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REPORT ON COMPUTER NETWORKING

AND COMMUNICATION
Harshavardhan Dyavath
ID:201551043
Student, IIIT Vadodara

Abstract—Computer networks have become increasingly ubiquitous. However, with the increase in networked applications, there has
also been an increase in difficulty to manage and secure these networks. The proliferation of 802.11 wireless networks has heightened
this problem by extending networks beyond physical boundaries. We propose the use of spectral analysis to identify the type of
wireless network interface card (NIC).Computer networks are a system of interconnected computers for the purpose of sharing digital
information. The concept of a network began in 1962 when a server at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology was connected to a
server in Santa Monica, California. Since that time the proliferation of computers and computer networks has increased significantly.
One of the most significant challenges to networks is attacks on their resources caused by inadequate network security. The purpose
of this research project was to evaluate open source, free, intrusion detection systems and how easily they can integrate into an
existing network. Research was conducted for this study through a review of existing literature pertaining to intrusion detection systems
and how they function. The literature also highlighted previous studies conducted on intrusion detection systems, both commercial and
open source.

Index Terms—Computer networks,internet,data communication.

1 I NTRODUCTION
Today the world scenario is changing. Data Communica-
tion and network have changed the way business and other
daily affair works. Now, they rely on computer networks
and internetwork. A set of devices often mentioned as nodes
connected by media link is called a Network. A node can
be a device which is capable of sending or receiving data
generated by other nodes on the network like a computer,
printer etc. These links connecting the devices are called
Communication channels.computer network is mainly de-
rived from the iso and osi layers.The best we can give a
breif is internet.
Computer network is a telecommunication channel
through which we can share our data. It is also called data
network. The best example of computer network is Internet.
Computer network does not mean a system with control
unit and other systems as its slave. It is called a distributed
system
A network must be able to meet certain criteria, these are
mentioned below:
1) Performance
2) Reliability
3) Scalability
1.1 Performance
It can be measured in following ways : Transit time : It is the
time taken to travel a message from one device to another.
Response time : It is defined as the time elapsed between
enquiry and response. Other ways to measure performance
are :
1) Efficiency of software
2) Number of users
3) Capability of connected hardware
1.2 Reliability
It decides the frequency at which network failure take place.
More the failures are, less is the network’s reliability.
1.3 Security
It refers to the protection of data from the unauthorised user
or access. While travelling through network, data passes
many layers of network, and data can be traced if attempted.
Hence security is also a very important characteristic for
Networks.
2 P REREQUISITES
Students need an introductory course in probability, a strong
understanding of binary numbers, bits and bytes, and
knowledge of how computers lay out data in memory. They
should also be comfortable with algebra.
3 A DVANTAGES
Computer networks allow companies to store information
on databases that employees can access. Employees work-
ing on documents can store them on centralized databases
because they’re easier to back up than individual worksta-
tions. Internal cloud solutions can also aid in collaboration
by allowing multiple employees to work on the same items
in real time. Networks also make sharing hardware simpler.
Most printers and scanners, for example, can be connected
to a network that enables companies to avoid having to buy
more printers than necessary. Networks also allow employ-
ees to communicate with each other. Internal email and in-
stant messaging have become popular means of communi-
cation. Voice-over-Internet-protocol (VOIP) solutions allow
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companies to use their existing networking equipment to

provide internal phone service. Networks can be configured
to implement various safeguards. Internal spam filters can
save employees time, and virus scanners can check emails
for viruses and other malware. A network can also block
certain websites; schools often use this capability to keep
students from accessing inappropriate material when using
the school’s network.

TABLE 1
OSI Layering in Computer networks

S . NO OSI MODEL LAYERS TCP/IP PROTOCOL ARCHITECTURE

[1] Application layer Application layer
[2] Presentation layer Host to host trasnport layer
[3] Session layer Internet layer
[4] Transport layer Network interface layer
[5] Network layer
[6] Datalink layer
[7] Physical layer

4 C ONCLUSION
Computer communication, it seems, will become a much
more useful networking tool when large numbers of peo-
ple with similar interests acquire access to the technology.
Though it can expedite the formation of new interpersonal
networks by overcoming the space and time barriers faced
by traditional networking techniques, it still requires a great
deal of concentrated effort and resources to get the people to
use it. This problem should become increasingly minimized
over the coming years as the technological innovations
become more diffused throughout society.
The Native Computer Communications Network Project
was a good example of how a focus on creating a network
of computers does not necessarily ensure the interpersonal
networking of the potential users of that technology. If the
people were not communicating with each other before, de-
veloping another method of communication doesn’t mean
they’ll start. Computer networks tells us a draft informa-
tion on which the current world has been devoloping in
networking scheme.It also gives us wide information about
Wifis,Wlans in which today world is busy and widely using.

R EFERENCES
[1] Kalyan Shashidar . Sir, Lectureres, lecturer of DAIICT and Staff of
IIIT Vadodara.