Dakota Okhanpi

Acknowledgements
A special thank-you to the following:
)
) ~ Manitoba First Nations Education Resource Centre
)
~ Sioux Valley Dakota Nation

~ Ruth Norton

~ Steve McCorrister

~ Don Monkman

~ Tatanka-He Sna - Russ Merrick

)

)
Thank-you for your contribution towards the publication of this booklet and the
accompanying CD.
)
Duzahan Mani Win
) Doris Dowan-Pratt
)
)
)

)
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)

Page
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 )
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)
Forward
)
After the Minnesota Massacre in 1862, the Dakota bands that retreated into )
Canada settled in different areas. Today these bands are Dakota Tipi, formerly )
Sioux Village, in Portage La Prairie; Chankagha - Otina, Birdtail Sioux; Wipazoka )
Wakpa, Sioux Valley; Chanupa Wakpa, Pipestone Sioux; Tantanka Nanzin,
Standing Buffalo; Wapaha Ska, Whitecap Reserve; and Wakhpetunwan, Prince
Albert Sioux.

With the scattering of the bands came a change in Dakota language and culture. )
This change would render Dakota people more vulnerable to government policies )
of cultural and language extinction. These policies would speed the process of
assimilation. Dakota language and culture were perceived as detriments to the
subjugation of Dakota people. These policies produced four generations of
Dakota who increasingly lost their sense of who they were as Dakota people.
Residential schools were an important tool in a successful completion of the task. )
)
The sole purpose in the development of Dakota Language materials is to
)
revitalize, retain and reverse the language shift towards extinction.
)
If we are to save our language there is one thing, and only one thing that will )
achieve the goal. It is not complicated, it is not expensive, and anyone can do it )
to a greater or lesser degree. It is a secret known and used by many cultures. I
)
myself have used this secret for as long as I have lived. I have taught my six
children the secret; some have applied it, some haven't. I practiced the secret )
while a stUdent in residential school, under the threat of severe punishment. )
Today I watch my people looking for the secret to success and happiness. They )
look in books, movies, television, magazines and alcohol and drugs. A sense of )
success and happiness stems from being proud of who you are and what you do;
language and culture teach you about the unique person you are and about being )
proud of yourself. )

The secret is to speak our Dakota language to others: our children, our relatives, )
our friends and our Creator. Words, by themselves, are little more than a
collection of lines, dots and squiggles. In fact, language has little to do with
words. Language is about the expression of history; man's relationship to the )
environment and the animals that surround us; kinship relationships with those
we live with and our spiritual relationship with our Creator.

A dictionary, by itself, is incapable of transcending the gap between meaning and

)
feelings. Fluency has little to do with pronunciation and articulation; it has to do
with the cultural meaning of the words and the understanding of the pictures
created by the words. Embodied within kinship roles, oral traditions, history and )
meaning is hidden the seeds of your uniqueness. Language is learned from
Elders in our communities who are speakers of the Dakota language. The

Page ii
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challenge is that they are older each day. If the Elders do not pass on their
) language and culture to the generations to come, before they die, we will have
) nothing but a collection of sterile words, dictionaries and thesauruses incapable
of creating the feeling of "Indianess", devoid of the pride that awaits us in our
)
journey to success and happiness.

) Culture and language are continually changing as society changes. What of the
! Dakota language? What of the ability to communicate our needs in this ever-
changing world? Our roles as parents and kin, our relationship to our
environment, our spirituality, and our link to previous generations are all
embodied in the language. What we lose when our language is gone is the ability
to speak about profound physical, psychological, and spiritual concepts in our
) own language. Spiritual relevance is very much found in our language.

The retention of the Dakota language and culture is not about losing the language
and culture you presently have. It is about having the richness of another way of
thinking and feeling about the world around you. A world in which you can
identify yourself and feel proud of who you are.
)
) Our Dakota children will have a culture and a language. As parents, kin and
Dakota people we will have a great deal of influence on the language and culture
)
of our young people. Whether is will be based on television, video games, the
roles of actors on TV and magazines or a lovingly taught language containing
) cultural concepts, we can foster pride through the application of the language
) concepts. The clock is running; the speakers of the Dakota language and those
who understand the culture are advancing in years. Who will replace them when
they are gone? Who will there be to understand the Dakota language and all its
nuances, roles, history and spirituality? Who is going to reverse the trend
towards extinction? More than language is lost when a language disappears,
never to come back, never to be understood except as a collection of words.
)
We all have a great responsibility!
)
)
)
OWE AKHPE UNYANPI TOKATAKIYA IHUNIYA UN SDODUNYAPI KTE

We will be known forever by the footprints we leave.

)

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) Page iii
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Phonetic Word Chart

Phonetic Written Word English

Symbol Symbol Example Meaning

a a amakhpiya cloud
b b bdo potato
ch' ch' c'oc'oya gurgling
ch ch chokaya middle/centre
d d duzahe fast
e i mouth
a e etkiya toward
g g hoksidag the boy
gh gh ghu burn
h h hi tooth
kh kh khdo growl
k k kute shoot
k' k' k'ok'oya gulping noise
kg h hagha make
m m mni water
n n napcha swallow
ng ng otunwing the town
0 0 opetun buy
p p pute snout
p' p' p'o mist
p/b Q Qatush to bend over
s s sdohan crawl
sh sh shkumna sour
sh' sh' sh'a yell
tid ! !uwe who
t t tazushka ant
t' t' t'e die
u u uma peanut
w w wapepeka thorn
y y yuzuzu dismantle
z z zicha squirrel
~ (z) z ~an~an bottle
asin
pleasure

Page iv
)

Niwan Swim
)

Wani we wa-ni-we
I'm swimming

Yaniwe Ya-ni-we
You're swimming
)

Niwe Ni-we
She's I He's swimming

Un niwanpi Un-ni-wan-pi
We're swimming
)

) Niwanpi Ni-wan-pi
) They're swimming
)
)

)
Page 1
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Unpa Smoke

Channumupe Chan-nu-mu-pe
I'm smoking

Channunupe Chan-nu-nu-pe
You're smoking

Chanupe Cha-nu-pe
She's I He's smoking

Channuk'unpapi Chan-nu-k'un-pa-pi
We're smoking

Channupapi Chan-nu-pa-pi
They're smoking

Page 2
 Iktia Laugh

Iwakha I-wa-kha
")
I'm laughing
)
)
)
Iyaklia I-ya-kha
You're laughing

Iktia I-kha
She's I He's laughing

Unkiktiapi Un-ki-kha-pi
We're laughing
\
/

Iktiapi I-kha-pi
They're laughing
)

)
)

) Page 3
)
Yutitan Pull

Bdutitan Bdu-ti-tan
I'm pulling

Dutitan Du-ti-tan
You're pulling

Yutitan Yu-ti-tan
She's I He's pulling

Unyutitanpi Un-yu-ti-tan-pi
We're pulling

Yutitanpi Yu-ti-tan-pi
They're pulling

Page 4
Patan Push

Wapatal1 Wa-pa-tan
I'm pushing

Yapatan Ya-pa-tan
You're pushing

Patan Pa-tan
She's I He's pushing

Unpatanpi Un-pa-tan-pi
We're pushing

Patanpi Pa-tan-pi
They're pushing

Page 5
Yuwi Dress

Mihduwi Mi-hdu-wi
I'm getting dressed.

Nihduwi ni-hdu-wi
You're getting dressed

Ihduwi I-hdu-wi
She's I He's getting dressed

Unkihduwipi Un-ki-hdu-wi-pi
We're getting dressed.

Ihduwipi I-hdu-wi-pi
They're getting dressed

Page 6
Koza Wave

\ ...
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Nape wakoze Na-pe-wa-ko-ze
I'm waving my hand

Nape yakoze Na-pe-ya-ko-ze

You're waving your hand

Nape koze Na-pe-ko-ze

She's I He's waving

Nape unkozapi Na-pe-un-ko-za-pi

We're waving

Nape kozapi Na-pe-ko-za-pi

They're waving

Page 7
Mani Walk

Mawani Ma-wa-ni
I'm walking

Mayani Ma-ya-ni
You're walking

Mani ma-ni
She's I He's walking

Maunipi Ma-un-i-pi
We're walking

Manipi Ma-ni-pi
They're walking

Page 8
)

Cheti Make a fire

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j

Chewati Che-wa-ti
I'm making a fire

Cheyate Che-ya-te
You're making a fire

Cheti Che-ti
She's I He's making a fire

Cheuntipi Che-un-ti-pi
We're making a fire

Chetipi Che-ti-pi
) They're making a fire
)
)

) Page 9
)
 ~)

Kute Shoot )
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Wawakute Wa-wa-ku-te
I'm shooting )
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Wayakute Wa-ya-ku-te
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You're shooting
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Wakute Wa-ku-te )
She's I He's shooting )
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Waunkutapi Wa-un-ku-ta-pi
We're shooting )
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Wakutapi Wa-ku-ta-pi .J

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They're shooting

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Page 10 )
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Aku Bring

Mni awaku Mni-a-wa-ku

I'm bringing water

Mni ayaku Mni-a-ya-ku

You're bringing water

Mni aku Mni-a-ku

She's I He's bringing water

Mni unkakupi Mni-un-ka-ku-pi

We're bringing water

Mni akupi Mni-a-ku-pi

They're bringing water

Page 11
Kiza Fight

Wicha wakize Wi-cha-wa-ki-ze

I'm fighting

Wicha yakize Wi-cha-ya-ki-ze

You're fighting

Wicha kize Wi-cha-ki-ze

She's I He's fighting

Wichun kize Wi-chun-ki-ze

We're fighting

Kchizapi Kchi-za-pi
They're fighting

Page 12
Ope Get in (aboard)

Iyechinmni owape I-ye-chin-mni-o-wa-pe

I'm getting in a car

Iyechinmni oyape I-ye-chin-mni-o-ya-pe

You're getting in the car

Iyechinmni ope I-ye-chin-mni-o-pe

She's I He's getting in the car

Iyechinmni unkopapi I-ye-chin-mni-un-ko-pa-pi

We're getting in a car

Iyechinmni opapi I-ye-chin-mni-o-pa-pi

They're getting in a car

Page 13
Bde Go

Kuya bde Ku-ya-bde

I'm going down

Kuya de Ku-ya-de
You're going down

Kuya ye Ku-ya-ye
She's I He's going down

Ku yaunyanpi Ku-ya-un-yan-pi
We're going down

Kuya yapi Ku-ya-ya-pi

They're going down

Page 14
Ya Go

Wakan bde Wa-kan-bde

I'm going up

Wakan de Wa-kan-de
You're going up

Wakan ye Wa-kan-ye
She's I He's going up

Wakan unyanpi Wa-kan-un-yan-pi

We're going up

Wakan yapi Wa-kan-ya-pi

They're going up

Page 15
 )
)
)
Kagheghe Sew )
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Wawakagheghe Wa-wa-ka-ghe-ghe . )
I'm sewing )
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Wayakagheghe Wa-ya-ka-ghe-ghe )
You're sewing
. )
)

Wa-ka-ghe-ghe )
Wakagheghe
)
She's I He's sewing
)
)
)
Waunkagheghepi Wa-un-ka-ghe-ghe-pi )
We're sewing
)

Wakagheghepi Wa-kha-ghe-ghe-pi )

They're sewing
)
)
)

Page 16 )
,
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-\
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 Hokuwa Fishing

Howakuwa Ho-wa-ku-wa
I'm fishing

Hoyakuwa Ho-ya-ku-wa
You're fishing

Hokuwa Ho-ku-wa
She's I He's fishing

Hounkuwapi Ho-un-ku-wa-pi
-)
We're fishing

)
Hokuwapi Ho-ku-wa-pi
They're fishing

)
Page 17
)

)
Yupsicha Tossing/flipping )

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Bdupsiche Bdu-psi-che
I'm tossing/flipping
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Dupsiche Du-psi-che )
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You're tossing/flipping
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Yupsiche Yu-psi-che )
She's / He's tossing/flipping )
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Unyupsichapi Un-yu-psi-cha-pi .')

We're tossing/flipping
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Yupsichapi Yu-psi-cha-pi /
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They're tossing/flipping )
Page 18 )
)
)
1
 Kuwa Pursue

Wakuwa Wa-ku-wa
)
I'm pursuing

Yakuwa Ya-ku-wa
You're pursuing

Kuwa Ku-wa
She's I He's pursuing

Unkuwapi Un-ku-wa-pi
We're pursuing

Kuwapi Ku-wa-pi
They're pursuing

) Page 19
 )

Iyutanka Sit (get up)

)
)
)
)

)
)
)
)
)

)
)
)
)
Ibdutanke I-bdu-tan-ke )
I'm getting up )
)
)
Idutanke I-du-tan-ke )
You're getting up )
)
,)
)
Iyutanke I-yu-tan-ke
)
She's I He's getting up )
)

Unkiyutankapi Un-ki-yu-tan-ka-pi )
We're getting up )
)
)
Iyutankapi I-yu-tan-ka-pi )
)
They're getting up
)
)
Page 20 )
)
Yuzaza Wash

Mihduzaza Mi-hd u-za-za

I'm washing myself

Nihduzaza Ni-hdu-za-za
You're washing yourself

Ihduzaza I-hdu-za-za
She's I He's washing herself I himself

Unkihduzazapi Un-ki-hdu-za-za-pi
We're washing ourselves

Ihduzazapi I-hdu-za-za-pi
They're washing themselves

Page 21
 )
. )
Nazin Stand )
)
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Nawazin Na-wa-zin )
I'm standing )
)
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, )
Nayazin Na-ya-zin )
You're standing

)
Nazin Na-zin " )
She's I He's standing
)
)
)
Naunzinpi Na-un-zin-pi
)
We're standing
)

Nazinpi Na-zin-pi )
They're standing )
)
)
Page 22
 Iyutanka Sit

Ibdutanke I-bdu-tan-ke
I'm sitting

Idutanke I-du-tan-ke
You're sitting

Iyutanke I-yu-tan-ke
She's I He's sitting

Unkiyutankapi U n-ki-yu-tan-ka-pi
We're sitting
)
)
Iyutankapi I-yu-tan-ka-pi
They're sitting

Page 23
 )
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Yuhomni Turn )
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Mihduhomni Mi-hdu-ho-mni )
I'm turning around )
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Nihduhomni Ni-hdu-ho-mni ~ )
You're turning around
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Ihduhomni I-hdu-ho-mni )
She's I He's turning around <J
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Unkihduhomnipi Un-ki-hdu-ho-mni-pi )
We're turning around \
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Ihduhomnipi I-hdu-ho-mni-pi .)
They're turning around )
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Page 24 J
)
)
Wohdaka Talk

Wowahdake Wo-wa-had-ke
I'm talking

Woyahdake Wo-ya-hdake
You're talking

Wohdake Wo-hdake
She's I He's talking

Wounhdakapi Wo-un-hdaka-pi
We're talking

Wohdakapi Wo-hdaka-pi
They're talking

Page 25
Owa Write

Wowapi owawa Wo-wa-pi o-wa-wa

I'm writing
(I'm writing a letter)

Wowapi oyawa Wo-wa-pi o-ya-wa

You're writing
(You're writing a letter)

Wowapi owa Wo-wa-pi o-wa

She's I He's writing
(She's I He's writing a letter)

Wowapi unkowapi Wo-wa-pi un-ko-wa-pi

We're writing
(We're writing a letter)

Wowapi owapi Wo-wa-pi o-wa-pi

They're writing
(They're writing a letter)

Page 26
 Yushinyeya Surprised/Startled

/,
II

Yushinyamaye Yu-shin-ya-ma-ye
I'm surprised

Yushin yaniye Yu-shin ya-ni-ye

You're surprised

Yushinyaye Yu-shin-ya-ye
She's / He's surprised

Yushinyaunyanpi Yu-shi n-ya-un-yan-pi

We're surprised

Yushinyawichayapi Yu-shin-ya-wi-cha-ya-pi
)
They're surprised

Page 27
Kakcha Comb

II

Wahdakcha Wa-hda-kcha
I'm combing my hair

Yahdakcha Ya-had-kcha
You're combing my hair

Hdakcha Had-kcha
She's I He's combing her I his hair

Unhdakchapi Un-hda-kcha-pi
We're combing our hair

Hdakchapi Hda-kch-a-pi
They're combing their hair

Page 28
 Wota Ear

Wawate Wa-wa-te
I'm eating

) Wayate Wa-ya-te
) You're eating
)

Wote Wo-te
She's I He's eating

Wauntapi Wa-un-ta-pi
We're eating

)
Wotapi Wo-ta-pi
) They're eating
)
)

Page 29
Baksa Cut

Bawakse Ba-wa-kse
I'm cutting

Bayakse Ba-ya-kse
You're cutting

Bakse Ba-kse
She's I He's cutting

Baunksapi Ba-un-ksa-pi
We're cutting

Baksapi Ba-ksa-pi
They're cutting

Page 30
 Yuksa Cut

Bdukse Bdu-kse
I'm cutting

Dukse Du-kse
You're cutting (scissors)

Yukse Yu-kse
She's I He's cutting (scissors)

Unyuksapi Un-yu-ksa-pi
We're cutting (scissors)

Yuksapi Yu-ksa-pi
They're cutting (scissors)

)
)

) Page 31
)
Kaksa Chop ')
)
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Chan wakakse Chan-wa-ka-kse )
I'm chopping wood
)
)
Chan yakakse Chan-ya-ka-kse )
You're chopping wood )

)
Chan kakse chan-ka-kse )
She's I He's chopping wood )
)
)
)
Chan unkaksapi Chan-un-ka-ksa-pi
)
We're chopping wood

Chan kaksapi Chan-ka-ksa-pi

They're chopping wood
)
Page 32

)
1
Wachi Dance

Wawachi Wa-wa-chi
I'm dancing

Wayachi Wa-ya-chi
You're dancing

Wachi Wa-chi
She's I He's dancing

Waunchipi Wa-un-chi-pi
We're dancing

Wachipi Wa-chi-pi
They're dancing

Page 33
Owa Paint

Ti owawa Ti-o-wa-wa
I'm painting (wall)

Ti oyawa Ti-o-ya-wa
You're painting

Ti owa Ti-o-wa
She's I He's painting (wall)

Ti unkowapi Ti-un-ko-wa-pi
We're painting (wall)

Ti owapi Ti-o-wa-pi
They're painting (wall)

Page 34
 Kiye Play

Chandowan wakiye Chan-do-wan-wa-ki-ye

I'm playing music

Chandowan yakiye Chan-do-wan-yak-i-ye

You're playing music

Chandowan kiye Chan-do-wan-ki-ye

She's I He's playing music

Chandowan unkiyapi Chan-do-wan-un-ki-ya-pi

We're playing music

Chandowan kiyapi Chan-do-wan-ki-ya-pi

) They're playing music

Page 35
Yatkan Drink

Bdatke Bda-tke
I'm drinking

Datke Da-tke
You're drinking

Yatke Ya-tke
She's I He's drinking

Unyatkanpi Un-ya-tkan-pi
We're drinking

Yatkanpi Ya-tkan-pi
They're drinking

Page 36
 Hda Go home

Wahde Wa-hde
I'm going home

Yahde Ya-hde
1 You're going home

Hde Hde
She's I He's going home
." .-/

Unhdapi Un-hdapi
We're going home

. )

) Hdapi Hda-pi
)
They're going home
)
)
)

Page 37
)
 Iyokpi Happy

II
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Iyomakpi I-yo-ma-kpi
I'm happy

Iyonikpi I-yo-ni-kpi
You're happy

Iyokpi I-yo-kpi
She's I He's happy

Iyounkpipi I-yo-un-kpi-pi
We're happy
)

Iyokpipi I-yo-kpi-pi
)
They're happy

)
)
Page 39
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Ichan Shicha Sad )

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Ichan mashiche I-chan-ma-shi-che
)
I'm sad )
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Ichannishiche I-chan-ni-shi-che )
You're sad )
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Ichan shiche I-chan-shi-che )

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She's I He's sad
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Ichan unshichapi I-chan-un-shi-cha-pi
We're sad ./
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Ichanshichapi I-chan-shi-cha-pi )
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They're sad
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Page 40 )
\
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)

)
 Cheya Cry

a
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! ....

Wacheye Wa-che-ye
I'm crying

Yacheye Ya-che-ye
You're crying

Cheye Che-ye
She's I He's crying

Uncheyapi Un-c he-ya-pi

We're crying

)
Cheyapi Che-ya-pi
) They're crying

) Page 41
)

Psha Sneeze

Wapshe Wa-pshe
I'm sneezing
)
)
Yapshe Ya-pshe
You're sneezing

Pshe Pshe
She's I He's sneezing

Unpshapi un-psha-pi
We're sneezing

Pshapi Psha-pi
They're sneezing

Page 43
Iyowa Yawn "
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Iyowawaye I-yo-wa-wa-ye )

I'm yawning )
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Iyowayaye I-yo-wa-ya-ye
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You're yawning )
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Iyowa I-yo-wa )
She's I He's yawning )

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Iyowaunyanpi I-yo-wa-un-yan-pi .)
We're yawning )
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Iyowapi I-yo-wa-pi )
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They're yawning )
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Page 44
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· )

Kadhda Hot

Kadhda Kad-hda
She's I He's hot

Kadunhdapi Kad-un-had-pi
We're hot

)
Kadhdapi Kadhda-pi
)
They're hot

Page 45
Temni Sweating

/ ,(:)
() I I (:)

Temamni Te-ma-mni
I'm sweating

Tenimni Te-ni-mni
Your sweating

Temni Te-mni
She/He's sweating

Teunmnipi Te-un-mni-pi
We're sweating

Temnipi Te-mni-pi
They're sweating

Page 46
 Tamahecha Skinny (thin)

Mata mahecha Ma-ta-ma-he-cha

I'm skinny

Nitamahecha Ni-ta-ma-he-cha
You're skinny

··1

}
Tamahecha Ta-ma-he-cha
She's I He's skinny

Untamahechapi U n-ta-ma-he-cha-pi
) We're skinny

Tamahechapi Ta-ma-he-cha-pi
They're skinny
)

Page 47
)
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Chepa Fat )

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Machepe Ma-che-pe )
I'm fat
)
)
)
Nichepe Ni-che-pe )
You're fat
)
)
Chepe Che-pe
She's I He's fat )
)

Unchepapi Un-che-pa-pi \
)
We're fat

Chepapi Che-pa-pi )
They're fat

Page- 48 )
)

)
.)

Wayazanke Sick

Wamayazanke Wa-ma-ya-zan-ke
I'm sick

Waniyazanke Wa-ni-ya-zan-ke
You're sick

Wayazanke Wa-ya-zan-ke
She's I He's sick

Waunyazankapi Wa-un-ya-zan-ka-pi
We're sick

)
) Wayazankapi Wa-ya-zan-ka-pi
They're sick

Page 49
)
 )
)
Hokhpa Cough )
)
)
)
)
. )

)
)
)
)
C )

)
)
Howakhpe Ho-wa-khpe
)
I'm coughing
)
)
)
Hoyakhpe Ho-ya-khpe )
You're coughing . )

Hokhpe Ho-khpe )

She's I He's coughing . )

)
.' J
)
Hounkhpapi Ho-un-khpa-pi )
We're coughing )
, )
)
Hokhpapi Ho-khpa-pi
They're coughing )
, )

)
)

Page 50 )
)
)
)
)

Chuwita Cold (feeling)

I
') Machuwita Ma-chu-wi-ta
I'm cold

Nichiwita Ni-chi-wi-ta
You're cold

Chuwita Chu-wi-ta
She's I He's cold

Unchuwitapi Un-chu-wi-ta-pi
We're cold
)

Chuwitapi Chu-wi-ta-pi
) They're cold
)

)
)
Page 51
Inyankahan Run

Wainmnakahe Wa-i n-mna-ka-he

I'm running

Yainyankahe Ya-in-yan-ka-he
You're running

Inyankahe In-yan-ka-he
She's I He's running

Unkinyankahapi Un-kin-yan-ka-ha-pi
We're running

Inyankanhanpi In-yan-kan-han-pi
They're running

Page 52
 Dowan Sing

Wadowan Wa-do-wan
I'm singing

Yadowan Ya-do-wan
You're singing

Dowan Do-wan
She's I He's singing

Undowanpi Un-do-wan-pi
We're singing
)

Dowanpi Do-wan-pi
They're singing
)
Page 53
)
 )
.-)
Shkata Play
)
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.)
)
J

)
)
. )
)
)
Washkate Wa-shka-te )
I'm playing )
)
)
Yashkate Ya-shka-te
You're playing )
)

Shkate Shka-te )
She's I He's playing /

Unshkatapi Un-shka-ta-pi
We're playing

Shkatapi Shka-ta-pi )
)
They're playing

,
Page 54 )

)
)
)
)

Hoteda kichun Swing

)
')

)
Hoteda wech'un Ho-te-da-we-ch'un
I'm swinging

Hoteda yech'un Ho-te-da-ye-ch'un

You're swinging

Hoteda kich'un Ho-te-da-ki-ch'un

She's I He's swinging

Hoteda unkich'unpi Ho-te-da-un-ki-ch'un-pi

We're swinging
)

Hoteda kich'unpi Ho-te-da-ki-ch' un-pi

) They're swinging
)
) Page 55
)
\
;'
 )
)

Yawa Read )
)
/
\

)
)

, )
)
)
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)

)
)
Wowapi bdawa Wo-wa-pi-bda-wa )
I'm reading a book )
)
)
Wowapi dawa Wo-wa-pi-da-wa )
You're reading a book )
. )

Wowapiyawa Wo-wa-pi-ya-wa
She's I He's reading J
)

.. )
Wowapi unyawapi Wo-wa-pi-un-ya-wa-pi )
We're reading )
)

Wowapi yawapi Wo-wa-pi-ya-wa-pi

They're reading
)

)
\
Page 56 )

)
)
I