Law Enforcement  Administration - the process involved in ensuring strict compliance,

proper obedience of laws and related statutes. Focuses on the policing process  or how law enforcement
agencies are organized and manage in order to achieve the goals of law enforcement most effectively,
efficiently and productively.

Law - the system of rules that a particular country or community recognizes as regulating the actions of
its members and may enforce by the imposition of penalties.

1
Enforcement - means to compel obedience to a law, regulation or command.

Administration - an organizational process concerned with the implementation of objectives and plans

and internal operating efficiency. Connotes bureaucratic structure and behavior,
relative routine decision-making and maintenance of the internal order.

Sir Robert Peel - considered a "father of law enforcement".

Sir Robert  Peels  Nine Principles of Policing

2
1. The basic mission for which the police exist is
to prevent crime and disorder.
2. The ability of the police to perform their
duties is dependent upon public approval of
police actions.
3. Police must secure the willing cooperation of
the public in voluntary observance of the law to
be able to secure  necessary to secure observance of the law or to
    and maintain the respect of the public.
4. The degree of cooperation of the public that
can be secured diminishes proportionally to the
necessity of the use
    of force.
5. Police seek and preserve public favor not by
catering to public opinion but by constantly
demonstrating absolute  
    impartial service to the law.
6. Police use physical force to the extent
restore order only when 
    the expertise of persuasion, advice and
warning is found to be insufficient.
3
7. Police at all time should maintain 8. police should always direct their actions
a relationship with the public that gives reality strictly towards their functions and never
to the historic tradition; the appear to usurp the powers 
    police are the public and the public are the     of the judiciary.
police. The police being only full 9. The test of police efficiency is  the absence of
time individuals charged with the  crime and disorder not the visible evidence of
    duties that are incumbent on all of the police action in 
citizens.     dealing with it.

4
Administration of Police Organization

Police - one of the pillars of the criminal justice systemthat has the specific responsibility of
maintaining law and order and combating crime within the society.
         - comes from Latin "politia"-civil administration which itself derives from the ancient Greek
police "city"

Administration - an organizational process concerned with the implementation of objectives and plans
and internal operating efficiency.
Organization - a group of persons working together for a common goal or objectives.

Police Organization - a group of trained personnel in the field of public safety administration engaged in
the achievement of goals and objectives that promotes the maintenance of peace and order, protection of
life and property, enforcement of the laws and the prevention of crimes.

Enforcement - means to compel obedience to a law, regulation or command.

Law Enforcement Agency - pertains to an organization responsible for enforcing the laws.
Objectives - refer to the purpose by which the organization was created. Refer to the goals of the
organization.

Supervision - means the act of watching over the work or tasks of the members of the organization to
ensure that desired results are achieved.

Management - the process of directing and facilitating the work of people organized in formal groups in
order to achieve objectives. Judicious or wise use of resources (manpower, material,money,equipment,
supplies and time).
Hierarchy - represents the formal relationship among superiors and subordinates in any given
organization. Serves as the framework for the flow of authority downward and obedience upward,
through the department.

Authority - the right to command and control the behavior of employees in lower positions within an
organizational hierarchy. Must be viewed in terms of prescribed roles rather than of individuals.
A particular position within the organization. Carries the same regardless of who occupies that position.

Management/Administrative Functions
1. Planning
2. Organizing
3. Directing 
4. Controlling
5. staffing
6. Reporting
7. Budgeting

Principles of efficient Management

* Division of work - work specialization can increase efficiency with the same amount of effort.

* Authority and Responsibility- authority  includes the right to command and the power to require 
obedience. One can not have authority without responsibility.

* Discipline - necessary for an organization to function   effectively, however, the state of the
disciplinary process depends upon the quality of its leaders.

* Unity of Command - subordinate should receive  orders from one superior only.

* Scalar Chain - the hierarchy of authority is the order of ranks from the highest to the lowest levels of
the organization. Shows the vertical hierarchy of the organization which defines an unbroken chain
of units from top to bottom describing explicitly the flow of authority.
Organizational Units in the Police Organization

1. Functional Units
    
   Bureau - the largest organic functional unit within a large department; comprised of several divisions.

    Division - a primary subdivision of a bureau.

    Section - functional unit within a division that is necessary for specialization.

    Unit - functional group within a section or the smallest functional group within an organization.

2. Territorial Units 

    Post - a fixed point or location to which an officer is  assigned for duty.

    Route - a length of streets designated for patrol  purpose, also called line beat.

Beat - an area designed for patrol purposes  whether foot or motorized.

    Sector - an area containing two or more beat,  route or post.

    
District - a geographical subdivision of a city for  patrol purposes, usually with its own station.
 
    Area - a section or territorial division of a large city  each comprised of designated districts.

EVOLUTION OF THE POLICING SYSTEM

ORIGIN OF THE WORD “POLICE”

POLITEIA – Greek word which means government of the city

POLITIA – Roman word which means condition of the state or government

POLICE – French word which was later adopted by the English language

THEORIES OF POLICE SERVICE

1.  HOME RULE THEORY- policemen are regarded as servants of the community, who rely for the
efficiency of their functions upon the express needs of the people - policemen are civil servants whose key
duty is the preservation of public peace and security.
2. CONTINENTAL THEORY- policemen are regarded as state or servants of the higher authorities- the
people have no share or have little participation with the duties nor connection with the police
organization.

CONCEPTS OF POLICE SERVICE

1. OLD CONCEPT- police service gives the impression of being merely a suppressive machinery- this
philosophy advocates that the measurement of police competence is the increasing number of arrests,
throwing offenders in detention facilities rather than trying to prevent them from committing crimes
2. MODERN CONCEPT
- regards police as the first line of defense of the criminal justice system, an organ of crime prevention
- police efficiency is measured by the decreasing number
  of crimes
- broadens police activities to cater to social services  and has for its mission the welfare of the
individual
  as well as that of the community in general.

EARLY POLICING SYSTEM

1. KIN POLICING- the family of the offended individual was expected to assume responsibility for justice
- the family of the victim was allowed to exact  vengeance
2. EGYPT
- ancient rulers had elite unit to protect them
- created the MEDJAYS, a form of police force whoseduties include guarding of the tombs and
apprehending
thieves
- introduced the use of dogs as guards and protectors.
3. ROME
- created the first organized police force calledVIGILES OF ROME, or VIGILES URBANI (watchmen of
the
city), which had the primary task of firefighting andpolicing
- the Vigiles acted as night watch, apprehendinng  thieves, keeping an eye out for burglars and hunting 
down runaway slaves, and were on occasion used to maintain order in the streets
- the Vigiles dealt primarily with petty crimes and  looked for disturbances of the peace while they 
patrolled the streets
- created a special unit called PRAETORIAN GUARDS, a  special force of guards used by Roman Emperors
as the  Emperors' personal guards
- as personal guards of the Emperor, their primary duty  was to protect the Emperor from assassination
and  other forms of attack against the Emperor.
4. ENGLAND
a) FRANKPLEDGE SYSTEM/MUTUAL PLEDGE SYSTEM
- required all males aged 12 and above to join a group of nine to form a TYTHING
- members of the tything are called a TYTHINGMEN
- a CONSTABLE served as a leader of ten tythings

- the primary task of the things was to protect their  village from thieves and animals
- tythings were later organized into SHIRES
- a shire was headed by a leader called SHIRE REEVE,  which is the origin of the word “sheriff”
- their duty was to apprehend offenders
b) PARISH CONSTABLES
- a parish official charged with controlling crimes
- appointed to serve for one year
- duties included organizing watchmen to guard the        gates
- during trouble, the watchman would raise a “HUE AND  CRY”, a call to arms where the rest of the
parish  would stop what they were doing and come to the aid          of the constable.

MODERN POLICING SYSTEM

1) ENGLAND
  
  a. BOWSTREET RUNNERS  - a group of men      organized to arrest offenders.
          - organized by Henry Fielding, a magistrate in            London,in 1749 in London, England.
          - the name was adopted from the name of the street        where  the office  of Henry Fielding was
located.
          - when Henry Fielding retired as magistrate, he was  replaced by his blind brother, John Fielding
        b. METROPOLITAN POLICE OF ACT 1829
          - the law that created the first modern police force in    London England, called the Metropolitan
Police      Service.
          - this law was passed through the initiative of Sir Robert Peel, a member of the Parliament
          - the headquarters of the Metropolitan Police Service  is the Scotland Yard, now known as the
New      Scotland Yard

SIR ROBERT PEEL - recognized as the father of modern policing system.

2. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
    a. NEW YORK POLICE DEPARTMENT
     - created in 1845 in New York, USA
     - recognized as the first modern style police     department in the US.
     - the largest police force in the world
     - modeled after the Metropolitan Police Service of London
    b. BOSTON POLICE DEPARTMENT
     - the oldest police department in the US
     - the first night watch was established in Boston in1631.
     - formally founded in May, 1854.
AUGUST VOLLMER - recognized as the Father of Modern Law Enforcement for his contributions in the
development of the field of criminal justice in the US
- author of the book, Police Administration, which served as the basic guide in the administration of the
police organization in the US
- was the first police chief of Berkeley, California.

Important Personalities in the Evolution of Philippine Policing

Brig.Gen. Rafael Crame - the first Filipino Chief of the Philippine Constabulary in 1917.
Col. Antonio Torres - the first Filipino Chief of Police of the Manila Police Department in 1935.

Col. Lambert Javalera -  the first chief of police of the Manila Police Department after the Philippine
Independence from the United States of America in 1946

Dir.Gen. Cesar Nazareno - the first chief of the Philippine National Police.

HIGHLIGHTS OF RA 6975 – THE DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT

ACT OF 
1990, RA 8551 – THE PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE REFORM AND REORGANIZATION ACT OF 
1998 and RA 9708
A. THE DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR AND LOCAL  
     GOVERNMENT (DILG)
    - formerly Department of Local Government (DLG)
    - reorganized under RA 6975

ORGANIZATION: - consist of:

a) the Department proper
b) existing bureaus and offices of the DLG
c) local government units (LGU)
    1) provincial governors
    2) city and municipal mayors
d) the National Police Commission
e) the Philippine Public Safety College

f) Philippine National Police

g) Bureau of Fire Protection
h) Bureau of Jail Management and Penology

  - the PPSC, PNP, BFP and BJMP were created under RA 6975
  - headed by the Secretary to be appointed by the  President and who shall serve at the pleasure of the
President
  - the Secretary shall be assisted by two (2)
   Undersecretaries and three (3) Assistant Secretaries
      a) Undersecretary for Local Government
      b) Undersecretary for Peace and Order
  - No retired or resigned military officer or police  official may be appointed as Secretary within one
   (1) year from date of retirement or resignation
  - the Secretary is also the ex officio chairman of the National Police Commission
  
POWERS AND FUNCTIONS OF THE DILG
1. Assist the President in the exercise of general  supervision over local governments;
2. Advise the President in the promulgation of policies, rules, regulations and other issuances on the
general
    supervision over local governments and on public  order and safety;
3. Establish and prescribe rules, regulations and other issuance's implementing laws on public order and
safety, the general supervision over local   governments and the promotion of local autonomy and
community empowerment and monitor compliance 
    thereof;
4. Provide assistance towards legislation regarding local governments, law enforcement and public
safety; Establish and prescribe plans, policies, programs and projects to promote peace and order,
ensure public  safety and further strengthen the administrative, technical and fiscal capabilities of local
government offices and personnel;
5. Formulate plans, policies and programs which will meet
    local emergencies arising from natural and man-made
    disasters; Establish a system of coordination and
    cooperation among the citizenry, local executives and
    the Department, to ensure effective and efficient
    delivery of basic services to the public;
6. Organize, train and equip primarily for the
    performance of police functions, a police force that
    is national in scope and civilian in character.
RELATIONSHIP OF THE DILG WITH THE DEPARTMENT OF NATIONAL DEFENSE (DND)
- under RA 6975, the Armed Forces of the Philippines
(AFP) was in charge with external security while the
DILG was in charge with internal security
- under RA 8551, the Armed Forces of the Philippines
is now in charge with both internal and external
security with the PNP as support through information
gathering and performance of ordinary police
functions.
NATIONAL POLICE COMMISSION
- an agency attached to the DILG for policy
   coordination
- shall exercise administrative control and
   operational supervision over the PNP.

VISION OF THE NAPOLCOM

"We envision the National Police Commission as a
highly dynamic, committed and responsive administering and
controlling body, actively and effectively facilitating the
evolvement of a highly professional, competent,
disciplined, credible and trustworthy PNP"
MISSION OF THE NAPOLCOM
"To administer and control the Philippine National
Police with the end in view of maintaining a highly
professional, competent, disciplined, credible and
trustworthy PNP”

POWERS AND FUNCTIONS OF THE NAPOLCOM

A. Exercise administrative control and operationalsupervision over the Philippine National Police
(PNP)   which
shall mean the power to:
 
1. Develop policies and promulgate a police manual
      prescribing rules and regulations for efficient organization, administration, and operation,
including
     

criteria for manpower allocation distribution and

      deployment, recruitment, selection, promotion, and
      retirement of personnel and the conduct of qualifying
      entrance and promotional examinations for   
      uniformed members;
  2. Examine and audit, and thereafter establish  
      standards for such purposes on a continuing basis, 
      the performance,activities, and facilities of all police
      agencies throughout the country;
  3. Establish a system of uniform crime reporting;
  4. Conduct annual self-report surveys and compile
      statistical data for accurate assessment of the crime
      situation and the proper evaluation of the efficiency  
      and effectiveness of all police units in the country;
  5. Approve or modify plans and programs on education  
      and training, logistical requirements, communications, 
      records,information systems, crime laboratory, crime
      prevention and crime reporting;
  6. Affirm, reverse or modify, through the National
      Appellate Board, personnel administrative actions  
      involving the demotion or dismissal from the service
      imposed upon members of the Philippine National  
      Police by the Chief of the Philippine National Police;
  7. Exercise appellate jurisdiction through the Regional
      Appellate Boards, over administrative cases against
      policemen and over decisions on claims for police     
      benefits;
  8. Prescribe minimum standards for arms, equipment,  
      and uniforms and, after consultation with the  
      Philippine Heraldry Commission, for insignia of ranks,
      awards, medals of honor;
  9. Issue subpoena and subpoena duces tecum in  
      matters pertaining to the discharge of its own 
      powers and duties,and designate who among its  
      personnel can issue processes and administer oaths
      in connection therewith;
  10. Inspect and assess the compliance of the PNP on  
        the established criteria for manpower allocation,
        distribution and deployment and their impact on the 
        community and the crime situation, and thereafter
        formulate appropriate guidelines for maximization of
        resources and effective utilization of the PNP  
        personnel;

  11. Monitor the performance of the local chief 

        executives  as deputies of the Commission; and
  12. Monitor and investigate police anomalies and
        irregularities.
B. Advise the President on all matters involving police
     functions and administration;

C. Render to the President and to Congress an annual  

     report of its activities and accomplishments during the
     thirty (30)days after the end of the calendar year,  
     which shall include an appraisal of the conditions
     obtaining in the organization and administration of  
     police agencies in the municipalities, cities and  
     provinces throughout the country, and  
     recommendations for appropriate remedial    
     legislations;

D. Recommend to the President, through the Secretary,

    within sixty (60) days before the commencement of 
    each calendar year, a crime prevention program; and
E. Perform such other functions necessary to carry out   
   
 the provisions of R.A. 6975, as amended, other  
    existing laws and Presidential issuance's, and as the  
    President may direct.

COMPOSITION OF NAPOLCOM
1. One chairperson
2. Four regular commissioner
3. The Chief PNP as ex officio member
Note:
    * shall serve a term of office of six (6) years
        without reappointment or extension
    * three of the four regular commissioners shall come
       from civilian sector and not former members of the
       police or military
    * the fourth regular commissioner shall come from the
       law enforcement sector either active or retired
    * at least one (1) of the four regular commissioners
       shall be a woman
    * from among the three regular commissioners from  
       the civilian sector, the Vice Chairperson shall be
       chosen
    * the Vice Chairperson shall act as the Executive
       Officer of the Commission
    * refer to the organizational structure of the
       NAPOLCOM

Important dates in the history of modern Philippine Policing

1901 - ACT no. 175 of the Philippine Commission established the Philippine constabulary on august 8,
1901.
1905 - the Philippine constabulary school was established at the sta.lucia barracks in Intramuros on
february 17, 1905.
1908 - the Philippine constabulary school was transferred to Baguio City.
1916 - the Philippine constabulary school was renamed academy for officers of the Philippine
constabulary.
1917 - on December 17, 1917, Brigadier General Rafael Crame from Rizal Province, became the first
Filipino chief of the Philippine constabulary.
1926 - the academy for officers of the Philippine constabulary was renamed Philippine Constabulary
Academy.
1936 - the Philippine Constabulary Academy became the present day Philippine Military Academy. 
1938 - The Philippine Constabulary became the existing and organized national police force of the
country pursuant to commonwealth act no. 343 dated June 23, 1938 and EO no. 389 dated December 23,
1950. This decree integrated local police forces into the Philippines constabulary operational and
organizational set up.
1966 - congress enacted RA no. 4864, the police act of 1966. This law also created the Police
Commission (POLCOM).
1972 - The POLCOM was reorganized as the National Police Commission.
1975 - PD 765 was enacted. This law is called the Police Integration Law of  1975. The Integrated
National Police was established with the Philippine Constabulary as nucleus under the Department of
national Defense. The NAPOLCOM, originally under the office of the President was transferred to the
Ministry of National defense.
1985 - The National Police Commission was returned to the office of the President pursuant to E.O 1040.
1989 - Executive order 379 placed the Integrated national Police directly under the command,
supervision and control of the President. This order vested the NAPOLCOM with the powers of
administrative control and supervision over the Integrated National Police.
1990 - RA 6975 was passed on December 13, 1990 establishing the Philippine National Police under a
reorganized Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG). A new National Police
Commission was created under the DILG.
1998 - congress passed into law RA no. 8551 on February 25, 1998, otherwise known as the Philippine
National Police reform and reorganization act of 1998. This act strengthened and expanded
NAPOLCOM,s authority over the PNP to include administration of police entrance examination and
conduct pre-charge investigation against police anomalies and irregularities and summary dismissal of
erring police members.
FUNCTIONS IN A POLICE ORGANIZATION

1. PRIMARY OR LINE FUNCTIONS

- functions that carry out the major purposes of the
organization, delivering the services and dealing
directly with the public
- the backbone of the police department
- examples of the line functions of the police are
patrolling, traffic duties, crime investigation
2. STAFF/ADMINISTRATIVE FUNCTIONS
- functions that are designed to support the line
functions and assist in the performance of the line
functions
- examples of the staff functions of the police are
planning, research, budgeting and legal advice

3. AUXILIARY FUNCTIONS
- functions involving the logistical operations of the
organization
- examples are training, communication, maintenance,
records management, supplies and equipment management

ORGANIC UNITS IN A POLICE ORGANIZATION

1. OPERATIONAL UNITS
- those that perform primary or line functions
- examples are patrol, traffic, investigation and vice
control,
2. ADMINISTRATIVE UNITS
- those that perform the administrative functions
  examples are personnel, finance, planning and   
  training.
3. SERVICE UNITS
- those that perform auxiliary functions
- examples are communication, records    
  management,supplies.

ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
- the systematic arrangement of the relationship of   the members, positions,departments and
  functions or work of the organization
- it is comprised of functions, relationships,
  responsibilities and authorities of individuals within
  the organization

KINDS OF ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURES

1. LINE
- the oldest and simplest kind; also called military
- defined by its clear chain of command from the   
   highest to the lowest and vice versa
- depicts the line functions of the organization
- orders or commands must come from the higher l  
   level of authority before it can be carried out
- involves few departments

2. FUNCTIONAL
- structure according to functions and specialized units
- depicts staff functions of the organization
- responsibilities are divided among authorities who  
  are all accountable to the authority above.

3. LINE AND STAFF

- a combination of the line and functional kind
- combines the flow of information from the line
  structure with the staff departments that service, advise, and support them

- generally more formal in nature and has many

  departments

ORGANIZATIONAL PRINCIPLES

FOUR PRIMAL CONDITIONS OF AN ORGANIZATION

1. AUTHORITY
- the supreme source of government for any   
  particular organization
- the right to exercise, to decide and to command   
  by virtue of rank and position
2. MUTUAL COOPERATION
- an organization exists because it serves a    
  purpose.
3. DOCTRINE
- provides for the organization’s objectives
- provides the various actions, hence, policies,
  procedures, rules and regulations of the org.  
  are based on the statement of doctrines
4. DISCIPLINE
- comprising behavioral regulations

ELEMENTS OF POLICE ORGANIZATION

1. UNITY OF COMMAND
- dictates that there should only be ONE MAN commanding
the unit to ensure uniformity in the execution of
orders

2. SPAN OF CONTROL
- the maximum number of subordinates that a superior can effectively supervise

Factors affecting the span of control:

a) Leadership qualities of the supervisors
b) Nature of the job and work conditions
c) Complexity of task
d) Education and skill of the employees

3. DELEGATION OF AUTHORITY
- conferring of an amount of authority by a superior
   position to a lower-level position.
4. HIERARCHY OF AUTHORITY
- the relationship between superiors and    
  subordinates
- serves as the framework for the flow of authority
  downward and obedience upward through the 
  department

  HIERARCHY - represents the formal relationship

 among superiors and subordinates in any given
 organization
5. SPECIALIZATION
- the assignment of particular personnel to particular tasks

SPECIALIZATION OF JOBS (AREAS OF SPECIALIZATION)

- the designation of certain activities or tasks as      
  ones that must be performed in a highly.
  technological, scientific or precise manner
- areas of police specialization include undercover
  works, crime scene operations, legal advising,
  computer work, SWAT operations and others
SPECIALIZATION OF PEOPLE (SPECIALISTS)
- the designation of particular persons as having expertise in a specific area of work

- signifies the adaptation of an individual to the

  requirements through extensive training

6. CHAIN OF COMMAND
- the arrangement of officers from top to bottom     
   on the basis of rank or position and authority.
7. COMMAND RESPONSIBILITY
- dictates that immediate commanders shall be
   responsible for the effective supervision and    
   control.

BRIEF HISTORY OF THE PHILIPPINE POLICING SYSTEM

The institution of police in the Philippines formally

started during the Spanish period. The establishment of
the police force was not entirely intended for crime
prevention nor peacekeeping. Rather, it was created as an
extension of the colonial military establishment.

Ancient Roots

The forerunner of the contemporary police system was the practice of barangay chieftains to select 
able-bodied young men to protect their barangay
during the night and were not required to work
in the fields during daytime .Among the duties of
those selected were to protect the properties
of the people in the barangay and protect their
crops and livestock from wild animals.

Spanish Period

Carabineros de Seguridad Publica – organized in 1712 for the purpose of carrying the regulations
of the Department of State; this was armed
and considered as the mounted police; years after, this kind of police organization discharged the duties
of a port, harbor and river police.

Guardrilleros/Cuardillo – this was a body of rural police by the Royal Decree of 18 January 1836, this
decree provided that 5% of the
able-bodied male inhabitants of each province were to be enlisted in this police organization for
three years

Guardia Civil – this was created by a Royal Decree issued by the Crown on 12 February 1852
to partially relieve the Spanish Peninsular troops of
their work in policing towns,it consisted of a body
of Filipino policemen organized originally in each
of the provincial capitals of the central provinces
of Luzon under the Alcalde Mayor
American Period

The Americans established the United States Philippine

Commission headed by General Howard Taft as its first
governor-general. On January 9, 1901, the Metropolitan
Police Force of Manila was organized pursuant to Act No 70of the Taft Commission. This has become the
basis for the
celebration of the anniversary of the Manila’s Finest every January 9th.

ACT NO 175 – entitled “An Act Providing for the

Organization and Government of an Insular Constabulary”,enacted on July 18, 1901.

Henry T. Allen - Captain of the 6th US cavalry, a graduate of West Point class 1882. Father of the
Philippine Constabulary.The first chief of the Philippine Constabulary in 1901.

ACT NO 183 - created the Manila Police Department, enacted on July 31, 1901.

CAPT GEORGE CURRY - the first chief of police

 of the Manila Police Department in 1901.
Act No 255 – the act that renamed the Insular Constabulary into Philippine Constabulary,
 enacted on October 3, 1901

Executive Order 389 – ordered that the Philippine Constabulary be one of the four services
of the Armed Forces of the Philippines, enacted on
December 23, 1940.

Post-American Period

RA 4864 – otherwise known as the Police Professionalization Act of 1966, enacted on September 8,
1966; created the Police Commission
(POLCOM) as a supervisory agency to oversee the
training and professionalization of the local
police forces under the Office of the President; later POLCOM was renamed into National Police 
Commission (NAPOLCOM).

Martial Law Period

PD 765 – otherwise known as the Integration Act of 1975,enacted on August 8, 1975;

established the Integrated National Police (INP) 
composed of the Philippine Constabulary (PC)
as the nucleus and the integrated local police forces
as components, under the Ministry of National
Defense
- transferred the NAPOLCOM from the Office of the
President to the Ministry of National Defense

Post Martial Law Regime

Executive Order No 1012 – transferred to the city and municipal government the operational
supervision and direction over all INP units assigned within their locality; issued on July 10, 1985

Executive Order No 1040 – transferred the administrative control and supervision of the INP
from the Ministry of National Defense to the National Police Commission

RA 6975 – otherwise known as the Department of the Interior and Local Government Act of 1990, 
enacted on December 13,1990; reorganized the
DILG and established the Philippine National Police,
Bureau of Fire Protection, Bureau of Jail
Management and Penology and the Philippine Public Safety College.

RA 8551 – otherwise known as the Philippine National Police Reform and Reorganization Act 
of 1998, enacted on February 25, 1998; this law 
amended certain provisions of RA 6975.

RA 9708 - law amending the provisions of RA 6975 and RA 8551 on the minimum educational
qualification for appointment to the PNP and
adjusting the promotion system; approved on 12 August 2009.
- An Act extending for five (5) years the reglementary  period for complying with the minimum
educational qualification for appointment to the PNP and adjusting the promotion system
thereof,amending for the purpose pertinent provisions of RA 6975 and RA 8551 and for other purposes.
Patrol organization and operation

Patrol - from french patrouiller - to paddle,

paw about, patrol. Community policing - is the process by which an
            - keep watch over an area by organized group of citizens devoted a time
regularly walking or traveling around or  to crime prevention within a neighborhood.
             through it. When suspecting criminal activities, members
            - a person or group of people sent are encourage to contact the authorities and not
to keep watch over an area. to intervene.
Patrol officers - are uniformed officers
assigned to monitor specific geographical
areas, that is to move through their areas at
regular intervals looking out for any signs
of problems of any kind.
History of Patrol
1. Ancient China - law enforcement was
carried out  by prefect. Prefects were   
    government officials appointed by local
Beat patrol - the deployment of officers in a
given community, area or locality to prevent and
deter criminal activity and to provide day to day
services to the community.
Sting Operations - organized groups of
detectives who deceived criminals into openly
committing illegal acts of conspiring to engage
in criminal activity.
Hotspots of Crime - the view that a significant
magistrates who reported to higher  portion of all police calls in cities typically
    authorities such as the governors who in radiate from a relatively few locations.
turn were appointed by head of state
    usually the emperor of the dynasty. Models of Policing 
1. Neighborhood Oriented Policing - a
2. Ancient Greece - publicly owned slaves philosophy of
were used by magistrates as police.     police suggesting that problem solving is best
    In Athens, a group of 300 Scythian slaves done
(rod-bearers) was used to guard      at the neighborhood level, where issues
    public meetings to keep order and originate
for crowd controland also assisted with      not at a far-off central headquarters.
    dealing with criminal, handling
prisoners and making arrests.
3. Roman empire - the army rather than a
dedicated police organization provided      against crime instead of waiting for criminal
    security. Local watchmen were hired by
cities to provide some extra security.
    Magistrates such as procurators, fiscals
and quaestros investigated crime.
    Under the reign of Augustus, 14 wards
were created, the wards were protected
2. Pro Active Policing - aggressive law
enforcement
    style in which patrol officers take the
initiative
acts to
    occur.
3. Problem Oriented Policing - a style of police 
    management that stresses pro active problem
    solving instead of reactive crime fighting.
4.Community Oriented Policing - programs
    by seven squads of 1000 men called designed 
vigiles     to bring the police and the public closer

who acted as  firemen and night together 

    watchmen. Their duties included  and create more cooperative working
apprehending thieves and robbers and environment
    capturing run away slaves. The vigiles     between them.
were supported by the urban cohorts  5. Reactive Policing - the opposite of Pro Active
    who acted as a heavy duty riot force and     policing where the police wait for crime to
praetorian guard if necessary. occur.
 praetorian guard - bodyguards used by
roman emperors.
urban cohorts - were created by Augustus to
counter balance the enormous power of the
praetorian guard in the city of Rome and
serve as the police force.
vigiles - (watchmen of the city) - were the
firefighters and police of ancient Rome.
ward - a subdivision of a municipality.
4. Medieval England - the Anglo-Saxon
Blue Curtain - describes the secrecy and
insulation
from others in society that is a consequence of
the police subculture.
Cynicism - the belief that most peoples actions
are motivated solely by personal needs and
selfishness.
Civilian Review Board - ex. PLEB - organized
citizen groups that examine police misconduct.
system of maintaining public order since
    the Norman conquest was a private Watchman - style of policing characterized by an
system oftithing, led by a constable to  emphasis on maintaining public order.
    enforce the law.
Fleeing Felon Rule - the oldest standard relating
tithing - was a grouping of 10 households. to the use of deadly force.
constable - is a person holding a particular
office most commonly in law Beats - designated police patrol areas.
enforcement. The office of constable can
vary significantly in different jurisdiction. Internal Affairs - unit that investigates
allegations of police misconduct.
5. Spain - modern police in Europe has a
precedent in the Hermandus or  Deadly Force - police killing of a suspect who
    (brotherhood) - peace keeping resists arrest or presents a danger to an officer
association of individuals, a characteristic or the community. 
of 
    municipal life in medieval Spain. The Booking - the administrative record of an
first recorded case of the formation of the  arrest listingthe offenders name, address,
    hermandad occurred when the towns and physical description, date of birth, time of arrest,
the peasantry of the north united to offense and name of arresting officer. It also
    police the pilgrim road to Santiago de include photographing and fingerprinting of the
compostela in galicia and protect the  offender.
    pilgrims against robber knights.
6. France - The first police force in the
modern sense was created by the  witness.
    government of king Louis XIV in 1667 to
police the city of Paris, then the largest
    city in Europe.
7. Britain and Ireland - in England, a
system of sheriffs, reeves and investigative
    juries to provide basic security and law
Line Up - placing a suspect in a group for the
purpose of being viewed and identified by a
Stop and Frisk - the situation in which police
officers who are suspicious of an individual run
their hands lightly over the suspects outer
garments to determine if the person is carrying a
concealed weapon. Also called Inquiry of Pat
Down.
enforcement.
Sheriff - is a contraction of the term "shire-
reeve" - designated a royal official
responsible for keeping the peace through
out  a shire or county on behalf of the king.
Reeve - a senior official with local
responsibilities under the crown. ex., chief
magistrate of a town or district.
Shire - traditional term for a division of
land in the UK and Australia.
Foot Patrol - police patrol that takes officer out
of cars and puts them in walking beat to
strengthen ties with the community.
Excited Delirium - an overdose of adrenaline
that can occur in heated confrontation with the
police.
* Patrol reduces crime by creating an 
impression of
Jury - is a sworn body of people convened
to render impartial verdict officially
submitted to
them by a court or to set a penalty or
judgement.
Thief taker - a private individual hired to
capture criminal.
Bow street runners - London's first
professional police force.
Henry Fielding - a magistrate educated at
   omnipresence.
Responding to Crime - total response time is
comprised of four dimensions.
1. Discovery Time - interval between the
commission
    of the crime and its discovery.
2. Reporting Time - interval between the
discovery 
    of the crime and when it is reported to the
Elton college who founded the Bow street
runners originally numbered just six.
Statute of Winchester - in 1285, obliged the
authorities of every town to keep a watch at
the city gates and arrest all suspicious night
walkers.
Sir Robert Peel - prime minister of
Englandfrom Dec. 1834 to April 1835 and
again From Aug.1841 to June 1846. While
home secretary, help create the modern
concept of the police force leading to
police.
3. Processing Time - interval between receiving
the 
    call and dispatching the  officers for service.
4. Travel time - the amount of time it takes for
the 
    police to travel to the scene of the crime.
The Phantom Effect - "residual deterrence" most
people believe that the police is present even
when the are not in sight.
officers being known as bobbies in England
and peelers in Ireland.
Patrick Colquhoun - (1745 - 1820) - a
Scottish merchant and a magistrate who
founded the first regular preventive police
force in England, the Thames river police.
8. In the US - the first city police services
were established in Philadelphia in 1751,
Boston 1838 and new york 1845.
Sworn Date - the date that  a sworn employee
took the oath of office for their position.
Advantages of Foot/Bicycle Patrol
1. Increased personal contact between the police
and
    citizen.
2. Increased observation ability.
3. Increased ability to gather information
4. Economical
 August Vollmer - first police chief
of BerkeleyCalifornia. He is sometimes Advantages of Motorized Patrol
called the father of modern law enforcement 1. Increased speed and mobility
in the US. 2. Increased conspicuousness
               1. He was the first chief to 3. Availability of additional equipment
require that    4. Increased transportation capability
                   police officers attain 5. Deceased response time
college degrees. 6. Communications
                  
               2. First police chief to create a Basic Preventive Patrol Methods Utilized by an
motorized  Officer
                   force placing officers on   1. Frequent check and contact with business
motorcycles premises
                  and cars so that they could 2. Frequent check of suspicious persons
patrol broader  3. Fluctuating patrol patterns
                  areas with greater 4. Maintenance of visibility and personal contact
efficiency .      5. Daily individual patrol and community action
              3. He was also the first to use plan
the lie detector 
                  in police work. Factors to be Considered in Becoming Familiar
O.W. Wilson - studied under August with the Community
Vollmer. Became Chief of Police of the 1. General population information
Fullerton police department. He also
became chief of police of the Wichita police
department. He introduced the following
reforms and innovations:
requires new policeman to have college
education.
use of police car for patrol, mobile radios
and use of a mobile crime laboratory.
he believe that the use of a two way radio
allowed better supervision of patrol officers.
What are the 3 main task of supervision?
2. Appropriate geographical information
3. Recent criminal activity
4. Specific factors that may influence patrol
functions
    ex. location of hospitals, high crime areas,
    community habits.
How to Prepare for a Normal Patrol Shift
1. Gathering information through crime reports
and 
    briefings
1. Organize - means planning the work of
the 
    department and of the personnel in an
orderly
    manner.
2. Delegate - means giving someone else
the  plan
    responsibility and authority to do
something.The
    supervisor confers upon a subordinate
officer the
2. Gathering needed materials ex. report forms,
  
  citation books
3. Obtaining and checking equipment
4. Planning work around identified priorities
5. Preparing daily patrol and community action
What an Officer on Night time Patrol  Should be
Looking for
1. broken glasses
    same authority and responsibility that 2. open doors and windows
the  3. pry marks
    4. suspicious vehicles
supervisor possesses to accomplish the 5. persons on foot
specific task 6. differences in normal lighting (on or Off)
    The supervisor remain responsible for 7. unusual sounds
the  8. access to roof tops or upper floors
    completion of the delegated task.
3. Oversee - means that the supervisor Definition of Terms
ensures that  1. Section - a primary subdivision of a bureau
    the work that has been organized and with a
delegated is
    satisfactorily completed.
 
    department wide responsibility for providing 
a
    specific specialized functions.
2. Unit - a subdivision of a section usually small
in  
    size with personnel assigned to perform a 
    specialized activity, one or two employees 
    performing assigned
    work.
3. Squad - a subdivision of a unit.
4. Detail - a subdivision of a squad.
5. Precinct -the primary geographic subdivision
of 
    the patrol operation bureau.
6. Sector - the primary geographic subdivision 
of a 
    precinct, supervised by a sergeant.
7. Beat - the primary subdivision of a sector.
8. Watch/Shift - one of several tours of duty.
9. Post - a fixed geographic location usually
assigned
    to an individual officer.
10.Task Force - an adhoc work group normally
     established by bureau commander to respond
to a 
     specific incident or series of related
incidents. Task  
     Force assignment is temporary.
11.Chief of Police - overall commander of the 
     department.
12.Chain of Command - a fundamental
component 
     of proper supervision.The chain of command
       requires that each employee reports and is
      accountable to   only one direct supervisor.
Police operational Planning

Police Operational Planning - the act of Management or Administrative Functions

determining policies and guidelines for   1. Planning
police activities and operations and   2. Organizing
providing controls and safeguards for such   3. Directing
activities and operations in the department.   4. Controlling
Involves strategies or tactics, procedures,   5. Staffing
policies or guidelines.   6. Reporting

Operational Planning - the use of rational
design or patten for all departmental
undertakings rather than relying on chance
in an operational environment. The
preparation and development of procedures
and techniques in accomplishing each of the
primary tasks and functions of an
organization.
Police Planning - an attempt by police
  7. Budgeting
Guidelines in Planning
  1. What - mission/objective
  2. Why  - reason/philosophy
  3. When - date/time
  4. where - place
  5. How  - strategy/methods
Characteristics of a Good Plan
  1. A Plan must have a clearly defined objective
administrators in trying to allocate
anticipated resources to meet anticipated
service demands. The systematic and
orderly determination of facts and events as
basis for policy formulation and decision
making affecting law enforcement
management.
Planning - the determination in advance of
how the objectives of the organization will
be attained; involves the determination of a
  2. A Plan must be simple, direct and clear
  3. A Plan must be flexible
  4. A Plan must be attainable
  5. A Plan must provide standards of operation
  6. A Plan must be economical in terms of
resources
      needed for implementation.
Types of Plan
  1. Procedural/Policy Plan
  2. Operational Plan
course of action to take in performing a   3. Tactical Plan
particular function or activity.   4. Administrative/Management Plan
Theprocess of developing methods or   5. Extra-Departmental Plan
procedures or an arrangement of parts
intended to facilitate the accomplishment of
a definite objective. The process of deciding
in advance  what is to be done and how it is
to be done.

Plan - an organized schedule or sequence

by methodical activities intended to attain a
goal or objectives for the accomplishment of
mission or assignment. A method or way of
doing something in order to attain
objectives and provides answers to the 5Ws
and 1H.

Strategy - a broad design or method or a

plan to attain a stated goal or objective.

Tactics - are specific design, method or a

course of action to attain a particular
objective in consonance with strategy.

Procedures - are sequences of activities to

reach a point or to attain what is desired.

Policy - a course of action which could be a

program of
actions adopted  by an individual, group,
organization or government or the set of
principles on which they are based.
case operational plan (COPLAN) - a
definitetarget - specific activity conducted in
relation to an intelligence project under
which it is affected. Several case operations
may fall under one intelligence project.-
refers to a preparatory plan on how to carry
out a case operation which is the last
resort to pursue intelligence objectives
when normal police operations fail.
command post/holding area - area where
case conferences, briefings and debriefings
are being conducted by the responding
agencies.
dragnet operation - is a police operation
purposely to seal off the probable exit points
of fleeing suspect from the crime scene to
prevent
their escape.

Intelligence and Secret Service

Definition of Terms:

Intelligence Agency - is a government
agency responsible for the
collection,analysis or exploitation of
information and intelligence in support of
law enforcement,national security,defense
and foreign policy objectives.
Intelligence Officer - is a person employed
by an organization to collect,compile and
analyze information which is used to that
Means of Information Gathering
1.Overt
2.Covert
Intelligence Cycle - is the process of developing
unrefined data into polished intelligence for the
use of policy makers.
  1. Direction - intelligence requirements are 
      determined by a decision maker to meet
his/her 
      objective.
organization.  
information
Counter Intelligence - refers to effort made   
by intelligence organizations to prevent  
hostile or enemy intelligence organization   
from successfully gathering and collecting   
intelligence against them.  
  
Human Intelligence - category of   
intelligence derived from information   
collected and provided byhuman sources.   
2. Collection - is the gathering of raw
     based on requirements.
3. Processing - converting the vast amount of 
    information collected into a form usable by 
    analyst.
4. Analysis - conversion of raw information into
    intelligence. It includes:
        (1) integrating
        (2) evaluating
        (3) analyzing data and preparing

Dead Drop/Dead Letter Box - is a method
ofespionage trade craft used to pass items
between 2 individuals using a secret
location and thus not require to meet
directly.
Live Drop - 2 persons meet to exchange
items or information.
Dead Drop Spike - is a concealment device
intelligence
               product.
  5. Dissemination - is the distribution of raw or 
      finished intelligence to the consumer whose
needs
      initiated the intelligence requirement.
  6. Feedback - is received from the decision
maker 
      and revised requirement issued.
Evaluation - systematic determination of merit,
used to hide worth and significance of something or someone
money,maps,documents,microfilm and other using criteria against a set of standards.
items.
Collation - is the assembly of written information
Cut-Out - is a mutually trusted into a standard order.
intermediary,method or channel of
communication,facilitating the exchange of Crime Triangle
information between agents. 1. the offender
2. the victim
Espionage/Spying - involves a government 3. the location
or individual obtaining information that is
considered secret of confidential without the
permission of the holder of the information.
Agent Handling - is the management of
agents,principal agents and agent networks
by intelligence officers typically known as
case officers.
Case Officer - is an intelligence officer who
is trained specialist in the management of
agents and agent network.
Crime Intelligence - information compiled,
analyzed and/or disseminated in an effort to
anticipate, prevent, or monitor criminal activity.
Strategic Intelligence - information concerning
existing patterns or emerging trends of criminal
activity designed to assist in criminal
apprehension and crime control strategies for
both short and long term investigative tools.  
Tactical Intelligence - information regarding a

Agent - acts on behalf of another whether
individual,organization or foreign
government, works under the direction of a
principal agent or case officer.
Cryptography - is the practice and study of
techniques for secure communication in the
presence of third parties called adversaries.
Eaves Dropping - Is the act of secretly
specific criminal event that can be used
immediately by operational units to further a
criminal investigation plan tactical operations
and provide for officer safety.
Open Source - refers to any information that can
be legitimately obtained e. free on
request, payment of a fee.
Source - the place or person from which
information is obtained.
listening to the private conversation of
others without their consent.
Propaganda - is a form of communication
that is aimed at influencing the attitude of a
community toward some cause or position.
Flip - apprehended criminals who turn
informants.
Snitches - jailhouse informants.
Intelligence Assessment - is the development of
forecasts of behavior or recommended courses of
action to the leadership of an organization based
on a wide range of available information sources
both overt and covert.
Intelligence Analysis - is the process of taking
known information about situations and entities
of strategic, operational, or tactical importance,
characterizing the known and with appropriate
statements of probability. the future actions in
those situations and by those entities.

Cryptanalysis - from the Greek word Kryptos-

hidden and Analyein-to loosen or to unite - is the
art of defeating cryptographic security
systems and gaining access to the contents
of encrypted messages without being given the
cryptographic key.
Industrial  Security Management
RA no. 5487 - (as amended by PD no.
11) - Privatesecurity agency law.
Private Detective Agency - is any person
who for hire or reward or on commission
conducts or carries on or holds himself
out as conducting or carrying on a
detective agency or detective service.
Private Detective - any person who is not
Physical security - describes the measures that are
designed to deny access to unauthorized personnel
from physically accessing a building, facility, stored
information and guidance on how to design
structures to resist potentially hostile acts.
                                 - a system of barriers
placed between a potential intruder and the
material orinstallation to be protected.
a member of a regular police agency or
armed forces who does detective work for
hire,reward or commission.
PADPAO - Philippine Association of
Detective and Private Agency Operators.
Watchmen/Security Guard - person who
offers or renders personal service to
watch or secure either residential or
business establishment or both or any
Security - the predictable state or condition which
is free from harm, injury, destruction, intimidation
or fear. Freedom from fear or danger or defense
against crime.
Physical Security System - a barrier or system of
barriers placed between the potential intruder and
the matter to be protected. Protective device against
hazards, threats, vulnerability and risks.
Purpose/Goals of Physical security
building,compound or area for hire or
compensation or as an employee thereof.
Security Agency - any person,
association, partnership or corporation
who recruits, trains, muster ,furnishes,
solicit individuals or business firms,
private or government owned or
controlled corporation to engage his
services or those of its watchmen.
Who May Organize Security Agency
deter potential intruders - ex. warning signs,
perimeter markings
distinguish authorized from unauthorized people -
ex. using pass card
delay or prevent intrusion attempt - ex. wall,door
lock, safe
detect intrusion and monitor/record intruders - e.
CCTV, intrusion alarm
trigger appropriate incident responses - ex. security
guards
1. A Chinese Philosopher who once said: “If
you know your 6. It is the stable business with violence applied
enemy and know yourself, you need not fear and directed
the result at unwelcome competitors.
of a hundred battles”. A. Mafia
A. Confucius B. Criminal World
B. Chiang Kai Shek C. Criminal Syndicate
C. Sun Tzu D. Organized Crime
D. Wong Mhan Fei Hong Answer: B
Answer: C

2. Maybe defined as the product resulting from 7. A form of intelligence which concerns with
the collecting the various types
information concerning an actual and of confidential information that filter into the
potential situation possession
and condition relating to foreign activities of the police, and the techniques employed in
and to developing
foreign or enemy held areas. these lines of information.
A. Interrogation A. Counter Intelligence
B. Information B. Departmental Intelligence
C. Intelligence C. Undercover Intelligence
D. Investigation D. Strategic Intelligence
Answer: C Answer: C
8. Which a Police Administrator must rely as
3. It is defined as evaluative and interpreted one of the most
information indispensable tools of management; it is
concerning organized crime and other major derived from
police problems. organized information available in the police
A. Military Intelligence records
B. Military Information division which concerned with the nature, size
C. Police Intelligence and
D. Police Investigation distribution of the police problems of crime,
Answer: C vice and traffic?
A. Strategic Intelligence
4. It is the combination of two or more persons B. Counter Intelligence
for the C. Departmental Intelligence
purpose of establishing terror or corruption D. Undercover Intelligence
in the Answer: C
city/community or section of, either a
monopoly, of virtual 9. Intelligence which primarily long-range in
monopoly or criminal activity in a field that nature with
provides a little or no immediate practical value.
continuing financial profit. A. Strategic Intelligence
A. Organized Crime B. Counter Intelligence
B. Criminal Syndicate C. Departmental Intelligence
C. Criminal World D. Undercover Intelligence
D. Mafia Answer: A
Answer: B
10. The type of intelligence activity that deals
5. The social organization of criminals, having with the
its own social defending of the organization against its
classes from the hobo to the moneyed criminal enemies.
gangsters or racketeers. A. Counter Intelligence
A. Criminal World B. Strategic Intelligence
B. Mafia C. Military Intelligence
C. Organized Crime D. None of these
D. Criminal Syndicate Answer: A
Answer: B
11. It is the evaluated and interpreted dissemination of intelligence.
information concerning A. Cardinal Principle of Intelligence
an actual or possible enemy or theatre of B. Assets and Liability Intelligence
operations, C. Economic Intelligence
including weather and terrain, together with D. Income and expenditure Intelligence
the Answer: A
conclusions drawn there from.
A. Line Intelligence 16. Refer to the uprightness in character,
B. Strategic Intelligence soundness of
C. Military Intelligence moral principles, honesty and freedom from
D. Covert Operation moral
Answer: A delinquencies.
A. Integrity
12. The type of intelligence that is immediate in B. Loyalty
nature and C. Discretion
necessary for more effective police D. Moral
planning. Answer: A
A. Line Intelligence
B. Police Intelligence 17. Principles or standards of conduct of an
C. Military Intelligence individual,
D. Overt Operation his ethical judgment in human relations and
Answer: A his
respect to superiors.
13. If the information or documents are A. Character
procured openly without B. Reputation
regard as to whether the subject of the C. Moral
investigation D. Integrity
becomes knowledgeable of the purpose or Answer: C
purposes for which
it is being regarded. 18. Interim clearance will remain valid for a
A. Overt Operation period of____
B. Evaluation from the date of issuance.
C. Covert Operation A. 1 yr
D. Interpretation B. 3 yrs
Answer: A C. 2 yrs
D. 4 yrs Answer:
14. It is a critical appraisal of information as a A
basis
for its subsequent interpretation, which 19. Maximum security measures applied to
includes prevent possible
determining the pertinence of information, decryption of encrypted data on radio
the communication.
reliability of the source and agency through A. Transmission
which B. Cryptographic security
the information was derived and its C. Operation security
accuracy. D. Computer security
A. Interpretation Answer: B
B. Tasks
C. Evaluation 20. Final security measures undertaken prior to
D. Operations the entry
Answer: C into a communication area.
A. control of operations area
15. Is the proper, economical and most B. control of communications area
productive use C. area access control
of personnel, resources and equipment D. perimeter control
employed Answer: C
and/or utilized in planning the collection of
information, processing of information and
21. An encrypted message complete with 27. Investigation of the records and files of
heading of a message agencies
written in an intelligence text or language in the area and residence of the individual
which being investigated.
conveys hidden meaning. A. CBI
A. Cryptogram B. PBI
B. Cryptography C. LAC
C. Codes D. NAC
D. Ciphers Answer: C
Answer: A
28. Applied methods of security for the purpose
22. The removal of the security classification of
from the super-imposing camouflage radio
classified matter. transmission on
A. Classify communication network.
B. Reclassify A. transmission security
C. Upgrading B. physical security
D. Declassify C. cryptographic security
Answer: D D. operation security
Answer: A
23. Security of the command is the responsibility
of: 29. Final measures undertaken prior to the
A. Headquarters commandant entry into
B. Members of the Base Platoon an operating room.
C. Regional Director A. Control of operations area
D. Everybody B. Area access control
Answer: D C. perimeter control
D. control of communications area
24. The authority and responsibility for the Answer: A
classification
of classified matter rest exclusively with the: 30. It is a system in which individual letters of
A. head of office a message are represented.
B. receiving unit A. Ciphers
C. Regional Director B. Cryptogram
D. originating unit C. Codes
Answer: A D. Cryptography
Answer: D
25. Information and material, the unauthorized
disclosure 31. This motivation regarding agent control
of which would cause exceptionally grave applies to
damage to those whose main desire is for power.
the nation, politically, economically or A. ideological belief
militarily. B. material gain
A. Restricted C. revenge
B. Confidential D. personal prestige
C. Top Secret Answer: D
D. Secret
Answer: C 32. Consist of LAC supplemented by
investigation of the
26. Among the following, who has authority to records and files of national agencies.
classify A. LAC
Top Secret matters? B. PBI
A. Chief of Police C. CBI
B. Regional Director D. NAC
C. Sec of DND Answer: D
D. Provincial Director
Answer: C 33. The following are operational security
methods except for:
 A. cut-out device D. 8 meters
B. communication Answer: B
C. cover
D. proper operational planning 40. The barrier that requires the employment of
Answer: A the
guard and guard system is ___ barrier.
34. Maximum security measures undertaken to A. Energy
preserve B. Animal
secrecy of classified operations. C. Structural
A. transmission security D. Human
B. computer security Answer: D
C. cryptographic security
D. operations security 41. Which of the following composed the PNP
Answer: D under its
creation on R.A 6975?
35. Control measures undertaken to prevent A. member of the INP
entry of B. members of the PC
unauthorized persons inside the premises of C. jail guards
communication facility. D. all of them
A. perimeter control Answer: D
B. control of operations area
C. control of communications area 42. The largest organic unit with in large
D. area access control department is a
Answer: C A. Bureau
B. Division
36. Among the following, who is not authorized C. Section
to D. Unit
classify Top Secret matter? Answer: A
A. Secretary of National Defense
B. Chief, PNP 43. What is the rank of the Chief of the
C. Chief of Staff, AFP Directorial Staff?
D. Chief of Police Station A. Deputy Dir General
Answer: D B. Police Director
C. Police Chief Superintendent
37. Top Secret matter shall not be transmitted D. Police Senior Superintendent
through: Answer: A
A. direct contact to officers concerned
B. thru DFA Diplomatic Pouch 44. Which is known as the Police Act of 1966
C. official courier and
D. mail created the office of the NAPOLCOM?
Answer: D A. R.A. 6975
B. R.A. 8551
38. The barrier established to protect the C. P.D. 765
surrounding D. R.A. 4864 Answer:
of an installation. D
A. Animal
B. Human 45. What is the kind of promotion granted to
C. Energy candidates
D. Structural who meet all the basic qualification for
Answer: D promotion?
A. Special
39. In the security industry and in large areas, B. Meritorious
the C. Regular
standard height of a fence is D. Ordinary Answer:
A. 12 meters C
B. 10 meters
C. 9 meters 46. The mandatory training course for SPO4
before they
 can be promoted to the rank of Police C. Duty Manual
Inspector is the D. Code of Conduct Answer:
A. Officers Basic Course C
B. Officer’s Advance Course
C. Officers Candidate Course 53. The staff directorate in charge of providing
D. Senior Leadership Course the
Answer: D necessary supplies and materials to all PNP
units is the
47. The nature of which the police officer is free A. Research Development Office
from B. Logistics Office
specific routine duty is called C. Plans
A. on duty D. Comptrollership Answer:
B. special duty B
C. leave of absence
D. off duty Answer: 54. In the history of our police force, who was
D the first
Chief of the Philippine Constabulary?
48. PNP promotions are subject to the A. Capt. Henry T. Allen
confirmation of the: B. Col. Lamberto Javallera
A. Civil Service Commission C. Gen. Rafael Crame
B. NAPOLCOM D. Capt. Nicholas Piatt Answer:
C. Commission on Appointment A
D. President of the Philippines
Answer: C 55. Among the following. he is known as the
father of
49. How many deputies do the PNP has? Modern Policing System.
A. One A. William Norman
B. Two B. Sir Robert Peel
C. Three C. King Henry III
D. Four Answer: D. John Westminster
B Answer: B

50. A fixed point or location to which an officer 56. Japanese Military Police during the
is assigned Japanese occupation
such as designated desk or office or spot is in the Philippines were known as
called A. Kamikaze
A. Post B. Kempetai
B. Route C. Konichiwa
C. Beat D. Okinanai
D. Sector Answer: Answer: B
A
57. How many years of satisfactory service must
51. MNSA or Master’s in National Security in a PNP
Administration member renders before he can apply for
is offered and administered by this optional retirement?
institution. A. 10 years
A. PPSC B. 20 years
B. NAPOLCOM C. 15 years
C. Department of Interior and Local D. 25 years
Government Answer: B
D. National Defense College
Answer: D 58. Decision of the Chief, PNP in administrative
cases
52. Describes the procedures and defines the where the penalty is dismissal, demotion and
duties of forced
officers assigned to specific post or position. resignation may be appealed before the
A. Department rule A. Regional Appellate Body
B. Code of Ethical Standard B. Office of the President
 C. National Appellate Board police that utilized dog patrol was the so
D. Chairman, NAPOLCOM called
Answer: C A. Medjays
B. Vigiles
59. In the physical environment of the patrol C. Ancient police
division, D. Jacobians
the shift that receives most of the call of the Answer: A
public which are directly related to police
function 65. The Chief magistrate at bow street in
are made on the; London that
A. Afternoon shift organized the Bow Street Runners is
B. midnight shift A. King Charles II of London
C. day shift B. Henry Fielding of London
D. A and C only C. King Richard of London
Answer: A D. none of the above
Answer: B
60. The statistical reports of patrol officers
regarding 66. The responsibility of police that involves
the rate of crime, types of crime and places peacekeeping
of on community service role or social services
crimes in each beat is very important in the is
implementation of the referred to as
A. preventive enforcement A. crime prevention
B. selective enforcement B. prevention of crime
C. traffic enforcement C. order maintenance
D. emergency call for service D. crime investigation
Answer: B Answer: C

61. A patrol activity that is directed towards the 67. The effort of reduction of elimination of
elimination of hazards in each respective desire and
beat is called opportunity to commit crime is known as
A. patrol and observation A. order maintenance
B. called for service B. law enforcement
C. attending to complaints C. prevention of crime
D. none of the above D. arrest of criminals
Answer: A Answer: C

62. According to the father of modern policing 68. In the history of patrol US, the first daytime
system, and
the soundest of all criminological paid police service was organized in
philosophies is A. New York
A. prevention of crime B. Boston
B. elimination of crime C. San Francisco
C. control of crime D. Philadelphia
D. suppression of crime Answer: D
Answer: A
69. The government agency that issue license
63. Patrol hazard would include the following for private
except and government security guard is
A. Stress A. the PNP SAGSD
B. Open manhole B. Mayor’s Office
C. suspicious persons C. Security and Exchange Commission
D. ordinances (SEC)
Answer: D D. the Local Police Office
Answer: A
64. In the history of patrol, the first recorded
organized 70. Which of the following is not a function of a
Private Detective?
 A. background investigation D. Dismissal from Service
B. locating missing persons Answer: C
C. controlling traffic flow
D. surveillance work 76. The aspect of police selection can not be
Answer: C accurately
assessed by other steps in the selection
71. It is a document issued by the chief PNP or process
his duly can be measured through the conduct of:
authorized representative recognizing a A. Polygraph Examination
person to be B. Neigborhood Check
qualified to perform his duties as security C. Oral Interview
guard or detective? D. Psychological Screening
A. Certificate of incorporation Answer: C
B. License to Operate
C. Warrant 77. To prevent hiatus (break in continuity) in the
D. None of these discharge of official police function by
Answer: D authorizing
a person to discharge the same pending the
72. Perimeter fence is what type of perimeter selection
defense? of another appointee, is the main reason of:
A. first line A. Dismissal
B. second line B. Permanent Appointee
C. third line C. Temporary Appointment
D. None of these D. Suspension
Answer: A Answer: C

73. An additional overhang of barbed wires 78. Verification of academic accomplishment,

place on standardized
vertical perimeter fences is commonly called exam and affiliation with organization of
A. Hangover police
B. guard control applicants are information required in the:
C. tower guard A. Written Examination Procedure
D. none of these B. Character investigation procedures
Answer: D C. Appointment Procedures
D. Eligibility Requirements
74. The attempt to determine whether there are Answer: D
parties
with in the police candidate’s family who 79. The following are information desired in
might verifying
negatively influence performance of official educational history of a police applicant,
duties can be best verified by conducting: except:
A. Performance Evaluation A. Courses Taken
B. Character Investigation B. Demonstrated Leadership
C. Written Examination C. Debt, loans and savings
D. Oral Interview D. Anti–Social behaviors or Juvenile
Answer: B records. Answer: A

75. In cases of altered marital status in the 80. The method by which testing procedures can
police be best
selection procedure, careful investigation on insure job performance predictability is
matters through
upon which such alteration should be a process known as:
conducted A. Test Validation
for purpose of B. Job Performance
A. Promotion C. Job Analysis
B. Appointment D. Retesting Answer:
C. Disqualification C
81. Physical and mental excellence is an 86. According to Hudzik and Cordner, planning
essential quality is
for individuals who are to be employed as A. Visioning
police B. All of these
officers and this can only be determined by C. thinking what is right and doing what
administering rigid is best
A. Oral examination D. thinking about the future and what we
B. Character Investigation need
C. Vicinity Check to do now to achieve it
D. Medical Examination Answer: B
Answer: D
87. In SWOT analysis, “W” means:
82. Physical Test is designed to furnish data, A. Vulnerabilities
which will B. Threats
indicate the extent to which an applicant C. Intelligence
maybe able D. Win
to perform required responsibilities. Answer: A
Applicants maybe
required climbing over a fence of 5 feet and 88. What is the principle which states that
6 inches subordinate should
high without the aid of another person. This be under the control of only one superior?
physical A. Principle of Chain of Command
test is called: B. Principle of unity of command
A. Body Drag C. Span of Control Principle
B. Obstacle Clearance D. Principle of Objectivity
C. Foot Pursuit Answer: B
D. Body Pull Ups
Answer: A 89. The right to exercise, decide and command
by virtue
83. Planning is a management function of rank and position is called
concerned with A. Command and Control
the following, except: B. Authority
A. visualizing future situations C. Order
B. making estimates concerning them D. All of these Answer:
C. making money B
D. identifying issues
Answer: C 90. Which among the following is not included
in the
84. Police administrators sometimes do not 6 Master Plans of the PNP.
appreciate the A. Sandigang-Milenyo
importance of planning because B. Sandugo
A. of their pattern of career development C. Banat
B. people do not admire them D. Pagpapala
C. influential politicians involved in Answer: D
planning
D. of positive view about planning 91. It refers to the production of plans, which
Answer: C determine
the schedule of special activity and
85. Police Planning is an integral element of addresses
good immediate need which are specific.
management and A. Operational Plan
A. Business administration B. Strategic Plan
B. good police decision-making C. Synoptic Plan
C. prediction D. Guideline
D. performance Answer: A
Answer: B
92. To properly achieve the administrative
planning
 responsibility within in the unit, the that the police are always available to
commander respond to any
shall develop unit plans relating to, except situation at a moment’s notice and he will
A. Policies or procedure
B. Tactics and operations just around
C. Extra-office activities the corner at all times. What does this
D. Interpersonal problems situation indicate?
Answer: D A. Police Omnipresence
B. Police Discretion
93. SOP in police parlance means
A. Standard Operation Procedure C. Police Control
B. Special Operating Procedure D. Police Interaction
C. Standard Operating procedure Answer: A
D. Special Operation procedure
Answer: C 99. A person, thing or situation which possesses
a high
94. These are procedures intended to be used in
all potential for criminal attack or for creating
situations of all kinds shall be outlined as a a
guide to officers and men in the field. clamor for police service is considered as
A. SOPs A. Patrol Hazards
B. HQ Procedures
B. Patrol Effort
C. Field Procedures
D. None of these C. Police discretion
Answer: C D. None of these
Answer: A
95. Strictly speaking, one of the following is not
a
100. What is the new concept, police strategy
police field operation
A. Patrol which integrates
B. Investigation the police and community interests into a
C. Intelligence working
D. Traffic Operations relationship so as to produce the desired
Answer: C
organizational
96. SOP Man Hunt Bravo refers to objectives of peacemaking?
A. Neutralization of wanted persons A. Preventive patrol
B. Anti-illegal gambling B. Community Relation
C. Anti-carnapping plan C. Team policing
D. None of the above
D. Directed Patrol
Answer: A
Answer: C
97. While covering his beat, PO1 Juan chased
upon a
pickpocket. What will be his first action?
A. Arrest the pickpocket
B. Call for a criminal investigation
C. Bring the pickpocket to the police
department
D. Just continue his beat
Answer: A

98. The police must endeavor to establish and

impress upon
the law abiding citizens and would be
criminals alike