600( 184.86 25.01 5.35 5.35
36.71 ISHB 150(1 34.48 6.5 3.54 3.54
43.24 ISHB 150(2 38.98 6.29 3.44 3.44
52.05 ISHB 150(3 44.08 6.09 3.35 3.35
61.33 ISHB 200(1 47.54 8.71 4.51 4.51
72.5 ISHB 200(2 50.94 8.55 4.42 4.42
85.01 ISHB 225(1 54.94 9.8 4.96 4.96
101.15 ISHB 225(2 59.66 9.58 4.84 4.84
121.22 ISHB 250(1 64.96 10.91 5.49 5.49
143.34 ISHB 250(2 69.71 10.7 5.37 5.37
170.38 ISHB 300(1 74.85 12.95 5.41 5.41
184.86 ISHB 300(2 80.25 12.7 5.29 5.29
34.48 ISHB 350(1 85.91 14.93 5.34 5.34
38.98 ISHB 350(2 92.21 14.65 5.22 5.22
44.08 ISHB 400(1 98.66 16.87 5.26 5.26
47.54 ISHB 400(2 104.66 16.61 5.16 5.16
50.94 ISHB 450(1 111.14 18.78 5.18 5.18
54.94 ISHB 450(2 117.89 18.5 5.08 5.08
59.66 ISJC 100 7.41 4.09 1.42 1.42
64.96 ISJC 125 10.07 5.18 1.6 1.60
69.71 ISJC 150 12.65 6.1 1.73 1.73
74.85 ISJC 175 14.24 7.11 1.88 1.88
80.25 ISJC 200 17.77 8.08 2.18 2.18
85.91 ISLC 75 7.26 3.02 1.26 1.26
92.21 ISLC 100 10.02 4.06 1.57 1.57
98.66 ISLC 125 13.67 5.11 2.05 2.05
104.66 ISLC 150 18.36 6.16 2.37 2.37
111.14 ISLC 175 22.4 7.16 2.38 2.38
117.89 ISLC 200 26.22 8.11 2.37 2.37
ISLC 225 30.53 9.14 2.62 2.62
7.41 ISLC 250 35.65 10.17 2.89 2.89
10.07 ISLC 300 42.11 11.98 2.87 2.87
12.65 ISLC 350 49.47 13.72 2.82 2.82
14.24 ISLC 400 58.25 15.5 2.81 2.81
17.77 ISMC 75 8.67 2.96 1.21 1.21
7.26 ISMC 100 11.7 4 1.49 1.49
10.02 ISMC 125 16.19 5.07 1.92 1.92
13.67 ISMC 150 20.88 6.11 2.21 2.21
18.36 ISMC 175 24.38 7.08 2.23 2.23
22.4 ISMC 200 28.21 8.03 2.23 2.23
26.22 ISMC 225 33.01 9.03 2.38 2.38
30.53 ISMC 250 38.67 9.94 2.38 2.38
35.65 ISMC 300 45.64 11.81 2.61 2.61
42.11 ISMC 350 53.66 13.66 2.83 2.83
49.47 ISMC 400 62.93 15.48 2.83 2.83
58.25 ISNT 20 1.13 0.59 0.39 0.39
8.67 ISNT 30 1.75 0.89 0.57 0.57
11.7 ISNT 40 4.48 1.18 0.82 0.82
16.19 ISNT 50 5.7 1.5 1.02 1.02
20.88 ISNT 60 6.9 1.81 1.21 1.21
24.38 ISNT 80 12.25 2.41 1.62 1.62
28.21 ISNT 100 19.1 3.02 2.05 2.05
33.01 ISNT 150 29.08 4.56 3.03 3.03
38.67 ISHT 75 19.49 2.22 3.44 2.22
45.64 ISHT 100 25.47 2.76 4.42 2.76
53.66 ISHT 125 34.85 3.45 5.37 3.45
62.93 ISHT 150 37.42 3.92 5.41 3.92
ISST 100 10.37 3.09 0.96 0.96
ISST 150 19.96 4.75 1.36 1.36
ISST 200 36.22 5.92 3.15 3.15
ISST 250 47.75 7.62 3.34 3.34
ISLT 50 5.11 1.39 1.12 1.12
ISLT 75 9.04 2.15 1.75 1.75
1.13 ISLT 100 16.16 2.69 2.15 2.15
1.75 ISJT 75 4.5 2.35 1.01 1.01
4.48 ISJT 87.5 5.14 2.75 0.97 0.97
5.7 ISJT 100 6.32 3.17 1.17 1.17
6.9 ISJT 112.5 8.14 3.53 1.58 1.58
12.25
19.1 rxx 0 0.6 1 1.4 1.8

29.08 ISA 50503 1.53 2.02 2.22 2.38 2.53 2.69
19.49 ISA 50504 1.53 2.06 2.26 2.42 2.57 2.74
25.47 ISA 50505 1.52 2.07 2.28 2.44 2.6 2.76
34.85 ISA 50506 1.51 2.09 2.31 2.46 2.63 2.79
37.42 ISA 55555 1.67 2.26 2.48 2.63 2.79 2.95
10.37 ISA 55556 1.66 2.28 2.5 2.65 2.81 2.98
19.96 ISA 55558 1.64 2.33 2.55 2.7 2.87 3.03
36.22 ISA 55551 1.62 2.36 2.59 2.75 2.91 3.08
47.75 ISA 60605 1.82 2.46 2.67 2.82 2.98 3.14
5.11 ISA 60606 1.82 2.48 2.7 2.85 3 3.16
9.04 ISA 60608 1.8 2.52 2.74 2.89 3.06 3.22
16.16 ISA 60601 1.78 2.57 2.79 2.95 3.11 3.28
4.5 ISA 65655 1.99 2.66 2.87 3.02 3.17 3.33
5.14 ISA 65656 1.98 2.68 2.89 3.04 3.2 3.35
6.32 ISA 65658 1.96 2.72 2.94 3.09 3.25 3.41
8.14 ISA 65651 1.94 2.76 2.98 3.14 3.3 3.46
ISA 70705 2.15 2.86 3.06 3.21 3.36 3.52
ISA 70706 2.14 2.88 3.1 3.24 3.4 3.55
ISA 70708 2.12 2.93 3.14 3.29 3.45 3.61
ISA 70701 2.1 2.97 3.19 3.34 3.5 3.66
ISA 75755 2.31 3.07 3.27 3.42 3.57 3.72
ISA 75756 2.3 3.08 3.29 3.44 3.59 3.75
ISA 75758 2.28 3.12 3.34 3.49 3.64 3.8
ISA 75751 2.26 3.17 3.38 3.54 3.69 3.85
ISA 80806 2.46 3.28 3.49 3.63 3.79 3.94
ISA 80808 2.44 3.33 3.54 3.69 3.84 4
ISA 80801 2.41 3.36 3.58 3.73 3.88 4.04
ISA 80801 2.39 3.4 3.62 3.77 3.93 4.09
ISA 90906 2.77 3.68 3.88 4.02 4.17 4.32
ISA 90908 2.75 3.72 3.93 4.08 4.23 4.38
ISA 90901 2.71 3.76 3.97 4.12 4.27 4.43
ISA 90901 2.71 3.79 4.01 4.16 4.31 4.47
ISA 10010 3.09 4.08 4.28 4.43 4.57 4.72
ISA 10010 3.07 4.13 4.33 4.48 4.63 4.78
ISA 10010 3.05 4.17 4.38 4.52 4.67 4.83
ISA 10010 3.03 4.2 4.41 4.56 4.71 4.87
ISA 11011 3.36 4.52 4.73 4.87 5.01 5.16
ISA 11011 3.36 4.56 4.77 4.91 5.06 5.21
ISA 11011 3.34 4.6 4.81 4.96 5.11 5.26
ISA 11011 3.31 4.65 4.87 5.02 5.17 5.32
ISA 13013 4.003 5.34 5.54 5.68 5.82 5.97
ISA 13013 4.01 5.37 5.58 5.72 5.86 6.01
ISA 13013 3.99 5.41 5.62 5.76 5.91 6.06
ISA 13013 3.95 5.46 5.67 5.82 5.97 6.12
ISA 15015 4.63 6.15 6.36 6.5 6.64 6.78
ISA 15015 4.61 6.2 6.4 6.54 6.68 6.83
ISA 15015 4.58 6.25 6.46 6.6 6.75 6.9
ISA 15015 4.54 6.31 6.52 6.67 6.82 6.97
ISA 20020 6.2 8.19 8.39 8.53 8.67 8.81
ISA 20020 6.17 8.26 8.46 8.6 8.74 8.88
ISA 20020 6.13 8.31 8.52 8.66 8.8 8.94
ISA 20020 6.05 8.44 8.65 8.79 8.94 9.09
ISA 65455 2.05 1.67 1.88 2.03 2.19 2.36
ISA 65456 2.04 1.69 1.91 2.06 2.22 2.39
ISA 65458 2.02 1.73 1.95 2.11 2.28 2.44
ISA 70455 2.22 1.64 1.84 1.99 2.15 2.31
ISA 70456 2.21 1.66 1.87 2.02 2.18 2.35
ISA 70458 2.19 1.69 1.91 2.07 2.23 2.4
ISA 70451 2.16 1.74 1.96 2.12 2.29 2.46
ISA 75505 2.38 1.84 2.04 2.19 2.34 2.5
ISA 75506 2.37 1.85 2.06 2.21 2.37 2.53
ISA 75508 2.35 1.89 2.11 2.26 2.42 2.59
ISA 75501 2.33 1.93 2.16 2.31 2.48 2.65
ISA 80505 2.55 1.79 1.99 2.14 2.3 2.46
ISA 80506 2.54 1.81 2.02 2.16 2.32 2.48
ISA 80508 2.52 1.85 2.06 2.22 2.38 2.54
ISA 80501 2.49 1.89 2.11 2.27 2.43 2.6
ISA 90606 2.86 2.2 2.4 2.55 2.7 2.86
ISA 90608 2.84 2.24 2.45 2.6 2.76 2.92
ISA 90601 2.81 2.28 2.49 2.64 2.8 2.97
ISA 90601 2.79 2.32 2.54 2.7 2.86 3.02
ISA 10065 3.18 2.36 2.55 2.7 2.85 3
ISA 10065 3.16 2.4 2.6 2.75 2.9 3.06
ISA 10065 3.14 2.43 2.64 2.79 2.95 3.11
ISA 10075 3.15 2.82 3.02 3.16 3.31 3.46
ISA 10075 3.14 2.87 3.07 3.22 3.37 3.52
ISA 10075 3.12 2.91 3.12 3.27 3.42 3.58
ISA 10075 3.1 2.95 3.16 3.31 3.47 3.63
ISA 12575 4.01 2.64 2.83 2.97 3.11 3.26
ISA 12575 4 2.68 2.88 3.02 3.17 3.32
ISA 12575 3.97 2.72 2.92 3.07 3.22 3.37
ISA 12595 3.97 3.59 3.78 3.92 4.06 4.2
ISA 12595 3.96 3.63 3.83 3.97 4.11 4.26
ISA 12595 3.94 3.67 3.97 4.01 4.16 4.31
ISA 12595 3.91 3.7 3.91 4.05 4.2 4.36
ISA 15075 4.83 2.52 2.72 2.86 3 3.15
ISA 15075 4.81 2.56 2.76 2.9 3.05 3.2
ISA 15075 4.79 2.6 2.8 2.95 3.1 3.25
ISA 15011 4.76 4.37 4.56 4.69 4.83 4.98
ISA 15011 4.74 4.41 4.61 4.75 4.89 5.03
ISA 15011 4.72 4.45 4.65 4.79 4.93 5.08
ISA 15011 4.69 4.5 4.71 4.85 5 5.15
ISA 20010 6.46 3.35 3.54 3.68 3.81 3.96
ISA 20010 6.43 3.4 3.59 3.73 3.87 4.01
ISA 20010 6.4 3.45 3.65 3.79 3.94 4.09
ISA 20015 6.37 5.66 5.85 5.98 6.12 6.26
ISA 20015 6.35 5.7 5.9 6.03 6.17 6.31
ISA 20015 6.32 5.76 5.96 6.09 6.23 6.38
ISA 20015 6.28 5.81 6.01 6.15 6.3 6.44
ISA 65455 1.28 2.91 3.13 3.29 3.45 3.61

ISA 65456 1.27 2.93 3.16 3.31 3.47 3.64
ISA 65458 1.25 2.98 3.2 3.36 3.52 3.69
ISA 70455 1.26 3.17 3.4 3.55 3.71 3.87
ISA 70456 1.25 3.2 3.43 3.58 3.74 3.9
ISA 70458 1.24 3.25 3.47 3.63 3.79 3.96
ISA 70451 1.22 3.29 3.52 3.68 3.85 4.01
ISA 75505 1.42 3.37 3.59 3.74 3.9 4.06
ISA 75506 1.41 3.4 3.62 3.78 3.94 4.1
ISA 75508 1.4 3.45 3.67 3.83 3.99 4.15
ISA 75501 1.38 3.49 3.72 3.88 4.04 4.2
ISA 80505 1.4 3.64 3.86 4.01 4.17 4.33
ISA 80506 1.39 3.66 3.88 4.04 4.19 4.36
ISA 80508 1.37 3.71 3.94 4.09 4.25 4.42
ISA 80501 1.36 3.76 3.99 4.14 4.31 4.47
ISA 90606 1.71 4.05 4.27 4.42 4.52 4.73
ISA 90608 1.69 4.1 4.32 4.47 4.63 4.79
ISA 90601 1.67 4.15 4.37 4.52 4.68 4.84
ISA 90601 1.65 4.19 4.41 4.57 4.73 4.89
ISA 10065 1.84 4.51 4.72 4.87 5.03 5.18
ISA 10065 1.83 4.56 4.78 4.93 5.08 5.24
ISA 10065 1.81 4.61 4.83 4.99 5.14 5.3
ISA 10075 2.19 4.36 4.57 4.72 4.87 5.02
ISA 10075 2.18 4.41 4.63 4.78 4.93 5.08
ISA 10075 2.16 4.44 4.68 4.83 4.99 5.14
ISA 10075 2.14 4.5 4.73 4.88 5.03 5.19
ISA 12575 2.1 5.71 5.92 6.07 6.22 6.37
ISA 12575 2.09 5.76 5.98 6.13 6.28 6.44
ISA 12575 2.07 5.81 6.03 6.18 6.34 6.5
ISA 12595 2.82 5.43 5.64 5.78 5.93 6.08
ISA 12595 2.8 5.49 5.7 5.84 5.99 6.14
ISA 12595 2.78 5.53 5.74 5.09 6.04 6.19
ISA 12595 2.76 5.57 5.78 5.93 6.09 6.24
ISA 15075 2.01 7.12 7.15 7.5 7.65 7.81
ISA 15075 1.99 7.17 7.4 7.55 7.71 7.86
ISA 15075 1.97 7.22 7.45 7.61 7.76 7.92
ISA 15011 3.41 6.52 6.73 6.87 7.02 7.17
ISA 15011 3.39 6.57 6.78 6.93 7.07 7.22
ISA 15011 3.37 6.62 6.83 6.98 7.13 7.28
ISA 15011 3.34 6.68 6.9 7.04 7.19 7.35
ISA 20010 2.68 9.49 9.72 9.87 10.02 10.17
ISA 20010 2.67 9.54 9.77 9.92 10.07 10.23
ISA 20010 2.64 9.62 9.84 9.99 10.15 10.31
ISA 20015 4.44 8.74 8.95 9.09 9.23 9.38
ISA 20015 4.42 8.79 9 9.14 9.29 9.44
ISA 20015 4.39 8.85 9.06 9.21 9.36 9.5
ISA 20015 4.36 8.92 9.13 9.28 9.43 9.58
0.59 4 2.5 ISA 20203
0.63 4 2.5 ISA 20204
0.71 4.5 3 ISA 25253
0.75 4.5 3 ISA 25254
0.79 4.5 3 ISA 25255
0.83 5 3 ISA 30303
0.87 5 3 ISA 30304
0.92 5 3 ISA 30305
0.95 5 3 ISA 35353
1.00 5 3 ISA 35354
1.04 5 3 ISA 35355
1.08 5 3 ISA 35356
1.08 5.5 3 ISA 40403
1.12 5.5 3 ISA 40404
1.16 5.5 3 ISA 40405
1.20 5.5 3 ISA 40406
1.20 5.5 3 ISA 45453
1.25 5.5 3 ISA 45454
1.29 5.5 3 ISA 45455
1.33 5.5 3 ISA 45456
1.32 6 3 ISA 50503
1.37 6 3 ISA 50504
1.41 6 3 ISA 50505
1.45 6 3 ISA 50506
1.53 6.5 4 ISA 55555
1.57 6.5 4 ISA 55556
1.65 6.5 4 ISA 55558
1.72 6.5 4 ISA 55551
1.65 6.5 4.5 ISA 60605
1.69 6.5 4.5 ISA 60606
1.77 6.5 4.5 ISA 60608
1.85 6.5 4.5 ISA 60601
1.77 6.5 4.5 ISA 65655
1.81 6.5 4.5 ISA 65656
1.89 6.5 4.5 ISA 65658
1.97 6.5 4.5 ISA 65651
1.89 7 4.5 ISA 70705
1.94 7 4.5 ISA 70706
2.02 7 4.5 ISA 70708
2.10 7 4.5 ISA 70701
2.02 7 4.5 ISA 75755
2.06 7 4.5 ISA 75756
2.14 7 4.5 ISA 75758
2.22 7 4.5 ISA 75751
2.18 8 4.5 ISA 80806
2.27 8 4.5 ISA 80808
2.34 8 4.5 ISA 80801
2.42 8 4.5 ISA 80801
2.42 8.5 5.5 ISA 90906
2.51 8.5 5.5 ISA 90908
2.59 8.5 5.5 ISA 90901
2.66 8.5 5.5 ISA 90901
2.67 8.5 5.5 ISA 10010
2.76 8.5 5.5 ISA 10010
2.84 8.5 5.5 ISA 10010
2.92 8.5 5.5 ISA 10010
3.00 10 6 ISA 11011
3.08 10 6 ISA 11011
3.16 10 6 ISA 11011
3.27 10 6 ISA 11011
3.50 10 6 ISA 13013
3.58 10 6 ISA 13013
3.66 10 6 ISA 13013
3.78 10 6 ISA 13013
4.06 12 8 ISA 15015
4.14 12 8 ISA 15015
4.26 12 8 ISA 15015
4.38 12 8 ISA 15015
5.36 15 10 ISA 20020
5.49 15 10 ISA 20020
5.61 15 10 ISA 20020
5.88 15 10 ISA 20020
0.98 0.49 4.5 3 ISA 30203
1.02 0.53 4.5 3 ISA 30204
1.06 0.57 4.5 3 ISA 30205
1.30 0.57 5 3 ISA 40253
1.35 0.62 5 3 ISA 40254
1.39 0.66 5 3 ISA 40255
1.43 0.69 5 3 ISA 40256
1.42 0.69 5 3 ISA 45303
1.47 0.73 5 3 ISA 45304
1.51 0.77 5 3 ISA 45305
1.55 0.81 5 3 ISA 45306
1.63 0.65 5.5 3 ISA 50303
1.68 0.70 5.5 3 ISA 50304
1.72 0.74 5.5 3 ISA 50305
1.76 0.78 5.5 3 ISA 50306
1.95 0.96 6 4 ISA 60405
1.99 1.00 6 4 ISA 60406
2.07 1.08 6 4 ISA 60408
2.07 1.08 6 4 ISA 65455
2.11 1.12 6 4 ISA 65456
2.19 1.20 6 4 ISA 65458
2.27 1.04 6.5 4 ISA 70455
2.32 1.09 6.5 4 ISA 70456
2.40 1.16 6.5 4 ISA 70458
2.48 1.24 6.5 4 ISA 70451
2.39 1.16 6.5 4 ISA 75505
2.44 1.20 6.5 4 ISA 75506
2.52 1.28 6.5 4 ISA 75508
2.60 1.36 6.5 4 ISA 75501
2.60 1.12 7 4.5 ISA 80505
2.64 1.16 7 4.5 ISA 80506
2.72 1.24 7 4.5 ISA 80508
2.81 1.32 7 4.5 ISA 80501
2.87 1.39 7.5 5 ISA 90606
2.96 1.48 7.5 5 ISA 90608
3.04 1.55 7.5 5 ISA 90601
3.12 1.63 7.5 5 ISA 90601
3.19 1.47 8 5.5 ISA 10065
3.28 1.55 8 5.5 ISA 10065
3.37 1.63 8 5.5 ISA 10065
3.01 1.78 8.5 6 ISA 10075
3.10 1.87 8.5 6 ISA 10075
3.19 1.95 8.5 6 ISA 10075
3.27 2.03 8.5 6 ISA 10075

4.05 1.59 9 6 ISA 12575
4.15 1.68 9 6 ISA 12575
4.24 1.76 9 6 ISA 12575
3.70 2.22 9 6 ISA 12595

3.80 2.31 9 6 ISA 12595
3.88 2.39 9 6 ISA 12595
3.96 2.47 9 6 ISA 12595
5.23 1.53 10 6 ISA 15075

5.23 1.61 10 6 ISA 15075
5.41 1.69 10 6 ISA 15075
4.46 2.73 11 7.5 ISA 15011
4.55 2.82 11 7.5 ISA 15011
4.64 2.90 11 7.5 ISA 15011
4.76 3.02 11 7.5 ISA 15011
6.96 2.01 12 8 ISA 20010
7.05 2.10 12 8 ISA 20010
7.18 2.22 12 8 ISA 20010
5.99 3.51 13.5 9.5 ISA 20015
6.08 3.60 13.5 9.5 ISA 20015
6.20 3.72 13.5 9.5 ISA 20015
6.33 3.84 13.5 9.5 ISA 20015

150 50 4.6 3 5 1.5 ISJB 150
175 50 4.8 3.2 5 1.5 ISJB 175

200 60 5 3.4 5 1.5 ISJB 200
225 80 5 3.7 6.5 1.5 ISJB 225
75 50 5 3.7 6.5 2 ISLB 75
100 50 6.4 4 7 3 ISLB 100
125 75 6.5 4.4 8 3 ISLB 125
150 80 6.8 4.8 9.5 3 ISLB 150
175 90 6.9 5.1 9.5 3 ISLB 175
200 100 7.3 5.4 9.5 3 ISLB 200
225 100 8.6 5.8 12 6 ISLB 225
250 125 8.2 6.1 13 6.5 ISLB 250
275 140 8.8 6.4 14 7 ISLB 275
300 150 9.4 6.7 15 7.5 ISLB 300
325 165 9.8 7 16 8 ISLB 325
350 165 11.4 7.4 16 8 ISLB 350
400 165 12.5 8 16 8 ISLB 400
450 170 13.4 8.6 16 8 ISLB 450
500 180 14.1 9.2 17 8.5 ISLB 500
550 190 15 9.9 18 9 ISLB 550
600 210 15.5 10.5 20 10 ISLB 600
100 75 7.2 4 9 4.5 ISMB 100
125 75 7.6 4.4 9 4.5 ISMB 125
150 80 7.6 4.8 9 4.5 ISMB 150
175 90 8.6 5.5 10 5 ISMB 175
200 100 10.8 5.7 11 5.5 ISMB 200
225 110 11.8 6.5 12 6 ISMB 225
250 125 12.5 6.9 13 6.5 ISMB 250
300 140 12.4 7.5 14 7 ISMB 300
350 140 14.2 8.1 14 7 ISMB 350
400 140 16 8.9 14 7 ISMB 400
450 150 17.4 9.4 15 7.5 ISMB 450
500 180 17.2 10.2 17 8.5 ISMB 500
550 190 19.3 11.2 18 9 ISMB 550
600 210 20.8 12 20 10 ISMB 600
150 100 7 5.4 8 4 ISWB 150
175 125 7.4 5.8 8 4 ISWB 175
200 140 9 6.1 9 4.5 ISWB 200
225 150 9.9 6.4 9 4.5 ISWB 225
250 200 9 6.7 10 5 ISWB 250
300 200 10 7.4 11 5.5 ISWB 300
350 200 11.4 8 12 6 ISWB 350
400 200 13 8.6 13 6.5 ISWB 400
450 200 15.4 9.2 14 7 ISWB 450
500 250 14.7 9.9 15 7.5 ISWB 500
550 250 17.6 10.5 16 8 ISWB 550
600 250 21.3 11.2 17 8.5 ISWB 600(
600 250 23.6 11.8 18 9 ISWB 600(
150 150 9 5.4 8 4 ISHB 150(1
150 150 9 8.4 8 4 ISHB 150(2
150 150 9 11.8 8 4 ISHB 150(3
200 200 9 6.1 9 4.5 ISHB 200(1
200 200 9 7.8 9 4.5 ISHB 200(2
225 225 9.1 6.5 10 5 ISHB 225(1
225 225 9.1 8.6 10 5 ISHB 225(2
250 250 9.7 6.9 10 5 ISHB 250(1
250 250 9.7 8.8 10 5 ISHB 250(2
300 250 10.6 7.6 11 5.5 ISHB 300(1
300 250 10.6 9.4 11 5.5 ISHB 300(2
350 250 11.6 8.3 12 6 ISHB 350(1
350 250 11.6 10.1 12 6 ISHB 350(2
400 250 12.7 9.1 14 7 ISHB 400(1
400 250 12.7 10.6 14 7 ISHB 400(2
450 250 13.7 9.8 15 7.5 ISHB 450(1
450 250 13.7 11.3 15 7.5 ISHB 450(2
100 45 5.1 3 6 2 ISJC 100
125 50 6.6 3 6 2.5 ISJC 125
150 55 6.9 3.6 7 3 ISJC 150
175 60 6.9 3.6 7 3 ISJC 175
200 70 7.1 4.1 8 3.5 ISJC 200
75 40 6 3.7 6 2 ISLC 75
100 50 6.4 4 6 2 ISLC 100
125 65 6.6 4.4 7 2.5 ISLC 125
150 75 7.8 4.8 8 3.5 ISLC 150
175 75 9.5 5.1 8 4 ISLC 175
200 75 10.8 5.5 8.5 4.5 ISLC 200
225 90 10.2 5.8 11 5.5 ISLC 225
250 100 10.7 6.1 11 5.5 ISLC 250
300 100 11.6 6.7 12 6 ISLC 300
350 100 12.5 7.4 13 6 ISLC 350
400 100 14 8 14 7 ISLC 400
75 40 7.3 4.4 8.5 4.5 ISMC 75
100 50 7.5 4.7 9 4.5 ISMC 100
125 65 8.1 5 9.5 5 ISMC 125
150 75 9 5.4 10 5 ISMC 150
175 75 10.2 5.7 10.5 5.5 ISMC 175
200 75 11.4 6.1 11 5.5 ISMC 200
225 80 12.4 6.4 12 6 ISMC 225
250 80 14.1 7.1 12 6 ISMC 250
300 90 13.6 7.6 13 6.5 ISMC 300
350 100 13.5 8.1 14 7 ISMC 350
400 100 15.3 8.6 15 7.5 ISMC 400
20 20 3 3 4 3 ISNT 20
30 30 3 3 5 3.5 ISNT 30
40 40 6 6 5.5 4 ISNT 40
50 50 6 6 6 4 ISNT 50
60 60 6 6 6.5 4.5 ISNT 60
80 80 8 8 8 5.5 ISNT 80
100 100 10 10 9 6 ISNT 100
150 150 10 10 10 7 ISNT 150
75 150 9 8.4 8 4 ISHT 75
100 200 9 7.8 9 4.5 ISHT 100
125 250 9.7 8.8 10 5 ISHT 125
150 250 10.6 7.6 11 5.5 ISHT 150
100 50 10 5.8 8 4 ISST 100
150 75 11.6 8 9 4.5 ISST 150
200 165 12.5 8 16 8 ISST 200
250 180 14.1 9.2 17 8.5 ISST 250
50 50 6.4 4 7 3 ISLT 50
75 80 6.8 4.8 9.5 3 ISLT 75
100 100 10.8 5.7 11 5.5 ISLT 100
75 50 4.6 3 5 1.5 ISJT 75
87.5 50 4.8 3.2 5 1.5 ISJT 87.5
100 60 5 3.4 5 1.5 ISJT 100
112.5 80 5 3.7 6.5 1.5 ISJT 112.5
2.2
2.86 2.30
2.91 2.34
2.93 2.36
2.96 2.39
3.12 2.56
3.14 2.58
3.2 2.63
3.3 2.67
3.3 2.75
3.33 2.78
3.39 2.82
3.44 2.87
3.49 2.95
3.52 2.97
3.57 3.02
3.63 3.06
3.68 3.14
3.72 3.17
3.77 3.22
3.82 3.27
3.88 3.35
3.91 3.37
3.96 3.42
4.01 3.46
4.1 3.56
4.16 3.62
4.2 3.66
4.26 3.70
4.48 3.95
4.54 4.01
4.59 4.05
4.63 4.09
4.87 4.36
4.93 4.41
4.98 4.45
5.02 4.49
5.32 4.80
5.37 4.84
5.41 4.89
5.48 4.95
6.12 5.61
6.16 5.65
6.21 5.69
6.27 5.75
6.93 6.43
6.98 6.47
7.05 6.53
7.12 6.60
8.96 8.46
9.02 8.53
9.09 8.59
9.24 8.72
2.53 1.96
2.56 1.99
2.62 2.03
2.48 1.92
2.52 1.95
2.58 1.99
2.64 2.04
2.67 2.12
2.7 2.14
2.76 2.19
2.82 2.24
2.62 2.07
2.65 2.09
2.71 2.14
2.77 2.19
3.02 2.48
3.08 2.53
3.13 2.57
3.19 2.62
3.16 2.63
3.22 2.68
3.27 2.72
3.62 3.09
3.68 3.15
3.74 3.20
3.79 3.24
3.41 2.90
3.48 2.95
3.53 3.00
4.35 3.85
4.41 3.90
4.46 3.99
4.51 3.98
3.31 2.79
3.36 2.83
3.42 2.88
5.14 4.63
5.18 4.68
5.23 4.72
5.3 4.78
4.11 3.61
4.17 3.66
4.24 3.72
6.4 5.92
6.45 5.97
6.52 6.03
6.59 6.08
3.78
3.8
3.86
4.04
4.07
4.13
4.18
4.22
4.26
4.32
4.37
4.49
4.52
4.58
4.64
4.89
4.95
5.01
5.06
5.34
5.4
5.46
5.18
5.24
5.29
5.36
6.53
6.6
6.66
6.23
6.3
6.35
6.4
7.96
8.02
8.08
7.32
7.37
7.43
7.5
10.33
10.38
10.46
9.53
9.58
9.65
9.73
0.40 0.30
0.50 0.40
0.80 0.40
1.00 0.60
1.20 0.70
1.40 0.60
1.80 0.80
2.10 1.00
2.30 0.90
2.90 1.20
3.50 1.40
4.10 1.70
3.40 1.20
4.50 1.60
5.40 1.90
6.30 2.30
5.00 1.50
6.50 2.00
7.90 2.50
9.20 2.90
6.90 1.90
9.10 2.50
11.00 3.10
12.90 3.60
14.70 3.70
17.30 4.40
22.00 5.70
26.30 7.00
19.20 4.40
22.60 5.20
29.00 6.80
34.80 8.40
24.70 5.20
29.10 6.20
37.40 8.10
45.00 9.90
31.10 6.10
36.80 7.30
47.40 9.50
57.20 11.70
38.70 7.10
45.70 8.40
59.00 11.00
71.40 13.50
56.00 9.60
72.50 12.60
87.70 15.50
101.90 18.30
80.10 12.20
104.20 16.00
126.70 19.80
147.90 23.30
111.30 15.20
145.10 20.00
177.00 24.70
207.00 29.20
195.00 24.40
238.40 30.10
279.60 35.70
337.40 43.70
328.30 34.50
402.70 42.70
473.80 50.70
574.60 62.30
622.40 56.90
735.40 67.70
896.80 83.50
1048.00 98.70
1788.90 122.20
2197.70 151.40
2588.70 179.90
3436.00 243.30
1.20 0.60
1.50 0.80
1.90 1.00
3.00 1.10
3.80 1.40
4.60 1.80
5.40 2.10
4.40 1.40
5.70 1.90
6.90 2.30
8.00 2.70
5.90 1.70
7.70 2.30
9.30 2.80
10.90 3.40
16.90 4.20
19.90 5.00
25.40 6.50
22.10 5.00
26.00 5.90
33.20 7.70
27.20 5.70
32.00 6.80
41.00 8.90
49.30 10.90
34.10 6.70
40.30 8.00
51.80 10.40
62.30 12.70
40.60 7.50
48.00 9.00
61.90 11.70
74.70 14.40
70.60 11.50
91.50 15.10
110.90 18.60
129.10 22.00
96.70 14.20
125.90 18.70
153.20 23.10
100.90 14.40
131.60 19.10
160.40 23.60
187.50 27.90
187.80 22.20
245.50 29.40
300.30 36.30
203.20 23.10
266.00 30.60
325.80 37.80
382.60 44.80
407.20 41.70
499.10 51.60
587.00 61.20
465.70 44.20
573.30 54.90
676.50 65.30
823.50 80.40
1210.00 92.80
1431.70 110.60
1750.50 136.50
1377.90 98.30
1634.90 117.40
2005.60 145.40
2359.40 172.50
322.1 42.9
479.3 54.8
780.7 78.1
1308.5 116.3
72.7 19.4
168 33.6
406.8 65.1
688.2 91.8
1096.2 125.3
1696.6 169.7
2501.9 222.4
3717.8 297.4
5375.3 392.4
7332.9 488.9
9874.6 607.7
13158.3 751.9
19306.3 965.3
27536.1 1223.8
38579 1543.2
53161.6 1933.2
72867.6 2428.9
257.5 51.5
449 71.8
726.4 96.9
1272 145.4
2235.4 223.5
3441.8 305.9
5131.6 410.5
8603.6 573.6
13630.3 778.9
20458.4 1022.9
30390.8 1350.7
45218.3 1808.7
64893.6 2359.8
91813 3060.4
839.1 111.9
1509.4 172.5
2624.5 262.5
3920.5 348.5
5943.1 475.4
9821.6 654.8
15521.7 887
23426.7 1711.3
35057.6 1558.1
52290.9 2091.6
74906.1 2723.9
106198.5 3540
115626.6 3854.2
1455.6 194.1
1540 205.3
1635.6 218.1
3608.4 360.8
3721.8 372.2
5279.5 469.3
5478.8 487
7736.5 618.9
7983.9 638.7
12345.2 836.3
12950.2 863.3
19159.7 1094.8
19802.8 1131.6
28083.5 1404.2
28823.5 1444.2
39210.8 1742.7
40349.9 1793.3
123.8 24.8
270 43.2
471.1 62.8
719.9 82.3
1161.2 116.1
66.1 17.6
164.7 32.9
356.8 57.1
697.2 93
1148.4 131.3
1725.5 172.6
2547.9 226.5
3687.9 295
6047.9 403.2
9312.6 532.1
13989.5 699.5
76 20.3
186.7 37.3
416.4 66.6
779.4 103.9
1223.3 139.8
1819.3 181.9
2694.6 239.5
3816.8 305.3
6362.8 424.2
10008 571.9
15082.8 754.1
0.4 0.3
1.4 0.6
6.3 2.2
12.7 3.6
22.5 5.2
71.2 12.3
173.8 24.1
603.8 54.6
96.2 16.4
193.8 24
415.4 41
573.7 46.5
99 14.2
450.2 43.9
1267.8 83.3
2774.4 149.2
9.9 2.6
41.9 7.2
116.6 14.8
24.8 4.5
39 6.2
63.5 8.8
101.6 12.3
ROLLED STEEL EQUAL ANGLES
Sectional Weight
Thickness
Designation Area (a) per meter
t (mm)
cm2 (w) kg
ISA 20203 3 1.12 0.90
ISA 20204 4 1.45 1.10
ISA 25253 3 1.41 1.10
ISA 25254 4 1.84 1.40
ISA 25255 5 2.25 1.80
ISA 30303 3 1.73 1.40
ISA 30304 4 2.26 1.80
ISA 30305 5 2.77 2.20
ISA 35353 3 2.03 1.60
ISA 35354 4 2.66 2.10
ISA 35355 5 3.27 2.60
ISA 35356 6 3.86 3.00
ISA 40403 3 2.34 1.80
ISA 40404 4 3.07 2.40
ISA 40405 5 3.78 3.00
ISA 40406 6 4.47 3.50
ISA 45453 3 2.64 2.10
ISA 45454 4 3.47 2.70
ISA 45455 5 4.28 3.40
ISA 45456 6 5.07 4.00
ISA 50503 3 2.95 2.30
ISA 50504 4 3.88 3.00
ISA 50505 5 4.79 3.80
ISA 50506 6 5.68 4.50
ISA 55555 5 5.27 4.10
ISA 55556 6 6.26 4.90
ISA 55558 8 8.18 6.40
ISA 555510 10 10.02 7.90
ISA 60605 5 5.75 4.50
ISA 60606 6 6.84 5.40
ISA 60608 8 8.96 7.00
ISA 606010 10 11.00 8.60
ISA 65655 5 6.25 4.90
ISA 65656 6 7.44 5.80
ISA 65658 8 9.76 7.70
ISA 656510 10 12.00 9.40
ISA 70705 5 6.77 5.30
ISA 70706 6 8.06 6.30
ISA 70708 8 10.58 8.30
ISA 707010 10 13.02 10.20
ISA 75755 5 7.27 5.70
ISA 75756 6 8.66 6.80
ISA 75758 8 11.38 8.90
ISA 757510 10 14.02 11.00
ISA 80806 6 9.29 7.30
ISA 80808 8 12.21 9.60
ISA 808010 10 15.05 11.80
ISA 808012 12 17.81 14.00
ISA 90906 6 10.47 8.20
ISA 90908 8 13.79 10.80
ISA 909010 10 17.03 13.40
ISA 909012 12 20.19 15.80
ISA 1001006 6 11.67 9.20
ISA 1001008 8 15.39 12.10
ISA 10010010 10 19.03 14.90
ISA 10010012 12 22.59 17.70
ISA 1101108 8 17.02 13.40
ISA 11011010 10 21.06 16.50
ISA 11011012 12 25.02 19.60
ISA 11011015 15 30.81 24.20
ISA 1301308 8 20.22 15.90
ISA 13013010 10 25.06 19.70
ISA 13013012 12 29.82 23.40
ISA 13013015 15 36.81 28.90
ISA 15015010 10 29.03 22.80
ISA 15015012 12 34.59 27.20
ISA 15015015 15 42.78 33.60
ISA 15015018 18 50.79 39.90
ISA 20020012 12 46.61 36.60
ISA 20020015 15 57.80 45.40
ISA 20020018 18 68.81 54.00
ISA 20020025 25 93.80 73.60
Sectional Weight
Thickness
Designation Area (a) per meter
t (mm)
cm2 (w) kg
ISA 30203 3 1.41 1.10
ISA 30204 4 1.84 1.40
ISA 30205 5 2.25 1.80
ISA 40253 3 1.88 1.50
ISA 40254 4 2.46 1.90
ISA 40255 5 3.02 2.40
ISA 40256 6 3.56 2.80
ISA 45303 3 2.18 1.70
ISA 45304 4 2.86 2.20
ISA 45305 5 3.52 2.80
ISA 45306 6 4.16 3.30
ISA 50303 3 2.34 1.80
ISA 50304 4 3.07 2.40
ISA 50305 5 3.78 3.00
ISA 50306 6 4.47 3.50
ISA 60405 5 4.76 3.70
ISA 60406 6 5.65 4.40
ISA 60408 8 7.37 5.80
ISA 65455 5 5.26 4.10
ISA 65456 6 6.25 4.90
ISA 65458 8 8.17 6.40
ISA 70455 5 5.52 4.30
ISA 70456 6 6.56 5.20
ISA 70458 8 8.58 6.70
ISA 704510 10 10.52 8.30
ISA 75505 5 6.02 4.70
ISA 75506 6 7.16 5.60
ISA 75508 8 9.38 7.40
ISA 755010 10 11.52 9.00
ISA 80505 5 6.27 4.90
ISA 80506 6 7.46 5.90
ISA 80508 8 9.78 7.70
ISA 805010 10 12.02 9.40
ISA 90606 6 8.65 6.80
ISA 90608 8 11.37 8.90
ISA 906010 10 14.01 11.00
ISA 906012 12 16.57 13.00
ISA 100656 6 9.55 7.50
ISA 100658 8 12.57 9.90
ISA 1006510 10 15.51 12.20
ISA 100756 6 10.14 8.00
ISA 100758 8 13.36 10.50
ISA 1007510 10 16.50 13.00
ISA 1007512 12 19.56 15.40
ISA 125756 6 11.66 9.20
ISA 125758 8 15.38 12.10
ISA 1257510 10 19.02 14.90
ISA 125956 6 12.86 10.10
ISA 125958 8 16.98 13.30
ISA 1259510 10 21.02 16.50
ISA 1259512 12 24.98 19.60
ISA 150758 8 17.42 13.70
ISA 1507510 10 21.56 16.90
ISA 1507512 12 25.62 20.10
ISA 1501158 8 20.58 16.20
ISA 15011510 10 25.52 20.00
ISA 15011512 12 30.38 23.80
ISA 15011515 15 37.52 29.50
ISA 20010010 10 29.03 22.80
ISA 20010012 12 34.59 27.20
ISA 20010015 15 42.78 33.60
ISA 20015010 10 34.00 26.70
ISA 20015012 12 40.56 31.80
ISA 20015015 15 50.25 39.40
ISA 20015018 18 59.76 46.90
ROLLED STEEL BEAMS
per Meter Area (a)
(w)
kg cm2
ISJB 150 7.1 9.01

ISJB 175 8.1 10.28
ISJB 200 9.9 12.64
ISJB 225 12.8 16.28
ISLB 75 6.1 7.71
ISLB 100 8 10.21
ISLB 125 11.9 15.12
ISLB 150 14.2 18.08
ISLB 175 16.7 21.3
ISLB 200 19.8 25.27
ISLB 225 23.5 29.92
ISLB 250 27.9 35.53
ISLB 275 33 42.02
ISLB 300 37.7 48.08
ISLB 325 43.1 54.9
ISLB 350 49.5 63.01
ISLB 400 56.9 72.43
ISLB 450 65.3 83.14
ISLB 500 75 95.5
ISLB 550 86.3 109.97
ISLB 600 99.5 126.69
ISMB 100 11.5 14.6
ISMB 125 13 16.6
ISMB 150 14.9 19
ISMB 175 19.3 24.62
ISMB 200 25.4 32.33
ISMB 225 31.2 39.72
ISMB 250 37.3 47.55
ISMB 300 44.2 56.26
ISMB 350 52.4 66.71
ISMB 400 61.6 78.46
ISMB 450 72.4 92.27
ISMB 500 86.9 110.74
ISMB 550 103.7 132.11
ISMB 600 122.6 156.21
ISWB 150 17 21.67
ISWB 175 22.1 28.11
ISWB 200 28.8 36.71
ISWB 225 33.9 43.24
ISWB 250 40.9 52.05
ISWB 300 48.1 61.33
ISWB 350 56.9 72.5
ISWB 400 66.7 85.01
ISWB 450 79.4 101.15
ISWB 500 95.2 121.22
ISWB 550 112.5 143.34
ISWB 600(1) 133.7 170.38
ISWB 600(2) 145.1 184.86
ISHB 150(1) 27.1 34.48
ISHB 150(2) 30.6 38.98
ISHB 150(3) 34.6 44.08
ISHB 200(1) 37.3 47.54
ISHB 200(2) 40 50.94
ISHB 225(1) 43.1 54.94
ISHB 225(2) 46.8 59.66
ISHB 250(1) 51 64.96
ISHB 250(2) 54.7 69.71
ISHB 300(1) 58.8 74.85
ISHB 300(2) 63 80.25
ISHB 350(1) 67.4 85.91
ISHB 350(2) 72.4 92.21
ISHB 400(1) 77.4 98.66
ISHB 400(2) 82.2 104.66
ISHB 450(1) 87.2 111.14
ISHB 450(2) 92.5 117.89
ISJC 100 5.8 7.41
ISJC 125 7.9 10.07
ISJC 150 9.9 12.65
ISJC 175 11.2 14.24
ISJC 200 13.9 17.77
ISLC 75 5.7 7.26
ISLC 100 7.9 10.02
ISLC 125 10.7 13.67
ISLC 150 14.4 18.36
ISLC 175 17.6 22.4
ISLC 200 20.6 26.22
ISLC 225 24 30.53
ISLC 250 28 35.65
ISLC 300 33.1 42.11
ISLC 350 38.8 49.47
ISLC 400 45.7 58.25
ISMC 75 6.8 8.67
ISMC 100 9.2 11.7
ISMC 125 12.7 16.19
ISMC 150 16.4 20.88
ISMC 175 19.1 24.38
ISMC 200 22.1 28.21
ISMC 225 25.9 33.01
ISMC 250 30.4 38.67
ISMC 300 35.8 45.64
ISMC 350 42.1 53.66
ISMC 400 49.4 62.93
per Meter Area (a)
(w)
kg cm2
ISNT 20 0.9 1.13

ISNT 30 1.4 1.75
ISNT 40 3.5 4.48
ISNT 50 4.5 5.7
ISNT 60 5.4 6.9
ISNT 80 9.6 12.25
ISNT 100 15 19.1
ISNT 150 22.8 29.08
ISHT 75 15.3 19.49
ISHT 100 20 25.47
ISHT 125 27.4 34.85
ISHT 150 29.4 37.42
ISST 100 8.1 10.37
ISST 150 15.7 19.96
ISST 200 28.4 36.22
ISST 250 37.5 47.75
ISLT 50 4 5.11
ISLT 75 7.1 9.04
ISLT 100 12.7 16.16
ISJT 75 3.5 4.5
ISJT 87.5 4 5.14
ISJT 100 5 6.32
ISJT 112.5 6.4 8.14

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Steel Roof Truss1

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STEEL ROOF TRUSS

Spacing of Truss 4.0 m

Dead Load ( IS 875:1987 Part-1 )

on each side of truss there are 4 panel point

Live load ( IS 875 : 1987 Part -2 )

Wind Load ( IS 875 : 1987 Part-3 )

Cpe = -0.8 -0.636

Main Tie Tie Eaves

( Appendix -C page 55,56 )

All general buildings and structures

So is a factor derived appropr

actual length of the upwind slope in the wind direction,

Terrain and Height Multiplier ( K2 ) Class A :

Plane with upwind slope < 3 degree

DESIGN OF TENSION MEMBERS

( ii ) Design Strength Due to Rupture of Critical Section

( iii ) Design Strength Due to Block Shear

to root diameter at the thread.

ISJB 150 7.1 9.01

ISNT 20 0.9 1.13

ISLB 150 18.08

ISST 150 19.96

DESIGN OF TENSION MEMBERS

EXAMPLE TENSION MEMBER

( ii ) Design Strength Due to Rupture of Critical Section

( iii ) Design Strength Due to Block Shear

EXAMPLE COMPRESSION MEMBER

web of an I , H, or box section

d/t 9.4 10.5

Stem of a T-section ( rolled or -

Table : - Slenderness ratios to be assumed while selecting the trial sections.

Table : - Design compressive stress fcd (MPa ) for fy = 250 MPa

Table Imperfection Factor , α

Table : - Buckling Class of Cross-Sections

Welded Box Section Generally ( except below ) Any b

Table : - Effective Length of Prismatic Compression Members

Example : - COMPRESSION MEMBER

Design of welded connection

Example :- DESIGN OF PURLIN

Purlin having span = 3.00 m

Channel section Purlin Design

Connection - Beam to Beam Connection

Connection - Beam to column Connection

clearance between connection is 5 mm.

Connection - Beam to column Connection seat angle unstiffened connection.

Connection - Beam to column Connection seat angle stiffened connection.

Connection - Beam to column Connection seat angle unstiffened welded connection.

o root diameter at the thread.

ting proportions for sections

using the following equation :

rvv = radius of gyration about the minor axis,

Table : - Constants k1,k2,k3

ISA 70706 AREA = 8.06 cm2

ISA 100656 AREA = 9.55 cm2

connected by web cleat angle connected on one side of main beam.

meter at the thread.

side of secondary beam.

ISMB-300 and Column ISHB-300 connected by flange

meter at the thread.

side of Main beam.

spanning 5.00 m carrying a total factored u.d.l. = 200 KN .

side of Main beam.

mm as a seat angle with 150 mm leg vertical.

ISA 80808 AREA = 12.21 cm2