(GB 8408-2008) - Amusement Devices Safety Code

GB 8408-2008
Translated English of Chinese Standard: GB4287-2012

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GB
NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
ICS 97.200.40
Y 57
GB 8408-2008
Replacing GB 8408-2000
Amusement Device Safety Code

游乐设施安全规范
Issued on: February 14, 2008 Implemented on: August 1, 2008

Issued by: General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection
and Quarantine (GAQSIQ);
Standardization Administration (SAC) of the People's
Republic of China.
www.ChineseStandard.net Page 1 of 49
GB 8408-2008
Table of Contents
1 Scope ........................................................................................................ 7
2 Normative References ............................................................................. 7
3 General ...................................................................................................... 8
4 Basic Design Specification...................................................................... 9
5 Driving System ....................................................................................... 20
6 Electricity ................................................................................................ 23
7 Safety Requirements and Safety Devices ............................................ 25
8 Manufacturing and Installation ............................................................. 31
9 Application and Management................................................................ 40
Appendix A (Informative) Examples for Load Calculation of the Hanging
Shaft of Brave Turntable.............................................................................. 44
Appendix B (Normative) Description to the "Name" Column in Table 2
....................................................................................................................... 46
Appendix C (Informative) Examples for Calculation of Speed and
Acceleration of Coaster ............................................................................... 47
Appendix D (Informative) Calculation of the Cross Dip of Rail ............. 49
GB 8408-2008
Foreword
In this Standard, 4.2.2.1, 4.2.3.2, 4.5.2, 4.6, 4.7, 5.3.8, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4.1, 6.4.4, 6.4.6,
6.6(excluding 6.6.5), 7.1.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.6.1, 7.9.3, 7.10.6, 7.10.9, 8.13.5 and 9.2
are compulsory, and the rest are voluntary.
This Standard is the revision of GB 8408-2000. The main changes of this revision
include:
a) The name of the former standard "Safety of Amusement Machines and

Amusement Park Equipment" was changed into "Amusement Device Safety
Code".
b) Chapter 3 "General":
— Definition of "amusement device" was added;
— Article 3.3 of the former standard was deleted.
c) Chapter 4 "Basic Requirements" of the former standard was deleted; this

chapter, together with the relevant clauses in Chapter 5 of the former standard,
was included in the relevant chapters of the revised standard.
d) Three chapters was added in the revised standard:
— Chapter 5 “Driving System”;
— Chapter 6 “Electricity”;
— Chapter 7 “Safety Requirements and Safety Devices”.
e) The provisions on the speed and inclination angle of rotating amusement

devices in Table 1 and Table 2 were deleted in the former standard; in which,
significant modifications were made to the dynamic load factor (revised to
"impact factor").
f) Chapter 5 "Design" in the former standard was revised into Chapter 4 "Basic
Design Specifications".
The following contents were added in this chapter:
— Loads of amusement devices: including various loads and the

combinations to be considered in the design;
— Design calculation: including stress, fatigue strength, rigidity, stability,

overturning and sideslip calculation, etc.;
— Various factors: including impact factor, stress and fatigue strength safety
factor, safety factor against overturning and sideslip, and friction factor of
parts of the materials;
— Allowable acceleration value: the allowable values of the vertical, lateral

and synthetic acceleration within different duration times were specified.
GB 8408-2008
g) Chapter 5 "Driving System": this part includes the mechanical driving system
and the hydraulic (pneumatic) driving system.
1) Mainly the following contents of the mechanical driving system are

modified or supplemented:
— Requirements on the gear drive were added;
— The proportion in diameter of winding drum and pulley with steel wire
rope was modified.
2) Mainly the following contents of the hydraulic (pneumatic) driving system

are modified or supplemented:
— Some provisions on guaranteeing safety of design and component

selection were added;
— Provisions on the maximum descent speed of running gear when the

system is in fault were provided;
— Provisions on hoses and their assembly were provided;
— Requirements on the installation of hydraulic cylinder and the debugging

of air charged accumulator and system were added.
h) Chapter 6 “Electricity": mainly the following contents were added or modified:
— The design of electrical system shall be correct and reasonable, and shall
also meet the requirements of the corresponding national standards and
technical specifications related to electricity;
— The design and selection of the electrical and electronic parts and
components and the conductors shall meet the requirements of
corresponding national standards and technical specifications on electricity;
— Requirements on adoption of wireless remote control and proximity switch;
— Requirements of the selection of residual current protective device;
— Requirements on multiple steel wire rope driving;
— Modifications in the requirements on lightning grounding;
— Grounding type of low-voltage distribution system was modified.
I) Chapter 7 “Safety Requirements and Safety Devices": mainly the following

contents were modified or supplemented:
— Contents on safety analysis, safety assessment and safety control were

added;
— The requirements on anti-collision and buffer devices, speed-limiting and

stop devices, non-return device, braking device, safety belt and safety
lever stated in the former standard were modified, perfected and
supplemented to make them to be more specific;
GB 8408-2008
— Safety distance above the people carrying part was specified;
— The gap in the vertical direction between the rotating platform and the fixed
part were specified;
— Requirements on the safety aspect of water amusement device were

added.
j) Chapter 10 “Manufacturing and Installation":
The relevant clauses in the chapter of "Manufacturing and Installation" in the

former standard were revised, and this chapter wad brought in and was
supplemented with many contents, and the main supplemented content are
as follows:
— Metallic materials and standard parts: including the requirements on the

bearing structures and the requirements on forgings and castings;
— Nonmetal materials: including the requirements on the mechanical

properties of fiberglass reinforced plastic parts, rubber materials, nylon
materials and polyurethane materials;
— Processing of important parts;
— Structural parts: contents on the division, installation and connection of

structural parts were supplemented;
— Welding: contents on that the welding shall be adopted with proper

technique and that the fillet welds with variable loads shall adopt the full
penetration structure and others were supplemented;
— Connection by bolts and axis pins: the values of the allowable pre-
tightening force and tightening torque of high strength bolts were added;
— Requirements on the equipment foundation were supplemented;
— Requirements on the assembling and installation accuracy were added.
k) Chapter 9 “Application and Management":
— Requirements on the periodic inspection and reporting of amusement

devices were added;
— Requirements on the emergency accident rescue prediction scheme,

rescue facilities and rescue exercise were added;
— Requirements on the retirement of steel wire ropes were added;
— Table 7 (allowable values of elongation and abrasion of hoisting chain) and

Table 8 (abrasion condition of driving belt) of the former standard were
deleted.
l) Appendixes:
— Appendix A (Descriptions to Different Parts of Amusement Rides) of the

former standard was modified;
GB 8408-2008
— Appendix B (Selection and Description of Dynamic Load Factor ) of the

former standard was deleted;
— Appendix C (Description to the Abrasion Conditions of Steel Wire Ropes)

in the former standard was deleted.
The following 4 appendixes were added:
— Appendix A (Informative) Load Calculation of the Hanging Shaft of Brave

Turntable;
— Appendix B (Normative) Description to the "Name" Column in Table 2;
— Appendix C (Informative) Examples for Calculation of Speed and

Acceleration of Roller Coaster;
— Appendix D (Informative) Calculation of the Cross Dip of Rail.
This Standard was proposed and shall be under the jurisdiction of National Technical
Committee on Cableway, Entertainment Machine and Play Facilities of Standardization
Administration of China.
Drafting Organizations of this Standard: National Technical Committee on Cableway,

Entertainment Machine and Play Facilities of Standardization Administration of China,
China Special Equipment Inspection and Research Center, Wenzhou South
Amusement Device General Factory, Zhongshan Golden Horse Amusement
Equipment Co., Ltd., Tianjin Amusement Park, Shanghai Amusement Machine
Engineering Co., ltd., Beijing Shibaolai Play Equipment Co., Ltd. AND Zhuji Juma
Amusement Equipment Manufacturing Factory.
Chief Drafting Staffs of this Standard: Liu Zhixue, Xing Youxin, Zhang Hongwei, Shen
Yong, Mi Xuejin, Deng Jinyong, Wang Youfei, Wang Zhou, Zhang Xiaoyu, Lin Zezhao,
Yang HanXiang and Wang Wenqi.
This Standard shall replace GB 8408-2000 from the implementation date.
The previous editions replaced by this Standard are as follows:
— GB 8408-1987;
— GB 8408-2000.
GB 8408-2008
Amusement Device Safety Code
1 Scope
This Standard specifies the technical requirements and safety requirements of
amusement devices.
This Standard is applicable to the design, manufacturing, installation, reconstruction,

maintenance, inspection, application, management and supervisory management of
amusement devices.
This Standard is not applicable to competitive sports facilities and fitness facilities.
2 Normative References
The following documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text,
constitute provisions of this Standard. For dated reference, the subsequent
modification sheets (excluding corrigendum) or revisions these publications do not
apply. However, all parties who reach an agreement according to this Standard are
encouraged to study whether the latest edition of these documents is applicable. For
undated references, the latest edition of the normative document is applicable to these
specifications.
GB/T 699 “Quality Carbon Structural Steels"
GB/T 983 “Stainless Steel Covered Electrodes"
GB /T 985 “Basic Forms and Sizes of Weld Grooves for Gas Welding Manual Arc
Welding and Gas-shielded Arc Welding"
GB/T 1243 “Short Pitch Transmission Precision Roller Chains and Chain Wheels"
(GB/T 1243-1997 eqv ISO 606:1994)
GB 2894 “Safety Signs" (GB 2894-1996: neq ISO 3864-1984)
GB/T 3077 “Alloy Structure Steels"
GB/T 3096 “Standard of Environmental Noise of Urban Area"
GB/T 3766-2001 “Hydraulic Fluid Power - General Rules Relating to Systems" (eqv
ISO 4413:1998)
GB/T 4162-1991 “Forged and Rolled Steel Bars - Method for Ultrasonic Inspection"
GB 4706.1-1998 “Household and Similar Electrical Appliances - Safety - Part 1:

General Requirements" (eqv IEC 60335:2001 IDT)
GB/T 5117 “Carbon Steel Covered Electrodes"
GB/T 5118 “Low Alloy Steel Covered Electrodes"
GB 5226.1 “Safety of Machinery - Electrical Equipment of Machines - Part 1:

General Requirements" (GB 5226.1-2002 IEC 60204-1:2000, IDT)
GB 8408-2008
GB/T 6402 “Steel Forgings - Method for Ultrasonic Examination"
GB/Z 6829 “General Requirements for Residual Current Operated Protective

Devices" (GB 6829-1995, eqv IEC 755)
GB/T 8918 “Quality Steel Wire Ropes" (GB/T 8918-1996, eqv ISO 2408-1985)
GB 9667 “Hygienic Standard for Swimming Place"
GB/T 12467.4 “Quality Requirements for Welding - Fusion Welding of Metallic

Materials - Part 4: Elementary Quality Requirements" (GB/T 12467.4-1998 idt ISO
3834.4:1994)
GB 13495 “Fire Safety Signs" (GB 13495-1992, neq ISO 6309:1987)
GB 13955 “Installation and Operation of Residual Current Operated Protective

Devices"
GB/T 16767 “Safety and Service Quality in the Amusement Park"
GB 50005 “Code for Design of Timber Structures"
GB 50007-2002 “Code for Design of Building Foundation"
GB 50009-2001 “Load Code for the Design of Building Structures"
GB 50010-2002 “Code for Design of Concrete Structures"
GB 50011-2001 “Code for Seismic Design of Buildings"
GB 50017-2003 “Code for Design of Steel Structures"
GB 50057-1994 “Design Code for Protection of Structures against Lightning"
GB 50169 “Code for Construction and Acceptance of Grounding Connection

Electric Equipment Installation Engineering"
GB 50202-2002 “Code for Acceptance of Construction Quality of Building

Foundation"
GB 50204-2002 “Code for Acceptance of Constructional Quality of Concrete

Structures"
GB 50206 “Code for Construction Quality Acceptance of Timber Structures"
GB 50231-1998 “General Code for Construction and Acceptance of Mechanical

Equipment Installation Engineering"
GBJ 65 “Specifications for the Design of Grounding (Earthing) of Industrial and Civil
Electric System(Trial)"
JB/T 4730 “Nondestructive Testing of Pressure Vessels"
JB/T 5000.12 “The Heavy Mechanical General Techniques and Standards Coating"
3 General
GB 8408-2008
3.1 Amusement devices are the carriers running in specific areas to carry tourists for
amusing. Amusement devices include the amusement apparatus with power, the
structures and other ancillary devices set for amusement as well as the amusement
carriers without power.
3.2 The design, manufacturing, installation, reconstruction, inspection, application

and management of the amusement devices shall implement this Standard.
3.3 Personnel safety must be guaranteed during the design, manufacturing,

installation and application of amusement devices. The amusement devices used in
China shall all meet this Standard.
3.4 All those requirements not mentioned in this Standard shall be implemented
according to relevant national standards, codes and specifications.
4 Basic Design Specification

4.1 Basic requirements
4.1.1 The design of the amusement device shall be provided with the design
instruction, calculation sheet, operation instruction and a complete set of construction
drawings that meet the relevant national standards.
4.1.2 In addition to the permanent loads and variable loads, the design of the large
amusement devices shall also take the influence of special loads, such as earthquake
and the temperature on the integral structure, into account.
4.1.3 The design of amusement devices shall have correct calculation and
reasonable structure and shall also be able to guarantee the safety of passengers.
Where accurate calculation can not be carried out, the experimental data may be used
for checking calculation. The design of amusement devices shall specify the design
service life of the complete machine and main components; the service life of the
complete machine shall not be less than 23000h.
4.1.4 The selection of materials shall take comprehensive consideration of such

factors as significance of structure, characteristics of load, structure form, stress
condition, connection method and working environment.
4.1.5 The mechanical properties, heat treatment properties and welding properties
of the metallic materials used for important machinery parts shall all meet the
requirements of working condition.
4.1.6 Where relatively big difference exists between the theoretical calculated value
and the actual test value of the load of amusement device, the theoretical calculated
results shall be checked and calculated again.
4.2 Loads of amusement devices
4.2.1 Permanent loads
They are the loads of which the action point, size and orientation do not change with
time, for instance, the deadweight of structure in amusement device, expressed in Gk.
4.2.2 Variable loads (expressed in Qk)
4.2.2.1 Live loads
GB 8408-2008
Live loads are the loads of passengers themselves, expressed in Q1, which are
specified as follows:
The live load is 750N/capita when there are one or two adult passengers and is
700N/capita when there are more than two adult passengers.
The live load is 400N/capita for children (whose height does not exceed 1.2m or who
are younger than 10 years old).
4.2.2.2 Supporting and constraint reaction of passengers
When designing the person-carrying bearer, the forces superposed by the passengers
onto such constraint parts as handrail, support, pedal and backing wall during the
normal running, starting, braking and emergency conditions of the bearer shall be
taken into account. These force applied by adults shall not be less than 500 N/capita
and shall not be less than 300N/capita for the special children amusement devices,
expressed in Q2.
4.2.2.3 Driving force and braking force
The force driving the carrier to move and the force forcing the carries to stop moving
(or to slow down), expressed in Q3.
Q3= a(m1+m2)
Where:
a — the starting/braking acceleration;
m1 — the mass of the driven part;
m2 — the total mass of live loads.
Where the movement speed of the moving part does not exceed 3m/s, the acceleration
value used in the above formula, without accurate calculation, shall be taken as: a
=0.7m/s2
4.2.2.4 Friction force
The force produced by friction on the contact surface between relatively moving objects,
expressed in Q4.
Q4=fP
Where:
f — the friction factor;
P — the positive pressure applied onto the friction surface.
4.2.2.5 Inertia force
It is the force produced by the variations (value and direction) in the movement speed
and shall be calculated according to the full load state, expressed in Q5.
Q5= ma
GB 8408-2008
Where:
m — the mass of the moving part bearing a acceleration and the live loads;
a — the acceleration.
4.2.2.6 Impact force
It is the force produced by impact during the moving process, which generally shall be
checked and calculated for the spare parts impacting with one another and is supposed
to occur at the most unfavourable position. The impact force shall be calculated
according to the full load state and is expressed in Q6.
Q6=mg sinα
In any case, the impact load shall meet: Q6 ≥ 0.3mg
Where:
m — the mass of the parts being impacting and the loads;
g — the free fall acceleration;
α — the angle of impact.
4.2.2.7 Wind load
The wind load is divided into the load at working state and the load not at the working
state. In the design of amusement devices, the wind load at the working state shall be
calculated according to the maximum running wind speed of 15m/s. At stationary state
(off working state), the device shall be able to bear the wind load provided by the local
meteorological data, and the wind load is expressed in Q7. The value and calculation
method of wind load shall be carried out by making reference to those specified in GB
50009.
4.2.2.8 Snow load
The amusement device shall be designed to be able to bear snow load at its stationary
state. When the snow depth does not exceed 80mm, the snow load on the overall
surface of amusement device shall be calculated according to the snow pressure of
0.2kN/m2; when the snow depth exceeds 80mm, the calculation method of snow load
shall be carried out by making reference to those specified in GB 50009, and the snow
load is expressed in Q8. The snow load may not be considered when the device works
at snowless period or with measures against snow cover.
4.2.3 Special loads
4.2.3.1 Earthquake load
The design of the amusement devices with large-scale or high structures and buildings
shall take the load caused by earthquake into account, and the earthquake load is
expressed in T. The calculation method shall be implemented by making reference to
GB 50011.
4.2.3.2 Impact load
GB 8408-2008
The amusement device may have impact during its moving process and impact load
hereby will produced (such as the rail joints or the pits formed abraded rail as for the
coasters), and the impact load can not be calculated accurately in the design, therefore,
for the strength calculation of the amusement devices of coaster category, their loads
(permanent loads and live loads) must be multiplied by an impact factor K (See Table
1).
Table 1 Impact Factor

Category Speed Impact factor K Example
≥40km/h ≥2 Roller coaster
Amusement devices moving along rails or on ≥20km/h ≥1.5 Small coaster

ground
≥10km/h ≥1.3 Fairy train
< 10km/h ≥1.1 Children battery car
≥10m/s ≥1.5 Big pendulum
≥5m/s ≥1.3 Astro fighter

Rotating amusement devices
≥2m/s ≥1.1 Merry go round
<2m/s 1.0 Children's turntable
Note 1: Where aggregate motion exists, the speed shall be taken as the maximum value of the resultant speed.
Note 2: For amusement devices that are not operating along rails or on ground AND not of rotating motion, it shall
be implemented by making reference to Table 1.
4.2.4 Combination of loads (examples of calculation are given in Appendix A)
4.2.4.1 The permanent loads and variable loads bear by in the structure of
amusement device under different working conditions are combined into one
calculated load for analytical calculation.
4.2.4.2 The combination of the following loads shall be considered for the
calculation of the strength and rigidity of parts:
P1=∑K(Gk+Q1)+Q2+Q3+Q4+Q5+Q6 +Q7
Where:
P1 — the combined load;
Gk — the permanent loads;
Q1 — the live loads;
Q2~Q6 — see 4.2.2.2 ~ 4.2.2.6;
Q7 — the wind load (wind speed ≤15m/s).
4.2.4.3 To calculate the structural stability and overturning capacity of such

amusement devices with wind speed above 15m/s, the combination of the following
loads shall be taken into consideration:
P2=∑Gk+Q7
Where:
GB 8408-2008
Q7 — the wind load.
The combined load P2 shall not cause the structure produce any permanent
deformation.
4.2.4.4 Where the amusement device is covered by snow, the calculation of its
structural stability shall take the combination of the following loads into account:
P3=∑Gk+Q8
Where:
Q8 — the snow load.
The combined load P3 shall not cause the structure producing any permanent
deformation.
4.2.4.5 Combination of earthquake loads
P4=∑Gk+T
Where:
T — the earthquake load.
The combined load P4 shall not cause the structure produce any permanent
deformation.
4.3 Values of the uniformly distributed live loads in human activity area
— Ordinary areas where human stand, such as stations, stairs, exits and
entrances: 3.5kN/m2;
— Area stood by densely human, such as densely populated stand and stairs:
5kN/m2;
— Unopened area where human stand, such as the unopened floor slabs,
stairs, exits and entrances: 1.5kN/m2;
— If the amusement device has the requirement on the passenger number

within a certain area, then the uniformly distributed live loads in this area
shall be calculated by the concentrated live loads of the passengers.
4.4 Value of horizontal thrust in human activity area
The value of the horizontal thrust applied on the fence, handrail, wallboard and other
similar places of the amusement device shall be:
GB 8408-2008
— In the areas with non-densely personnel, the action point shall be at the high
point of fence: 0.5kN/m;
— In the areas with non-densely personnel, the action point shall be at a half
height of fence: 0.1kN/m;
— In the areas with dense personnel, the action point shall be at the high
point of fence: 1kN/m;
— In the areas with dense personnel, the action point shall be at a half height
of fence: 0.15kN/m;
— In unopened areas, the action point shall be at the high point of fence:
0.3kN/m;
— In unopened areas, the action point shall be at a half height of fence:

0.1kN/m.
4.5 Design calculation
4.5.1 According to the specific structures, the design of amusement device shall have
the corresponding calculations: stress calculation, rigidity calculation, fatigue strength
calculation, stability calculation, anti-overturning capacity calculation and anti-sideslip
calculation, etc.
4.5.2 Stress calculation
The spare parts and welds shall be carried out stress calculation, the ratio between
the maximum stress on them and the ultimate stress of the material is the safety factor,
and the calculated safety factor n must meet the requirements of Table 2.
b
n   n
 max
Where:
σb — the ultimate stress of material;
σmax — the maximum stress of design calculation;
[n] — the permissible safety factor (See Table 2).
Table 2 Permissible Safety Factor n

Name Safety factor n
Important shaft and axis pin as well as important weld ≥5
General structure member ≥3.5 (Fragile material ≥8)
The descriptions to the "name" column are detailed in Appendix B.
4.5.3 Fatigue strength calculation
4.5.3.1 Infinite life calculation
Where the maximum calculated stress of the cyclic load is less than the fatigue limit of
material, the spare parts have infinite life; the calculated fatigue safety factor shall meet
the requirements of Table 3.
GB 8408-2008
Table 3 Permissible Fatigue Strength Safety Factor

Spare parts n-1(Symmetrical cycle) n0(Pulsation cycle )
The materials are relatively uniform, the load and stress
≥1.3 ≥1.73
calculation is accurate relatively
The materials are not uniform insufficiently, the load and
≥1.5~1.8 ≥2.0~2.4
stress calculation have low accuracy
Materials have very poor uniformity, and the calculation
≥1.8~2.5 ≥2.4~3.3
accuracy is very poor
4.5.3.2 Limited life calculation
Where the maximum calculated stress of cyclic load is larger than the fatigue limit of
materials, the service life of the spare parts shall be calculated with the fatigue load
spectrum.
4.5.4 Rigidity calculation
The members having deformation requirements on amusement devices shall be

carried out with rigidity calculation.
4.5.5 Stability calculation
To prevent the instability of structure, the slender, thin-walled structure shall be carried
out with integral and local stability calculation.
4.5.6 Anti-overturning calculation
During the operation, the amusement device shall be carried out with anti-overturning
calculation when it has the possibility of integral overturning.
 M   M
1 2
Where:
 — the safety factor, see Table 4;
M 1 — the value of stabilizing moment;
M 2 — the value of overturning moment.
4.5.7 Anti-sideslip calculation
During the operation, the amusement device shall be carried out with anti-overturning
calculation when the device has the possibility of integral sideslip.
 N  H
Where:
 — the safety factor, (See Table 4);
μ — the friction factor (see Table 5);
N — the vertical load component;
GB 8408-2008
H — the horizontal load component.
Table 4 Safety Factor γ Against Overturning and Sideslip

Load γ
1 Dead load is favourable affecting factor 1
2 Dead load is unfavorable affecting factor 1.1
3 Wind load is unfavorable affecting factor 1.2
4 Other loads, excluding Item 2 and 3 are unfavorable affecting factor 1.3
Table 5 Friction Factor μ

Material/material Wood Steel Concrete
Wood 0.4 0.4 0.6
Steel 0.4 0.1 0.2
Concrete 0.6 0.2 0.5
Clay 0.25 0.2 0.25
Sub-clay 0.4 0.2 0.4
Sand and stone 0.65 0.2 0.65
If the device can not be kept stable by static friction, the structure shall be connected
with the ground with foundation bolts. Its anti-sideslip calculation shall also take the
action of foundation bolts into account, and the friction factor shall only be taken as 70%
of the Table 5.
 N  Z   H
Where:
Z — the horizontal bearing capacity of foundation bolt.
4.5.8 In addition to stress calculation in accordance with Article 4.5.2, for those
important shafts, axis pins and welds, the fatigue strength checking calculation shall
be carried out according to Article 4.5.3, both the stress and the fatigue strength shall
meet the given safety factors. Those important shafts and axis pins that are hard to be
disassembled shall be designed in accordance with the infinite life.
4.6 Allowable speed value
4.6.1 As for the amusement devices that move with passengers on and off, their
operating speed shall not be larger than 0.3m/s.
4.6.2 As for the amusement devices of fairy train category, their allowable speed
values are detailed in Table 6.
Table 6 Allowable Speed Value

Operating speed
No. Name Operating characteristic Example
(km/h)
Battery car Operate within the specified site
1 ≤5 Children battery car
category on ground
Fairy train
2 Operate along the ground rail ≤10 Children fairy train
category
Bumper car
3 Operate and impact in fixed site ≤10 Bumper car
category
4 Racing car Operate in the specified route on ≤20 Small racing car
GB 8408-2008
category ground
Summer Dry land summer
5 Operate in slot or on rail ≤40
toboggan run toboggan run
4.7 Allowable acceleration value (the examples for calculation of acceleration

and orbit inclination angle are given in Appendixes C and D)
4.7.1 To protect the passengers from injury, the acceleration of amusement device
with passengers shall be controlled within a certain range, Figure 1 gives the space
coordinates system of human body, and its allowable acceleration level is given in
Figure 2~5 (expressed in the ratio between the actual acceleration and gravity
acceleration g).
Figure 1 Coordinate System of Human Body
4.7.2 Generally, the reference points for calculating or measuring the acceleration
shall be at place 600mm above the seats. When measuring the acceleration to
construct the time diagram of acceleration, the 10Hz low-pass high frequency filter
(minimum inclination of the filter boundary is 6dB/octave).
The acceleration with duration time less than or equal to 0.1s is the impact acceleration
and that with duration time larger than 0.1s is the steady acceleration.
4.7.3 Transverse acceleration (y direction)
The measured transverse acceleration shall meet those specified in Figure 2. The
measured acceleration signal shall be recorded in shape of triangle.
4.7.4 Vertical acceleration (z direction)
The measured vertical acceleration shall meet those specified in Figure 3.
For instance, the acceleration limit at 0.3s is az=-1.7g and az=+6.0g.
Where impact load exists, the above-mentioned value shall be reduced by 10%.
GB 8408-2008
1 — the area where the frequency is above 10Hz;

Δt — the duration time (s) of acceleration.
Note: The area above 4s has not proven yet and shall be further tested.
Figure 2 Allowable Acceleration ay(g) Related to Duration Time
S — the duration time (s) of acceleration.

Note: The area above 4s has not proven yet and shall be further tested.
Figure 3 Allowable Acceleration az(g) Related to Duration Time
4.7.5 Combination of acceleration
GB 8408-2008
Where transverse acceleration ay and vertical acceleration az coexist, the ratios ay/[ay]
and az/[az] in Figure 4 shall also be met. Therein, ay and az are the actual transverse
and vertical acceleration values; [ay] and [az] are the allowable transverse and vertical
acceleration values.
ay and az are the maximal acceleration values bear within 0.3s, namely, the maximum
value arisen within a time difference of 0.3s and shall be combined.
The allowable combined acceleration values ay and az are given in Figure 5.
1 — the allowable area.
Figure 4 Combination of Acceleration ay and az
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Note: The three broken lines means the maximum allowable acceleration values az and ay when az and ay coexist
and the duration time is 0.05s, 0.10s and ≥0.20s.For instance: the maximum allowable ay value is 2.7g when
the duration time of acceleration is 0.05s and the az value is 1.8g.
Figure 5 Allowable Value (g) of the Combination of Acceleration ay and az
5 Driving System
5.1 The design of driving system must ensure the safe operation, and the amusement
device shall be at safe state when the system is out of service.
5.2 The design shall take the selection, application, installation and adjustment of all
the parts and components as well as the risks to the safety of personnel and to the
system and environment when any failure happens into account.
5.3 Provisions on mechanical driving part.
5.3.1 The complete machine shall operate normally without creeping, abnormal
vibration, impact, heat or noise.
5.3.2 When driving with belt and chain, the belt and chain shall be tensioned properly.
5.3.3 When driving by gear and rack, the percentage of contact pattern shall be: not
less than 40% in the gear depth direction, not less than 50% in the gear length direction.
Neither lateral meshing nor lateral abrasion is allowed.
5.3.4 The spare parts and their connection shall be firm and reliable.
5.3.5 The spare parts shall be free from permanent deformation and damage
phenomena.
5.3.6 The places with relative motion on the shaft bearing and contact surface shall
be taken with lubrication measures and be convenient for applying lubricant. All the
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lubrication positions shall be free from oil leakage.
5.3.7 The temperature rise at the end cap of rolling bearing shall not be larger than
30°C and the maximum temperature shall not be larger than 65°C. The temperature
rise at the oil inlet of sliding bearing shall not be larger than 35°C, and the maximum
temperature shall not be larger than 70°C.
5.3.8 The winding drum, steel wire rope and chain are specified as follows:
5.3.8.1 As for the amusement device of friction driving mode, the diameter of the
steel wire rope shall not be less than 10mm. As for the amusement device of winding
drum driving mode, the diameter of steel wire rope shall not be less than 6mm.
5.3.8.2 The maximum load bear by the steel wire ropes used for hoisting and hanging
the passenger devices shall take the end fixing efficiency (see Table 12) into account,
and the ratio between the minimum breaking load of steel wire rope and the maximum
static load it bears shall not be less than 10.
5.3.8.3 As for the chain used for hoisting and hanging the passenger devices, the
ratio between its minimum breaking load and the maximum static load it bears shall
not be less than 8.
5.3.8.4 For the nonmetallic elastic pieces, hangers, lantern rings and supporting
pieces, the ratio between their minimum breaking load and the maximum static load
they bears shall not be less than 10.
5.3.8.5 The roller chain used for transmitting power shall meet those specified in
GB/T 1243.
5.3.8.6 The steel wire ropes used for the passenger parts shall meet those specified
in GB/T 8918.
5.3.8.7 The steel wire ropes used for winding drum and pulley should adopt linear
contact lay wire ropes. In corrosive environment, the galvanized steel wire ropes shall
be selected. The properties and strength of steel wire ropes shall meet the
requirements of the device at its operating condition.
5.3.8.8 The ratio between the diameters of winding drum and pulley that are used for
hoisting the passenger device shall not be less than 30 times. Where the wrap angle
of steel wire rope to the pulley is no larger than 90°, the ratio between the diameters
of pulley and steel wire rope shall not be less than 20 times. During the process of
design, the service life of steel wire ropes shall be specified.
5.4 The amusement devices adopting hydraulic or pneumatic driving mode are
specified as follows:
5.4.1 To ensure the safety of application, all the components in the system shall be
selected to ensure that these components can operate reliably when the system is put
into service. Particularly, the attention shall be paid to the reliability of such components
that may cause risks by failure or false action.
5.4.2 In relation to the design, the system pressure shall be prevented from
exceeding the system allowable maximum pressure and the nominal pressure of any
component, and the personnel shall not face any risk when the pressure is lost or
reaches the critical value
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5.4.3 Each set (suit) of amusement device shall be set with separate hydraulic or
pneumatic system.
5.4.4 The design and adjustment of hydraulic or pneumatic system shall be conduct
to reduce impact as much as possible. The impact pressure and the loss of pressure
shall not cause risks.
5.4.5 The passenger part is supported and hoisted by oil cylinder or air cylinder, the
descent speed of the passenger part shall not be larger than 0.5m/s when the pressure
piping, hose and pump are damaged, otherwise, effective buffer devices shall be
installed.
5.4.6 The oil temperature shall meet those specified in GB/T 3766: when the ambient
temperature is maximum, the oil temperature at outlet of oil pump shall not exceed
60°C. When the ambient temperature is minimum, the device shall be able to work
normally.
5.4.7 The overpressure protective device not exceeding 1.2 times of the rated
working pressure shall be set in the hydraulic or pneumatic system.
5.4.8 Before assembling the hydraulic system, the internal surfaces of joints, piping
and oil tank must be washed clean and shall be free from any dirt. The used hydraulic
oil shall be clean without impurities. The oil tank shall be sealed well.
5.4.9 After the pneumatic system is installed, it shall be thoroughly purged with dry
compressed air.
5.4.10 The hydraulic system shall be free from oil leakage. The pneumatic system
shall be free from obvious air leakage.
5.4.11 The installation mode of hydraulic cylinder shall make the reacting force of
loads pass through the center line of hydraulic cylinder. During the installation, the
following conditions shall be noticed and reduced (decreased) as many as possible:
a) The excessive deformation of the structure of hydraulic cylinder caused by the

push or tension load;
b) Loads causing lateral bending;
c) The upper and lower axis pins of hydraulic cylinder shall be fully lubricated.
5.4.12 The single-action piston type hydraulic cylinder shall be designed with air
outlet at appropriate position so as to avoid the sprayed liquid hurting human.
5.4.13 The hydraulic system with air charged accumulator is specified as follows:
5.4.13.1 The fluid pressure in accumulator shall be relieved or the accumulator shall
be isolated reliably when turn off the device. The special circumstances that pressure
is required after shutdown may not meet this provision.
5.4.13.2 The hydraulic system with accumulator shall be set with text warning marks,
and the same contents shall also be marked on the hydraulic schematic diagram.
5.4.13.3 Where the damaged component or pipe joint in the air charged accumulator
system will cause risks, proper protective measures shall be taken.
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5.4.14 The nominal pressure of pipe joint shall not be less than the maximum working
pressure at its position of the system in which it is located.
5.4.15 The assembly of hose shall meet the requirements of Article 9.5 in GB/T3766-
2001.
5.4.16 The debugging of hydraulic system shall meet the requirements of Article
7.0.5 in GB/T 50231-1998.
6 Electricity
6.1 Electrical system
6.1.1 The design of electrical system shall be correct and reasonable, and shall also
meet the requirements of the corresponding technical specifications and national
standards related to electricity.
6.1.2 The design and selection of the various electrical and electronic components
(such as switch, contactor, relay capacity, etc.) shall be reasonable and shall meet the
requirements of the corresponding technical specifications and national standards
related to electricity. They shall ensure the safety and meet the operating conditions.
6.1.3 The design and selection (such as cross-section, insulation strength grade and
adaptability to ambient temperature) of conductors shall be correct and shall meet the
requirements of the corresponding technical specifications and national standards
related to electricity.
6.1.4 The electrical equipment installed at such humid sites as pump house and
swimming pool as well as such decorative and lighting equipment using non-safe
voltage shall have the residual current operated protective devices. The technical
specifications of residual current protective devices shall meet the relevant
requirements of GB 6829 and GB 13955, their technical rated values shall match with
the technical parameters of the protected circuit or equipment; when the residual
current protective device is used for direct contact protection against lightning stroke,
the 0.1s, 30mA high-sensitivity quick-action residual current protector shall be selected.
For indirect contact protection, if the residual current protector with automatic cutoff
power supply is adopted, the protector shall match with the grounding type of the
network correctly.
6.1.5 The motor current shall not be larger than its rated current at the full load or the
designed allowable unbalance load conditions of amusement device. The type of the
frequently triggered motor shall be reasonable and the starting current should be not
be larger than 4.5 times of the rated current value.
6.2 Control system
6.2.1 The control system must meet the operating condition of amusement device
and the passengers' safety. If the logical program control is adopted, the logical control
shall be reasonable and reliable and shall also be able to meet the safe operation
requirements of the device.
6.2.2 If automatic control or interlocking control is adopted, the repair (maintenance)

mode shall be designed, and each motion shall be able to be controlled independently.
6.2.3 If automatic control or interlocking control is adopted, the device shall be free
from any motions that may endanger passengers' safety in case of mis-operation.
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6.2.4 If such control modes as wireless remote control and proximity switch are
adopted, the capacity of the induction emitting or receiving components to resist
external disturbance and their sensitivity to the working environment shall be fully
considered; the fault detection, alarm and signal systems shall be set.
6.3 Speed and position control
6.3.1 The amusement device that may operate over speed shall be installed with the
automatic control device to prevent over-speed, and the control device shall be safe
and reliable.
6.3.2 If risks may caused when the amusement device exceeds the preset position
during operation, the position control and limit control devices shall be installed, and
the control devices shall be safe and reliable.
6.3.3 The amusement device driven by winding drum and tractor must be set with
the control device against the over-winding and loosening of steel wire ropes as well
as the limit control device, and the multiple steel wire rope driving system that is
invisible to the operator at normal operating condition shall have the rope breaking
detection and control devices.
6.4 Safety protection
6.4.1 Emergency buttons must be set on the operating platforms (may also be set on
stations if necessary), and the raised hand resetting type buttons shall be adopted.
Risks cause by pressing the emergency buttons are disallowed.
6.4.2 During the process of installation, maintenance and inspection, the danger
areas and the facilities that one part of human body (such as arm) needs inserting into
the danger area shall be installed with the control device against mis-starting, generally,
the following measures may be taken:
a) The control or interlocking elements shall be set in the danger area and shall
be locked or started only at this position;
b) The extractable switch key is provided.
6.4.3 Necessary signal devices, such as sound, shall be set before starting the
amusement device.
6.4.4 The decorative lighting voltage used at the sites where passengers can reach
easily (the scope that the height is less than 2.5m or the safety distance is less than
500mm) shall adopt such safety voltage no larger than 50V.
6.4.5 The electric switch operated by passengers shall adopt the safety voltage no
larger than 24V; as for the equipment of which the operating voltage is difficult to meet
the above-mentioned requirements, the operating rod, operating handle or similar
structures of its switch shall meet those specified in Articles 8.1.1, 8.1.4, 8.1.5 and 8.2
of GB 4706.1-1998.
6.4.6 As for the amusement devices traveling on ground along charged rails, such
as the children fairy train, the rail voltage shall not be larger than 50V. As for the
amusement devices traveling overhead, such as overhead trains, the safety barrier
and safety mark shall be set at positions where the height of trolley wire is less than
2.5m.
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6.5 Electrical installation
6.5.1 The installation of electrical equipment, elements and parts as well as the laying
of conductors shall meet the requirements of the relevant national specifications for
construction and acceptance of electrical apparatus installation work.
6.5.2 The operating button and control handle shall have obvious Chinese marks that
can be kept permanently; the colour codes, such as buttons and signal lamps, shall
meet those specified in GB 5226.1.
6.5.3 Indoor amusement devices shall have adequate lighting and emergency
lighting equipment, the illuminance of lighting shall not be less than 60lx and the
illuminance of emergency lighting shall not be less than 20lx.
6.6 Grounding and lightning protection
6.6.1 The grounding type of low-voltage distribution system shall adopt the TN-S
system or TN-C-S system.
6.6.2 Under normal conditions of electrical equipment, the uncharged metal

enclosure, metal pipe chase, cable metal coating and the secondary loop of mutual
inductor must be connected reliably with the PE wire of power line, the electric
resistance of low-voltage distribution system against multiple grounding shall not be
larger than 10Ω. The design and construction of grounding device shall meet those
specified in GBJ 65 and GB 50169.
6.6.3 The amusement devices with height larger than 15m, the upper and lower
stations of slip rope as well as the steel wire ropes shall all be installed with lightning-
protection devices; when the height is above 60m, the amusement device shall still be
added with such lightning-protection device to prevent lateral lightning strokes. The
downlead should adopt round steel or flat steel, the diameter of round steel shall not
be less than 8mm, the sectional area of flat steel shall not be less than 48mm2 and the
thickness shall not be less than 4mm. Where the metal structure of device is used as
the downlead, the sectional area and thickness the above-mentioned requirements,
and reliable electrical connection shall be conducted at the joints of machine in
sections. The downlead should be installed with breaking of contact or connection plate
between the height 0.3m and 1.8m above the ground and shall also be set with clear
marks. The ground resistance of lightning-protection device shall not be larger than
30Ω. The design and construction of lightning-protection device shall meet those
specified in GB 50057.
6.6.4 The insulation resistance between such energized circuit of which the RMS
voltage is larger than 50V and the grounding device shall not be less than 1MΩ.
6.6.5 Amusement devices shall not be arranged in the channels of high-voltage

power transmission and distribution overhead lines.
7 Safety Requirements and Safety Devices

7.1 Safety analysis, safety assessment and safety control
7.1.1 During the design of amusement device, safety analysis shall be conducted,
namely, the possible danger shall be judged and the risks may be caused shall be
assessed. Safety analysis is conducted with a view to identifying all the possible
conditions related to the amusement device or passengers, and these conditions may
cause damages to passengers and device. Once any link is discovered to be with
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danger, the consequence produced by it, especially the risk degree on passengers,
shall be assessed.
7.1.2 Contents of safety assessment include the occurring possibility of danger and
the severity of damages caused by it (probability of being injured, number of personnel
concerned, severity and frequency of damages, etc.). The assessment scope includes:
mechanical danger, electrical danger, vibration danger, noise danger, heat danger,
danger of hazardous substances in materials, acceleration danger and the dangers to
the environment caused by them, etc.
7.1.3 In relation to the results of safety analysis and safety assessment,

corresponding targeted measure that shall be taken must be proposed so as to
eliminate or minimize the risks and make the risks be at controllable state.
7.1.4 The amusement device after heavy maintenance or important design alteration
shall also be carried out with new safety analysis, safety judgement and risk
assessment procedures.
7.1.5 The stages during the installation, operation and disassembly of amusement
device shall also be carried out with safety analysis, safety assessment and danger
judgement. Continuous monitoring shall be conduced through routine test run
inspection. If the risks may exist, corresponding measures that shall be taken must be
proposed to make the risks be at controllable state.
7.1.6 The amusement device shall be set with conspicuous safety signs at the
necessary places and positions. The safety signs are divided into four types:
prohibition signs (red), warning signs (yellow), direction signs (blue) and information
signs (green).The pattern of safety signs shall meet those specified in GB 2894 and
GB 13495.
7.2 Safety measures
7.2.1 The integral structure of the passenger parts of amusement device that run in
the air shall be firm and reliable, and the important spare parts should be taken with
safety measures.
7.2.2 The quantity of steel wire ropes or chains used for hanging the passenger parts
shall not be less than two. The connection of steel wire ropes or chains with the seat
part must ensure that balance is able to be kept when on steel wire rope or chain is
disconnected.
7.2.3 The end of the steel wire rope shall be left with a allowance no less than three
coils on the winding drum. When pulley driving or guiding is adopted, the structure
protecting the steel wire rope from falling off from the pulley shall be considered.
7.2.4 The door of the enclosed cabin that is more than 1m above the ground must be
set with two lock devices or one safe lock device that can not be opened by passengers
inside, and the blocking objects at the entrance and exit of non-enclosed cabin shall
also be set with safe lock devices.
7.2.5 The vehicles operating along the overhead rail shall be set with anti-tipping
devices. The vehicle connectors shall be of reasonable structures, rotate flexibly and
safe and reliable.
7.2.6 The amusement device moving along steel wire rope must have the safety
device to prevent the passenger parts from falling off, and the safety device shall have
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adequate strength.
7.2.7 Where the power source fails or the equipment is out of service suddenly during
the operation of amusement device and the passengers' safety is endangered,
automatic or quick stopping mechanism must be set.
7.2.8 Measures leading passengers shall be taken after the amusement device is out
of service during operation.
7.3 Anti-collision device and buffer device
7.3.1 Where no less than two groups (including two groups) of unmanned single
vehicles or trains are running along one same rail, slide track or accommodation lane,
the automatic control device buffer device against mutual impact shall be installed.
Where these vehicles or trains are of attended operation, the effective buffer device
shall be installed.
7.3.2 The extreme position of lifting gear shall be installed with buffer device if
necessary.
7.4 Hold-back device
7.4.1 The hoisting system dragging upward along slope shall be set with such device
for preventing the passenger devices from back running (the special operating mode
excluded).
7.4.2 The design of the back run distance of hold-back device shall minimize the
impact load and must hold the back running of device reliably at the maximum impact
load.
7.5 Stop device
7.5.1 For the amusement device that rotates around the trunnion axis and is set with
balancing weight, if the passenger part may appear stationary state at its peak point
(dead point), proper measures to prevent or handle this state shall be taken.
7.5.2 Stop device shall be set at the end point of the stroke of oil cylinder or air
cylinder.
7.6 Passenger tie-down safety device
7.6.1 The amusement device must be set with tie-down safety devices of the
corresponding types based on the different properties, operating modes, speed value
and structures of the equipment.
7.6.2 Passenger tie-down safety devices (also be used to restrain the wrongful acts
of passengers) must be set as the passengers may be moved or impacted in the carrier
or may be threw out or sided out during the operation process of amusement device.
For the amusement devices of large danger, two sets of independent tie-down safety
devices may be set if necessary. The tie-down safety devices may adopt safety belt,
safety lever and stop lever, etc.
7.6.3 The tie-down safety devices shall be reliable and comfortable, their parts direct
contacting with passengers shall have appropriate softness. Their design shall be able
to prevent the parts of the passengers from being hurt by clamping or pressing, and
they shall be easy to adjust and convenient to operate.
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7.6.4 The tie-down safety device must be reliably fixed onto the structure member of
amusement device and it shall be to able to bear the maximum acting force under
normal operating conditions.
7.6.5 The design of the passengers carrying device, including the structure and type
of seats, shall have a certain tie down function. The field welding of its support
members shall be reduced as much as possible.
7.6.6 Unless the emergency measures for leading passengers are taken, the lock
device of the tie-down safety device still shall be able to keep its locking position when
the amusement device appears functional fault or emergency brake.
7.6.7 Safety belt
7.6.7.1 Safety belt may be independently used at such devices that sway slightly or
are in slow lifting speed, have no risk of turning or being threw out. Generally, the safety
belt shall be matched with auxiliary handle. For the device of severe movement, the
safety belt may be used as auxiliary tie-down safety device.
7.6.7.2 Safety belt should adopt the belt that is suitable for open air usage and with
high strength, such as nylon woven belt. The belt with shall not be less than 30mm and
the breaking force of safety belt shall not be less than 6000N. The connection of the
safety belt with the device body must be reliable and be able to bear the force produced
by any predictable action of the passengers. If the safety belt is directly fixed on
fiberglass reinforced plastic part, the fixing position must be firm and reliable, otherwise,
the strengthening measures, such as buried metal member, shall be taken.
7.6.7.3 Where the safety belt is used as the second set of tie-down safety device, its
reliability shall be designed according to independent action.
7.6.8 Safety lever
7.6.8.1 The corresponding type of safety lever must be installed if the risk that the
passengers are threw out during the operation of amusement device exists.
7.6.8.2 The safety lever itself must has adequate strength and locking force to protect
tourists from being threw out or dropping and shall also always be at the lock state
before the device it stopped.
7.6.8.3 The lock and release gears may adopt manual or automatic control mode.
Where the automatic control device is out of service, the lock and release gears shall
be able to be opened manually.
7.6.8.4 Passengers shall be unable to open the release gear randomly, and the
operation personnel shall be able to approach this position and operate the release
gear conveniently and rapidly.
7.6.8.5 The stroke of safety lever shall adopt step-less adjustment or step-in-step
adjustment, and the movement of its ends at the compaction state shall not be larger
than 35mm. The action during the compaction process of safety lever shall be slow,
and the maximum force applied to passengers shall not be larger than 150N for adults
and shall not be larger than 80N for children.
7.6.8.6 As for the amusement device of which the carrier has turnover actions, the
shoulder-type levers of passengers shall have two sets of reliable lock devices.
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7.7 Braking device
7.7.1 After the power source is cut off, the amusement device of relatively long
shutdown time or requiring accurate positioning shall be installed with braking device.
At the locking position, the braking device shall be able to make the moving parts be
at stationary state.
7.7.2 If the power source fails or the braking system is out of service during the
operation of the amusement device, the braking system shall be kept at its locking
position (particular cases excluded) to stop the operation of amusement device.
7.7.3 The braking torque (force) of braking device shall be larger than or equal to 1.5
times of the rated load torque (force). The acting force of the operating handle of
manual brake shall be 100~200N.
7.7.4 Based on the different motion modes, speed values and structures, the
amusement devices shall be adopted with different braking modes and brake
structures (such as mechanical, electrical, hydraulic, pneumatic and manual, etc.). The
members of the brake shall have adequate strength and the fatigue strength of
stopping brake shall be checked if necessary. The brake stroke of the brake shall be
adjustable.
7.7.5 The brake shall act stably and reliably to avoid passengers feeling any obvious
impact or the equipment structure having obvious vibration or shake. Generally, the
absolute value of braking acceleration shall not be larger than 5.0m/s2. If necessary,
the checking brake may be set in addition.
7.7.6 The maximum braking distance of the amusement devices shall be limited
within a reasonable range. That of small racing cars shall not be larger than 7m, that
of the vehicle sliding in summer toboggan run shall not be larger than 8m, that of bikes
and internal combustion or electrical bicycles shall not be larger than 6m, and that of
overhead trains shall not be larger than 15m.
7.8 Safety requirements on safety barrier, station and operation room
7.8.1 Safety barriers or other effective isolation facilities shall be set around the
amusement device and the station more than 500mm above the ground. The height of
outdoor safety barrier shall not be less than 1100mm and the height of the safety
barriers for indoor children entertainment items shall not be less than 650mm. The
clearance between barriers and the clearance away from the ground shall not be larger
than 120mm. The vertical barriers shall be adopted instead of the transverse or inclined
structures.
7.8.2 The safety barriers shall be built with entrance and exit respectively and guiding
barrier should be set at the entrance. The stations shall be taken with the anti-skid
measures.
7.8.3 The opening direction of safety barrier gate shall be consistent with the
travelling direction of passengers (particular cases excluded). To prevent the injuries
to the personnel hands when opening and closing the gate, the gate frame and upright
column shall have proper clearance between them or other protective measures shall
be taken.
7.8.4 For the steps at the entrance and exit of amusement device, the step width
shall not be less than 240mm, the step height shall be between 140mm and 200mm,
the stair gradient shall be kept constant. Where the entrance and exit are slopes, the
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gradient shall not be larger than 1: 6. For the slope with nonskid pattern, the gradient
shall not be larger than 1: 4.
7.8.5 The operation room of amusement device shall be set separately with wide
visual field, sufficient activity space and illumination. As for the blind area where the
operation personnel cannot observe the working conditions, such safety measures as
monitoring system shall be taken when any danger may happen.
7.9 Other safety requirements
7.9.1 For the amusement devices operating with passengers on and off, the entrance
and exit of the passenger part shall not be above the station by 300mm. For other
amusement devices, the height of the entrance and exit of the passenger part above
the station shall be convenient for passengers on and off.
7.9.2 The entrance and exit of the passenger part shall be set with door or retaining
device and the safety of the opening direction of the doors shall be ensured.
7.9.3 Where any parts of the passenger body can reach beyond the cabin, the safety
device preventing the passengers from impacting with the surrounding obstacles
during the operation shall be installed or a safety distance no less than 500mm shall
be left. At the positions where the travelling speed along the full stroke or at a local part
is no larger than 1 m/s, the safety distance may be reduced properly but shall not be
less than 300mm. The distance from the seat surface up to the above obstacles shall
not be less than 1400mm. And that for the special amusement device for children to
ride shall not be less than 1100mm.
7.9.4 The exposed sharp edge, sharp corner, burrs and danger outthrust at the place
where passenger can touch shall all be avoided.
7.9.5 If the maximum height of the seat above the floor is less than 5m, the cabin
depth shall not be less than 550mm and the height of the seat backrest shall not be
less than 300mm. If the maximum height of the seat above the floor is larger than 5m,
the cabin depth shall not be less than 800mm and the height of the seat backrest shall
not be less than 400mm. Where safety lever, safety belt or other facilities are installed,
the cabin depth may be reduced properly. The width of passenger seat shall not be
less than 400mm per capita and the width of the special seat for children shall not be
less than 250mm per capita.
7.9.6 If the amusement device passes through culvert, its female surface shall be
adopted with such materials that are uneasy to shed, and the ornaments shall be firmly
fixed.
7.9.7 For the amusement device of which the height is above 20m, it shall be set with
anemometer at the height of 10m, and it must stop when the wind speed is larger than
15m/s.
7.9.8 Where the device is set with rotating platform, to prevent the feet of passengers
from being injured, the clearance between the rotating platform and the fixed part shall
not be less than 30mm in the horizontal direction. If the platform is higher than the
station surface, the clearance in the vertical direction shall be appropriate and the feet
of passengers shall not be injured.
7.9.9 For the vehicles travelling on the ground, their actuating and driving parts and
their wheels shall be covered.
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7.9.10 The fixed number of persons must be marked on the passenger part and
overload operation is strictly forbidden.
7.9.11 The recreation room of amusement device shall be set at entrance and exit
respectively.
7.9.12 The construction of amusement device must comply with the relevant national
specifications related to fire safety. If necessary, the overhead enclosed cabins shall
be equipped with extinguishing devices.
7.9.13 The influence of the noises produced by amusement device to the regional
environment shall meet those specified in GB 3096.
7.10 Safety requirements for water amusement device
7.10.1 The water slides of various types shall have adequate strength and stiffness,
and shall be carried out with stress test if necessary.
7.10.2 When the passengers on water-slide slide down in the required posture, the
water-slide shall be free from abnormal phenomena such as rolling or bouncing.
7.10.3 The sliding mode sign board shall be set at the entrance of water-slide. And
the standard sliding posture cross rod shall be set at the starting point of summer
toboggan run.
7.10.4 The holding capacity of amusement pool at the same time shall not exceed 2
capita/m2. The pool shall all be round and smooth without edges and corners, the
bottom of the pool shall be anti-skid. The embedded parts shall not be exposed out of
the bottom, otherwise, proper protective measures shall be taken.
7.10.5 Different amusement pools shall be built respectively and shall not be mixed.
7.10.6 Striking water depth markers shall be set in the depth change areas and
around amusement pool.
7.10.7 All the water amusement devices shall be equipped with adequate rescue
staffs and lifesaving equipment and shall also be set with look out station at high
position.
7.10.8 Water quality in the amusement pools shall meet the requirements stated in
GB 9667.
7.10.9 Various yachts and bumper boats on the water surface must be operated
within different limited water areas and shall not be mixed.
8 Manufacturing and Installation

8.1 General requirements
8.1.1 The manufacturer shall have sound quality management system and shall
clearly specify the quality requirements of every link FROM the raw materials,
cooperation parts and purchased parts’ entering into the factory TO product exit-factory.
The raw materials, cooperation parts and purchased parts shall all have the quality
certification documents.
8.1.2 The manufacturer shall have the fundamental production conditions: complete
GB 8408-2008
product drawings and technical documents; necessary processing and manufacturing

means and technological equipment; necessary testing means; skilled workers and a
certain number of technical personnel.
8.1.3 The manufacturer must process and manufacture in accordance with the
requirements of relevant standards and the approved product design drawing and
technical document that are approved by established procedures. The design drawing
and technical document shall not be modified randomly, and any modification shall be
obtained with the consent of the original designer (design organization), and the
modified contents shall be recorded and archived.
8.1.4 Important spare parts and welds must be carried out with flaw detection, and
the other spare parts shall also be inspected according to technical requirements of
the drawing and the relevant standards.
8.1.5 New products must be carried out with such relevant tests as type test (at least
8h every day and the cumulative time shall not be less than 80h) and supervision
inspection, and the tests shall be recorded and archived.
8.1.6 Before leaving the factory, each product shall be tested in accordance with the
design drawing, technical document and the requirements of the relevant standards.
8.1.7 The service instruction, relevant drawings, quality certificate and necessary
spare products and parts as well as special tools of the finished products shall be
provided for the users. The contents of the service instruction and the relevant
drawings shall have the function of instructing application, operation, maintenance and
trouble removal.
8.2 Metallic materials and standard parts
8.2.1 All the adopted materials shall comply with those specified in the corresponding
national standards and professional standards.
8.2.2 Important metallic materials (such as quality carbon steel and alloy steel, etc.)
shall have the quality certification and shall be sampled and inspected if necessary.
8.2.3 The bearing structures and members should not adopt Q235 rimmed steel
under the following conditions:
8.2.3.1 Welded structures:
a) The structure that directly bears the dynamical load or vibration load and
requiring checking fatigue.
b) The structures of which the working temperature is lower than or equal to -

20°C, bears the dynamical load or vibration load directly but can not be
checked for fatigue; and the important bent and tensile bearing structures that
bear the static load.
c) All the bearing structures of which the working temperature is lower than or
equal to -30°C.
8.2.3.2 Non-welded structures: the structures that the working temperature is lower
than or equal to -20°C, bear the dynamical load directly and require checking the
fatigue.
GB 8408-2008
8.2.4 The abrasion resistance, corrosion resistance and lubricating property of

nonferrous metals shall all meet the operation requirements under operating conditions.
8.2.5 Requirements on forgings
8.2.5.1 The forgings shall be free from white spots, internal fissures and residual
shrinkage holes. Their surface shall be free from megascopic cracks, folds and other
defects that affect the strength and appearance.
8.2.5.2 Important forgings shall not be processed unless they are qualified through
ultrasonic inspection.
8.2.6 The cast surface shall be flat and smooth, the burrs and sands at pouring head
shall be cleared off. Cracks, shrinkage holes, pores and severe incomplete defects
(such as the lack of casting and the mechanical damages, etc.) are disallowed.
8.3 Nonmetallic materials
8.3.1 The mechanical properties, ageing resistance and environmental protection

property of the adopted nonmetallic materials shall all meet the operation requirements
under the operating conditions.
8.3.2 The wood materials shall adopt the hard wood of good strength and uneasy to
crack, the percentage of moisture content in wood shall not be larger than 18%, and
the wood parts used at important positions shall pass through the flame retardant
treatment and anticorrosion treatment. The design of wood structure shall comply with
those specified in GB 50005 and the construction quality shall comply with those
specified in GB 50206.
8.3.3 The door and window glass of overhead cabins shall adopt the unbreakable
materials.
8.3.4 Fiberglass reinforced plastic parts
8.3.4.1 The resin used for manufacturing fiberglass reinforced plastic parts shall have
good water resistance and good ageing resistance. The alkali free glass fiber should
be adopted and the fiber surface shall have good wet ability.
8.3.4.2 The fiberglass reinforced plastic parts shall meet the following requirements:
a) Defects like poor dipping, poor solidification, bubbles, cut surface layering,
non-uniform thickness are disallowed;
b) The part surface shall be free from such defects as fracture, damage, obvious
burl mark, exposed woven design, ruffle, unevenness and inconsistent colour,
and shall also be transited smoothly with burrs at corners;
c) The direct connection of fiberglass reinforced plastic parts with the stressed
parts shall have adequate strength, otherwise, metal pieces shall be
embedded;
d) The mechanical properties of the fiberglass reinforced plastic parts shall be in

accordance with those specified in Table 7.
Table 7 Mechanical Properties of Fiberglass Reinforced Plastic Parts

Item Indicator
GB 8408-2008
Tensile strength / MPa ≥78

Bending strength / MPa ≥147
Elastic modulus / MPa ≥7.3×103
Impact ductility / J·cm-2 ≥11.7
8.3.5 If the driving wheels and the supporting wheels are manufactured with rubber
or nylon materials, their mechanical properties shall be respectively in accordance
with those specified in Table 8 and Table 9. If the rubber inflation wheels are
adopted, proper inflation pressure shall be adopted.
Table 8 Mechanical Properties of Rubber Materials

Item Indicator
Tensile strength / MPa ≥12
Elongation at break/ % ≥400
Wear loss / cm3·(1.61km)-1 ≤0.9
Bond strength of rubber with iron core / MPa ≥1.30
Hardness / shore A hardness (recommended values) 7085
Table 9 Mechanical Properties of Nylon Materials

Item Indicator
Tensile strength / MPa > 73.6
Bending strength/ MPa >138
-2
Impact ductility / J·cm >39.2
Hardness /HB >21
Heat distortion temperature / °C >70
8.3.6 Where polyurethane solid wheels are adopted, the mechanical properties of
their materials shall be in accordance with those specified in Table 10.
Table 10 Mechanical Properties of Polyurethane Materials

300% tensile Rupture Elongation at Permanent Stripping
Hardness (Shore A
modulus strength break deformation strength
hardness)
(MPa) (MPa) (%) (%) (N / m)
80±5 ≥10 ≥35 ≥450 ≤15 40×103
90±5 ≥12 ≥40 ≥450 ≤20 50×103
≥95 ≥14 ≥45 ≥400 ≤30 60×103
8.4 Processing of important parts
8.4.1 The dimensions and dimensional deviation, surface roughness, form and
position tolerance and heat treatment state of the machined parts shall meet the
requirements of drawings.
8.4.2 The surface roughness Ra value of the fitting surface of important shaft and jib
pin shall not be larger than 1.6μm.
8.4.3 The important shafts and jib pins should be treated through quenching and
tempering and their hardness shall meet those specified in GB/T 699 and GB/T 3077.
The hardened and tempered parts shall be carried out with flaw detection.
8.5 Structural members
8.5.1 The structure form and processing technique of structural members shall take
the stressing conditions into account, and the stress concentration of the structure shall
GB 8408-2008
be reduced.
8.5.2 In addition to the stressing conditions, the division of structural units shall take
notice of the economy and rationality and the convenience for transportation, stacking,
hoisting and assembly.
8.5.3 The installation and connection of structural members shall be adopted with
such structure forms that are reliable in force transmission, convenient for fabrication,
easy to connect and convenient for adjustment.
8.5.4 The stressed frames of support, lift car and vehicle of the passenger carrying
part shall be manufactured with metallic materials, and the entire structure shall be firm.
8.6 Welding
8.6.1 The weld connection shall comply with those specified in Article 8.2 of GB
50017-2003.
8.6.2 The requirements on welding quality shall comply with those specified in GB/T
12467.4.
8.6.3 The basic form and size of the weld groove shall comply with those specified in
GB/T 985.
8.6.4 The electrodes for manual welding use shall comply with those specified in
GB/T 5117, GB/T 5118 and GB/T 983. The types of the selected electrodes shall be
appropriate to the material of the major structure and the load type borne by the welds.
8.6.5 The important welds directly related to the personal safely shall be carried out
with welding procedure qualification, the welding shall be conducted in strict
accordance with the guidebook for the welding procedure works, and the welds shall
be carried out with flaw detection.
8.6.6 The welds shall be free from such defects as missing solder, burning through,
cracks, incomplete penetration, severe undercut, megascopic gas cavities and slag
inclusion. All the weld beadings and slag shall be cleared off.
8.6.7 The fillet welds directly bearing variable loads shall adopt the full penetration
structure.
8.6.8 The welding of structural members shall adopt appropriate process to reduce
deformation, and the members may be heat-treated if necessary to relieve the residual
stress.
8.7 Connection by bolts and jib pins
8.7.1 Where the important spare parts are adopted with bolted connection, measures
against loosening shall be taken. The anti-looseness type shall be selected reasonably
according to different operating conditions.
8.7.2 The foundation bolts shall be taken with anti-looseness measures and shall
also comply with those specified in Section 1 of Chapter 4 of GB 50231-1998.
8.7.3 Proper measures against shedding shall be adopted when the spare parts are
connected by jib pins.
GB 8408-2008
8.7.4 The bolted connection with requirement on pre-tightening force shall comply
with those specified in Article 5.2.3 of GB 50231-1998.
8.7.5 The erection of high strength bolts shall comply with the relevant regulations
given in Section 2 of Chapter 5 of GB 50231-1998.
8.7.6 As for the bolts of which the strength grade is 6.8, 8.8 and 10.9, the permissible
pre-tightening force and torque of pre-tightened bolts and fitted bolts that can be
transmitted in axial direction are detailed in Table 11.
Table 11 Permissible Pre-tightening Force and Tightening Torque of Bolts

Bolt Permissible pre-tightening force (kN) Permissible tightening torque (Nm)
specification 6.8 8.8 10.9 6.8 8.8 10.9
M8 14 16 23 21 25 35
M10 22 26 37 41 49 69
M12 31 37 50 70 84 120
M16 60 71 100 176 206 350
M20 94 111 160 338 402 600
M22 116 138 190 456 539 900
M24 135 160 220 588 696 1100
M27 177 210 290 873 1030 1650
M30 216 257 350 1177 1422 2200
M33 275 326 459 1668 1977 2784
M36 323 328 510 2134 2524 3340
8.8 Equipment foundation
8.8.1 The civil work foundation or building of amusement device must be constructed
in accordance with the design drawing and technical documents, and shall be accepted
by the relevant agency before installing the device.
8.8.2 When installing the amusement device, the reference for installation shall be
established according to the requirements of design drawing and technical documents,
and the reference for installation shall be measured and checked after being centered
and leveled.
8.8.3 The foundation works of large scale amusement devices shall comply with
those specified in GB 50010 and GB 50007.
8.8.4 The quality requirement of the foundation shall comply with those specified in
GB 50204 and GB 50202.
8.8.5 The allowable deviations for the dimension and position of the foundation of
large scale amusement device shall be in accordance with those specified in Table 12.
GB 8408-2008
Table 12 Allowable Deviations for Foundation

Allowable deviation
Item
(mm)
Coordinate position (longitudinal and transversal lines) ±20
Elevations of different planes -20
Physical dimension of plane ±20
Per meter 5
Levelness of plane
Full length 10
Per meter 5
Verticality
Full length 10
Elevation (at top) +20

Embedded foundation bolt
Center distance (measured at the root and
±2
top)
Elevation +20
Central position ±5
Anchor slab of embedded mobile
foundation bolt
Levelness (fluted anchor slab), per meter 5
Levelness ( anchor slab with screwed hole),

2
per meter
8.8.6 The oil stain, crushed stone, soil and water at the foundation surface and in the
preformed holes of foundation bolts shall be cleared off, the threads and nuts of
foundation bolt shall be protected in good condition, and the surface of places for
placing iron gaskets shall be leveled.
8.8.7 The iron gaskets shall comply with the relevant regulations specified in Section
2 of Chapter 4 of GB 50231-1998.
8.8.8 The foundation bolts should not be used to bear the horizontal counter stress
at the foundation bottom, and this horizontal counter stress shall be borne by the
frictional force between the soleplate and the concrete foundation (the friction factor
may be taken as 0.4) or by installing shear-resistant structure.
8.8.9 The foundation shall be free from such abnormal phenomena as uneven
settlement, cracking and looseness that will affect the normal operation of amusement
device. The foundation of movable amusement device shall be flat, smooth and solid,
and shall also meet the installation requirements of device.
8.8.10 The foundation required prepressing shall be qualified after prepressing and
shall have the prepressing settlement records.
8.9 Assembling
8.9.1 All the spare parts (including purchased parts and cooperation parts) entering
into assembling step shall be qualified through inspection according to the relevant
inspection specifications before assembling. Before assembling, the spare parts shall
be pre-treated in accordance with the relevant regulations stated in Section 1 of
Chapter 5 of GB 50231-1998.
8.9.2 All the sealing elements must be immersed in oil before assembling.
8.9.3 The main fit size of the components and parts, especially the tight fit size and
GB 8408-2008
the relevant precision, shall be rechecked before assembling.
8.9.4 The fasteners having the requirement on tightening torque shall adopt the
torque spanner and the fastening action shall be done according to the specified
tightening torque.
8.9.5 When assembling the tapered pins, the pins and the holes shall be carried out
with smear test, and their contact ratio shall be larger than 60% of their fit length and
shall be distributed uniformly.
8.9.6 The assembling of such connecting pieces as bolts, keys, jib pins and
positioning pins shall comply with the relevant requirements stated in Section 2 of
Chapter 5 of GB 50231-1998.
8.9.7 The assembling of sliding bearing, rolling bearing, clutch, brake, coupling, gear,
chain and tight fit piece shall comply with the relevant regulations stated in Sections 3,
4, 5, 6 and 8 of Chapter 5 in GB 50231-1998.
8.10 Requirements on installation accuracy
8.10.1 The levelness tolerance of the datum plane (such as the upper surface of
equipment base plate) for the installation of equipment shall not be larger than 1/1000.
8.10.2 After installing and positioning the important upright columns, the verticality
tolerance of their horizontal planes shall not be larger than 1/1000.
8.10.3 The permissible error of rail space is -3~5mm.
8.11 End installation of steel wire rope
8.11.1 The ends of the steel wire ropes must be fixed with clamp devices, the fixing
methods are different and the strength of the ends are different (expressed in
efficiency). Generally, the efficiency of the fixing method of ends shall be in accordance
with those specified in Table 13.
Table 13 End Fixing Method of Steel Wire Rope

Efficiency
Fixing method Name Remarks
%
Fixing with babbitt Generally named as "battitt

100
metal metal method"
The rate of the improper

Fixing with rope
80~85 processed rope clamps is less
clamps
than 50%
The rate of the improper

Fixing with wedge
65~70 processed wedge blocks is
blocks
less than 50%
Diameter of steel wire rope

(mm)
Peach-shape ring
80~90 Bellow φ16 90%
knitting method
φ16~26 85%
φ28~38 80%
Peach-shape ring
90~100
rope clamp
GB 8408-2008
8.11.2 When fixing with rope clamps, the U-shaped bolts shall be threw on one the
short side of steel wire rope, as shown in Figure 6.
Correct method wrong methods
Figure 6 Fixing Method of Rope Clamps
8.11.3 The diameter of steel wire rope at important position and the quantity and
space of rope clamps shall be in accordance with those specified in Table 14.
Table 14 Quantity and Space of Steel Wire Rope Clamps

Diameter of steel wire rope Quantity of rope clamps Space between rope clamps
(mm) (piece) (mm)
<9 3 50
9~16 4 80~100
18 5 110
22 5 130
24 5 150
28 5 180
32 6 200
36 7 230
38 8 250
8.12 Painting
8.12.1 The anti-corrosive painting shall be conducted by adopting corresponding

technologies and materials based on different materials and different working
environments for the purpose of effective anticorrosion treatment.
8.12.2 Before painting, all the surfaces of the metal workpieces to be painted must
be free of rust, oxide scale, grease and dust. If the welding parts require heat treatment,
the de-rusting procedure shall be arranged after the heat treatment procedure. The de-
rusting method, grade and its application scope shall be implemented according to the
relevant regulations stated in JB/T 5000.12.
8.12.3 The requirements on painting construction shall be implemented according to

the relevant regulations stated in JB/T 5000.12.
8.13 Inspection
8.13.1 The received raw materials must pass the tests of the inspection department
before warehousing, the important materials shall have the quality evidentiary
documents and shall also be inspected on the mechanical properties and physical and
chemical properties if necessary.
8.13.2 The matched standard machinery and electric products shall have the quality
certificate and operation instruction, and shall be carried out with proof testes on their
properties if necessary.
GB 8408-2008
8.13.3 The processing and assembling of important spare parts shall be carried out
in strict accordance with the technological documents, and they shall be inspected
according to the relevant standards and specifications prior to entering into the next
procedure.
8.13.4 Before entering into the next procedure of processing, the important welds
must be qualified through inspection.
8.13.5 The important shafts and jib pins related to personal safely shall be carried
out with 100% ultrasonic and magnetic particle flaw detection or permeation flaw
detection. The important welds related to personal safely shall be carried out with 100%
magnetic particle or permeation flaw detection. The ultrasonic flaw detection method
and quality evaluation shall be implemented according to relevant regulations stated
in GB/T 4162, and the proof mass grade shall not be less than Grade A. The ultrasonic
flaw detection method and quality evaluation for such parts in thickness above 250mm
shall be implemented according to relevant regulations stated in GB/T 6402, and the
proof mass grade shall not be less than Grade 2. The magnetic particle inspection
method and the quality evaluation shall be implemented according to relevant
regulations stated in JB/T 4730, and the proof mass grade shall not be less than Grade
III. The permeation flaw detection method and the quality evaluation shall be
implemented according to relevant regulations stated in JB/T 4730, and the proof mass
grade shall not be less than Grade III. Where it is necessary to conduct radiographic
flaw detection on welds, the detection method and quality evaluation shall be
implemented according to relevant regulations stated in JB/T 4730, and the proof mass
grade shall not be less than Grade II.
8.13.6 After completing the installation of the complete engine, detailed examination
shall be carried out to confirm that all is in good order, and the no-load, full-load and
unbalance load tests shall be done and the relevant records shall be noted down.
8.13.7 Only after the items rejected in the complete engine examination are corrected
and qualified through re-inspection, the qualification test report of products can be
issued.
8.13.8 The manufacturer shall train operating and maintenance personnel for users,
do the after-sales service for users well and timely provide spare products and parts
for users.
9 Application and Management

9.1 Basic requirements
9.1.1 To buy large scale amusement devices, the using unit must provide the local
weather, power supply, earthquake and geological data for the design and production
organizations to verify.
9.1.2 The safety and service quality of the amusement park (site) shall comply with
those specified in GB/T 16767.
9.1.3 The using unit shall prepare the detailed rules and regulations on operation,
periodic inspection and maintenance respectively in accordance with different
amusement devices, establish the management system and the post responsibility
system of maintenance personnel and choose the management, operation and
maintenance personnel who pass the examinations after training to conduct
maintenance and operation.
GB 8408-2008
9.1.4 The using unit must conduct necessary inspection on various amusement
devices every day prior to starting, and shall put the devices into formal operation after
making sure that the devices have no problems and pass the test run, and it shall also
note down the operation records well.
9.1.5 The using unit shall conduct a relatively comprehensive inspection and
maintenance on various amusement devices every half of year, and shall record and
archive the inspection conditions, overhauling contents and handling results.
9.1.6 "passenger notice" shall be published at the obvious position of the amusement
device. The operation and service personnel shall publicize the precautions to
passengers at any time and prevent the dangerous behaviors of passengers.
9.1.7 The using unit shall organize business training and safety education for the
operation, management and maintenance personnel periodically, and shall issue work
license after they pass the examinations.
9.1.8 The using unit shall provide requirements on the age and height of children
which are intended to ride in such amusement device not for children based on the
device type and the operation characteristics, etc.
9.1.9 On bad weather or in such emergency cases as device being out of service or
power off or the above-mentioned conditions may happen, the using unit must take
emergency measures and stop the device.
9.1.10 The using unit shall abide by the periodic inspection system and apply and
report timely in accordance with the relevant provisions.
9.2 Emergency accident treatment and rescue
9.2.1 The operation organization of amusement devices must prepare emergency

accident handling and rescue plan and shall conduct actual operation exercises
periodically. The contents of the plan shall at least include the following several aspects:
— When the power source is off or the device is out of service so that the
passengers' safety is endangered;
— When meeting such natural disasters as lightning, storm and earthquake

suddenly;
— When explosion or fire hazard happens;
— When personal injuries happen;
— When the passenger is suffered from acute diseases suddenly;
— Various information related to accident handling and rescue.
9.2.2 Necessary rescue facilities shall be equipped at the site as required, for
instance: emergency generators, internal-combustion engines, access ladders, safety
walkways, rescue ropes, first aid kits and fire extinguishers, etc. There rescue facilities
shall be inspected regularly to make them be at good and valid state.
9.2.3 The persons concerned must be trained to make them master the on
emergency accident handling and rescue knowledges and the actual operation
methods.
GB 8408-2008
9.3 The examination of the rails, wheels and shafts of amusement devices shall be
in accordance with those specified in Table 15~17, and they shall be replaced timely
when they exceed the allowable values.
Table 15 Allowable Abrasion Value of Rails

Rail shape Abrading section Allowable value
Section steel rail Being less than 20% of the original thickness
Step surface and lateral surface
Steel pipe rail Being less than 15% of the original thickness
Table 16 Allowable Abrasion Value of Coaster Wheels

Type Allowable value
Main wheel Being less than 2.5% of the original diameter and not exceeding 6mm at most
Side wheel and bottom wheel Being less than 2.5% of the original diameter and not exceeding 4mm at most
Table 17 Allowable Abrasion and Corrosion Values of Important Shafts

Type Allowable value Inspection cycle
Abrasion loss of the Being less than 0.8% of the original diameter and not exceeding Measuring once
diameter of shaft 1mm at most every year
Being less than 1% of the original diameter (including the pits) Measuring once
Corrosion loss of shaft
and not exceeding 1mm at most after polishing every year
9.4 The steel wire ropes for driving and lifting shall be discarded once they appear
with any one of the following conditions:
— The steel wire ropes for driving and lifting use have broken wires or are abraded
over the allowable value (see Table 18);
— The whole rope strand is broken;
— The fibre core or steel wires of the steel wire rope (or the internal rope strand
of multi-layer rope strands) are broken, which causes the rope strand reducing
evidently;
— The steel wire rope is loosened severely as pits appear in the surface of steel
wire rope due to external corrosion;
— It is proved that severe internal corrosion has happened;
— The cage shape is distorted;
— The rope strands are crowded out, which generally is accompanied by the
distortion of cage shape;
— The diameter is severely enlarged or reduced at local positions;
— The rope is bent, kinked or pressed locally;
— Recognizable color appears on the rope surface due to the action of special
thermal force;
— The rope is used over the service life specified in the design or in the relevant
technical regulations.
Table 18 Allowable Values for the Broken Wires and Abrasion of Steel Wire Rope
Abrasion state Allowable value
GB 8408-2008
The number of broken steel wires within a

The broken steel wires are at uniform distribution state
single lay length of each strand is three
Although the broken steel wires are at uniform distribution state,
however, the residual sectional area of abraded steel wires is less The number of broken steel wires within a
than 80% of the original sectional area or the steel wires are corroded single lay length of each strand is two
severely
The total number of broken steel wires
The steel wires are broken at one point or especially concentrated on
within a single lay length is ten for six
at one strand
strands and twelve for eight strands
Above 90% of the original diameter of steel
Diameter of abraded steel wire rope
wire rope
GB 8408-2008
Appendix A
(Informative)
Examples for Load Calculation of the Hanging Shaft of Brave
Turntable
A.1 Gravity
The sum of the mass of brave turntable cabin and the passengers on it is G. The
distance between the gravity center of cabin and the rotating shaft is L and the cabin
gravity is always perpendicular to the ground.
A.2 Centripetal force
During the moving process of the cabin, the size and direction of its centripetal force n
keep changing, and the maximum centripetal acceleration (expressed in the times of
the gravity acceleration g) is:
2
v max
a max 
gR
The maximum centripetal force nmax hereby may be calculated.
A.3 Geometrical relationship of turntable with the stress on it (see Figure A.1)
The included angle between turntable and ground is α, the included angle between
gravity G and centripetal force is θ; and the included angle between the radius at any
position of cabin and the horizontal line of turntable passing through the center is β.
Figure A.1 Geometrical Relationship Diagram of Turntable with the Loads on it
A.4 Combination of gravity and centripetal force
As the size and direction of the centripetal force are always changing, the included
angle θ between the gravity and centripetal force is also always changing, therefore,
the size and direction of the resultant force P of gravity G and centripetal force n is
always changing, and the maximum resultant force Pmax shall be calculated.
The angle relation is   90   sin 
GB 8408-2008
The resultant force is P  G 2  n 2  2Gn cos 

Pmax  G 2  nmax
2
 2Gnmax cos  min
GB 8408-2008
Appendix B
(Normative)
Description to the "Name" Column in Table 2
B.1 Important shafts and axis pins: they refer to the shafts and axis pins directly
related to the safety of human and device, for instance: the main shaft and central shaft
of amusement device, the support shaft, hanging shaft of carrier, important driving
shafts, wheel axles, the upper and lower axis pins of hoist cylinder (air cylinder), upper
and lower axis pins of the lifting arm of carrier, the shoulder-type rod pressing shaft as
well as the axis pins of the hold-back and anti-tipping devices, etc.
B.2 Important welds: they refer to the welds directly related to the personnel safety,
such as welds on support member of carrier, welds on the upper and lower support
members of hoist cylinder (air cylinder), welds on the support member at the slinging
point of carrier, butt welds on rail, welds on vehicle connectors, welds on frame of lift
cabin, etc.
B.3 General structure members: moving parts (excluding important driving shaft),
and members such as shaft, sway brace, upright column, frame, truss and rail that are
not directly related to the personnel safety.
GB 8408-2008
Appendix C
(Informative)
Examples for Calculation of Speed and Acceleration of
Coaster
C.1 Operating speed calculation of train
The speed of the train moving from any one Point i to Point (i+1) shall be calculated
according to the law of energy conservation of the train:
C.1.1 The ith calculation point

1 2
Kinetic energy Eid   5mvi
2
5
Potential energy Eip   mgHij

j 1
Where:
m — the mass of single train, the total number of trains is j (j=5);

vi — the speed of train at the i calculation point (m/s);
th
g — the gravity acceleration, g =9.8m/s2;
H ij — the height of the jth train at the ith calculation point (m).
C.1.2 The (i+1)th calculation point

1 2
Ei 1 d   5mvi 1
Kinetic energy 2
5
E i  ip  
j 1
mgH i 1 j
Potential energy
5
1
Ei、i 1g  mg  (cos  ij  cos  i 1、j ) fs i、i 1、j
Friction loss of gravity
2 j 1
2 2
1 5 vi v
E i、i 1n  m (  i 1 ) f .s i、i 1、j
2 j 1 Rij Ri 1、j
Friction loss of centripetal force
Where:
V i 1 — the train speed (m/s) at the (i+1)th calculation point, which is same for j
trains;
H i 1、j
— the height (m) of the jth train at the (i+1)th calculation point, j=1~5;
cos  ij
— the cosine in the direction of normal lines (vertical rail) of the jth train at
the ith calculation point;
cos  i 1、j
— the cosine in the direction of normal lines (vertical rail) of the jth train
at the (i+1)th calculation point;
S i、i 1、j
— The arc length (m) of the gravity center path lines of the jth train at the
GB 8408-2008
ith and (i+1)th calculation points;

Rij
— the curvature radius of the gravity center path line at the ith calculation point
(m);
Ri 1、j
— the curvature radius of the gravity center path line at the (i+1)th
calculation point (m).
According to the energy balance:

5 5 5
1 1 1
 5mvi   mgH ij   5mvi 1   mgH i 1、j  mg  (cos  ij  cos  i 1、j ) fs i、i 1、j 
2 2
2 j 1 2 j 1 2 j 1
1 5 vi2 v2
m (  i 1 ) fsi、i 1、j
2 j 1 Rij Ri 1、j
5 
5
v2 
5vi2  2 g  ( H ij  H i 1、j )    g (cos  ij  cos  i 1、j )  i  fs i、i 1、j
j 1 j 1  Rij 
vi21  5 fs
5
i、i 1、j
j 1 Ri 1、j
C.2 Calculation of the acceleration in curve section
ai+1= V2i+1 / Ri+1
Where:
ai+1 — the acceleration at the (i+1) point;
Vi+1 — the speed at the (i+1) point;
Ri+1 — the curvature radius at the (i+1) point.
GB 8408-2008
Appendix D
(Informative)
Calculation of the Cross Dip of Rail
When the coaster amusement devices slide at curved rail, the rail must have a
inclination angle α transversally to ensure the uniform loads on the rail and the comfort
of tourists. At a certain speed, the cross dip α shall make the sliding device be free
from lateral force.
D.1 When longitudinal inclination angle exists along the rail
v 2 cos 2 
tg  (Cross dip of rail may be obtained)
2
Rh ( g cos   )
Rv
Where:
v — the speed of sliding device (m/s);
 — the longitudinal inclination angle along the rail;
Rh — the horizontal radius of the rail;
Rv — the vertical radius of the rail ("+" means concave and "-" means convex).
D.2 If longitudinal inclination angle does not exist along the rail
tanα=v2/ Rhg (Cross dip of rail may be obtained)
__________ END __________

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(GB 8408-2008) - Amusement Devices Safety Code

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GB 8408-2008

Translated English of Chinese Standard: GB4287-2012

Amusement Device Safety Code

Issued on: February 14, 2008 Implemented on: August 1, 2008

2 Normative References ............................................................................. 7

4 Basic Design Specification...................................................................... 9

5 Driving System ....................................................................................... 20

6 Electricity ................................................................................................ 23

7 Safety Requirements and Safety Devices ............................................ 25

8 Manufacturing and Installation ............................................................. 31

9 Application and Management................................................................ 40

Appendix A (Informative) Examples for Load Calculation of the Hanging

Shaft of Brave Turntable.............................................................................. 44

Appendix B (Normative) Description to the "Name" Column in Table 2

Appendix C (Informative) Examples for Calculation of Speed and

Acceleration of Coaster ............................................................................... 47

Appendix D (Informative) Calculation of the Cross Dip of Rail ............. 49

a) The name of the former standard "Safety of Amusement Machines and

— Definition of "amusement device" was added;

— Article 3.3 of the former standard was deleted.

c) Chapter 4 "Basic Requirements" of the former standard was deleted; this

d) Three chapters was added in the revised standard:

— Chapter 5 “Driving System”;

— Chapter 7 “Safety Requirements and Safety Devices”.

e) The provisions on the speed and inclination angle of rotating amusement

The following contents were added in this chapter:

— Loads of amusement devices: including various loads and the

— Design calculation: including stress, fatigue strength, rigidity, stability,

— Allowable acceleration value: the allowable values of the vertical, lateral

1) Mainly the following contents of the mechanical driving system are

— Requirements on the gear drive were added;

2) Mainly the following contents of the hydraulic (pneumatic) driving system

— Some provisions on guaranteeing safety of design and component

— Provisions on the maximum descent speed of running gear when the

— Provisions on hoses and their assembly were provided;

— Requirements on the installation of hydraulic cylinder and the debugging

h) Chapter 6 “Electricity": mainly the following contents were added or modified:

— Requirements on adoption of wireless remote control and proximity switch;

— Requirements of the selection of residual current protective device;

— Requirements on multiple steel wire rope driving;

— Modifications in the requirements on lightning grounding;

— Grounding type of low-voltage distribution system was modified.

I) Chapter 7 “Safety Requirements and Safety Devices": mainly the following

— Contents on safety analysis, safety assessment and safety control were

— The requirements on anti-collision and buffer devices, speed-limiting and

— Safety distance above the people carrying part was specified;

— Requirements on the safety aspect of water amusement device were

j) Chapter 10 “Manufacturing and Installation":

The relevant clauses in the chapter of "Manufacturing and Installation" in the

— Metallic materials and standard parts: including the requirements on the

— Nonmetal materials: including the requirements on the mechanical

— Processing of important parts;

— Structural parts: contents on the division, installation and connection of

— Welding: contents on that the welding shall be adopted with proper

— Requirements on the equipment foundation were supplemented;

— Requirements on the assembling and installation accuracy were added.

k) Chapter 9 “Application and Management":

— Requirements on the periodic inspection and reporting of amusement

— Requirements on the emergency accident rescue prediction scheme,

— Requirements on the retirement of steel wire ropes were added;

— Table 7 (allowable values of elongation and abrasion of hoisting chain) and

— Appendix A (Descriptions to Different Parts of Amusement Rides) of the