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Dha 747
Dha 747
Dha 747
October - 2020
Reviewed By:
Dr. Muhammad Farooq Ahmed
Subsoil Investigation Report for the Construction of a Residential Building at Plot # 747-M, Phase-V, DHA Lahore
Subsoil Investigation Report for the Construction of a Residential Building
At Plot No. 747-M (20 Marla) , Phase-V, DHA Lahore
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 General 1
1.2 Purpose and Scope of Work 1
2 EXPLORATION METHODOLOGY 1
2.1 Exploratory Boring and Sampling 2
2.2 Laboratory Testing 2
2.3 Discussion on Field and Laboratory Test Results 2
3 GEOTECHNICAL EVALUATIONS 3
Illustrations 8
Subsoil Investigation Report for the Construction of a Residential Building at Plot # 747-M, Phase-V, DHA Lahore
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 General
Mr. Shahid Raza, requested to University of Engineering & Technology (UET), Lahore for the
preparation of subsoil investigation report for the construction of a residential building/house at
plot number 747-M, Phase-V, DHA Lahore. Dr Muhammad Arshad and Dr. Muhammad
Farooq Ahmed from Department of Geological Engineering, UET, Lahore were engaged to
prepare an interpretive report on the subsurface soil investigations carried out at the project site
for designing an appropriate foundation system for the required structure. Field investigations
were carried out through two number of the exploratory borehole, each up to a maximum depth
of 40 ft below the existing ground surface level (or Natural Ground Surface Level) which is 5.5
ft below the existing road level, approximately. Borehole locations are shown in Figure 1. The
fieldwork was carried out on 5/10/2020 under the supervision of a representative of Department
of Geological Engineering, UET, Lahore. The laboratory testing on the representative soil
samples was also conducted in the geotechnical engineering laboratory of the Department of
Geological Engineering, UET, Lahore. This report presents the findings of the geotechnical
investigations carried out in relation to a specific site, location and purpose.
2. EXPLORATION METHODOLOGY
Field explorations were carried out at the site through two number of boreholes, each one 40 ft
deep with reference to an existing footprint at locations shown in Figure-1 (Illustrations) while
the coordinates of these locations are mentioned on BH logs. The water table was not
Subsoil Investigation Report for the Construction of a Residential Building at Plot# 306-H, Phase-VI, DHA Lahore
Page 1
encountered up to the depth of exploration. Brief details of the methodology of the investigation
are outlined in the following sections:
The SPT-Resistance values (N-values), a detailed description of the subsurface soils encountered
and the depth at which soil samples were procured are shown on the boring log (Appendix-A).
Soil descriptions on the boring log are a compilation of the field and laboratory testing data. The
stratification lines represent the approximate boundary between soil types and transitions may be
assumed gradual. The engineering/mechanical properties of soils including the angle of internal
friction (ɸ'), moist unit (γb) weight, relative density (Dr) and unconfined compressive strength
(qu) can be evaluated on the basis of SPT „N' values. For this purpose in the existing literature
different ranges of the SPT „N' values have been identified to differentiate the numerical values
of the above-mentioned engineering/mechanical properties. Table 1 can be used to evaluate such
properties for a particular SPT „N‟ value as recommended by Terzaghi and others.
Subsoil Investigation Report for the Construction of a Residential Building at Plot# 306-H, Phase-VI, DHA Lahore
Page 2
Using grain size analyses of the data shows that strata are mostly silty-clay up to the
depth of 9 ft from the existing footprint, and below this, strata are silty-sand up to the
final depth of exploration of 40 ft. Collectively the lower formations of soil can be
considered as non-cohesive.
Based on SPT blows (N-values), the upper strata were found in firm to stiff state, and
below this, in general, in medium dense state up to the final depth of exploration of 40 ft
at both of the BH locations.
Natural moisture content (NMC) varies between 6.30‒23.43, and 2.64‒26.89% for
borehole 1 and 2 respectively, up to the exploration depth of 40 ft.
Plasticity Index of the selected/tested soil sample was found in the range 6‒9, leading to
the following interpretations:
PI=0 non-plastic
PI<7 low-plastic
PI >7 and <14 medium plastic
PI>14 highly plastic
A summary of LL and PL values is given on Table 2. Figure 2 shows plots of liquid limit and
plasticity index data on the Casagrande Plasticity Chart. The liquid limit of cohesive soil sample
was found in the range of 23‒27%. As per Unified Soil Classification System, strata can be
considered as the blend of CL-ML (CL is for inorganic clay of low to medium plasticity,
gravelly clay, sandy clay, silty clay and ML is for inorganic silt with very fine sand, clayey silt
with slight plasticity) or OL (organic silt and organic silty clay of low plasticity).
3. GEOTECHNICAL EVALUATIONS
Subsurface soils disclosed by two exploratory borehole shows that soil can be categorized as the
silty-clay to silty-sand. The actual thickness of each stratum along with SPT resistance (N-
values) is shown on the borehole log, (Appendix-A). Ground Water Table (GWT) was not
encountered up to the depth of exploration at the time of these investigations.
Subsoil Investigation Report for the Construction of a Residential Building at Plot# 306-H, Phase-VI, DHA Lahore
Page 3
safety of 3.0 to 4.0 is generally adopted for this purpose.
ii. Foundations should not settle excessively under the service loads. Settlement of 25 mm
is usually taken as permissible for strip footing and 50 mm to 100 mm for the raft.
iii. Foundations must stay safe under tensile, lateral, moment and earthquake loadings.
A representative value of allowable bearing capacity of the strip footing having 3 ft width and
placed at 3~4 ft depth below the existing natural surface level can be considered as 1.20 TSF
(≈130 KPa). This is worth to mention that existing footprint level in the plot area is almost, 1.5
ft below the existing road level and is suffering from undesirable vegetation.
Subsoil Investigation Report for the Construction of a Residential Building at Plot# 306-H, Phase-VI, DHA Lahore
Page 4
„N' value will prevail even below the exploratory borehole depth of 40 ft from the existing foot-
print (NSL).
The natural sub-grade should be properly compacted such that its density should not be less than
95% of the Modified Proctor density value. The compaction activity should be carried out under
the supervision of qualified staff along with quality control checks. Additionally, damp-proofing
measures including geo-textiles, polyethene sheets etc should be applied below the RCC Raft
slab. Concrete walls should also be coated with the bituminous coating, acrylic modified cement,
surface bonding mortar or any material permitted for waterproofing. However, explicit
application recommendations for the specific treatment provided by the manufactures should be
keenly observed. The above mentioned measures are more specifically intended when the rise of
the water table is expected with seasonal weather conditions. The use of ordinary Portland
cement is the existing standard practice in the project area.
Ks(T/ft3) = ( )
4.4 Seismicity
The project site (Lahore city) lies in Zone 2A, as per the revised Seismic Provisions (2007) of the
Building Code of Pakistan. This shows the probability of slight damage under the earthquakes
and corresponds to horizontal peak ground acceleration (PGA) of 0.08g to 0.16g. This
acceleration has a 10% probability of exceedance in 50 years period. In addition to that the
liquefaction potential of the site strata is almost negligible as per criterion identified in the
existing literature.
Subsoil Investigation Report for the Construction of a Residential Building at Plot# 306-H, Phase-VI, DHA Lahore
Page 5
4.5 Some Constructional Aspects
We recommend the following measures during the construction of the subject building/facility:
Proper surface drainage should be provided in the area and the area should be graded to
keep the surface runoff away from the structure.
To reduce ingress of water to foundation soils, plinth protection slab sloping away from
the structure in unpaved portion should be provided to ensure positive protection, the
plinth protection slab should extend beyond such portion of the structure at least 2.5 ft
from the face of the walls. A PCC layer, 4 inches thick, may be provided for this purpose.
It is highly desirable to provide a well compacted (not less than 95% of the Modified
Proctor density value) sand cushion of 1 ft thickness in two number of layers (each one 6
inch in thickness) below the floor finishes.
An experienced engineer should observe/monitor the construction activities to check that
the works are performed in accordance with the plans and specifications. Field and
laboratory tests should be performed to confirm that the material quality, compaction and
strength to meet the project specifications.
Retaining structure to provide the lateral stability to the foundation brickwork seems to
be mandatory, more specifically, when there is no building in the close vicinity of the
proposed residential structure/building.
Subsoil Investigation Report for the Construction of a Residential Building at Plot# 306-H, Phase-VI, DHA Lahore
Page 6
and retained to review our report to determine the applicability of the conclusions and
recommendations, considering the changed conditions and/or time lapse.
This report has been prepared on the bases of experimental data collected in the field and
laboratory by the staff of Department of Geological Engineering, UET, Lahore for the
recommendation of foundation types for the construction of residential building.
Paragraphs, statements, test results, boring logs, diagrams etc., should not be taken out of
the context and should not be utilized for any other structure at any site even in the close
vicinity of the proposed project locations discussed in this report.
Subsoil Investigation Report for the Construction of a Residential Building at Plot# 306-H, Phase-VI, DHA Lahore
Page 7
Illustrations
Subsoil Investigation Report for the Construction of a Residential Building at Plot# 306-H, Phase-VI, DHA Lahore
Page 8
Table 1. Empirical values for φ, qu, Dr and unit weight of soil based on SPT
Subsoil Investigation Report for the Construction of a Residential Building at Plot# 306-H, Phase-VI, DHA Lahore
Page 9
location of BHs
Approximate
Figure 1. Borehole Location through Google Map
70
60
50
Plasticity Index
40
30
CL - ML
20
CL or OL
10
ML or OL MH or OH
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Liquid Limit (%)
Subsoil Investigation Report for the Construction of a Residential Building at Plot# 306-H, Phase-VI, DHA Lahore
Page 10
Figure 3. Types of Shallow Foundations
Subsoil Investigation Report for the Construction of a Residential Building at Plot# 306-H, Phase-VI, DHA Lahore
Page 11
Figure 4. Field Testing in Progress
Subsoil Investigation Report for the Construction of a Residential Building at Plot# 306-H, Phase-VI, DHA Lahore
Page 12
Figure 5. Laboratory Testing in Progress
Subsoil Investigation Report for the Construction of a Residential Building at Plot# 306-H, Phase-VI, DHA Lahore
Page 13
University of Engineering & Technology,
Lahore
DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGICAL ENGINEERING
Engineering Geology & Geotechnical Engineering Laboratory
Client: Mr. Shahid Raza 747/M, Phase-V, DHA Your Ref.: Dated on 4/10/2020
Lahore
Consultant: Test Results Submitted on: 12/10/2020
Project: Construction of a Residential Building at Depth
Plot#747, Sector-M, Phase-V, DHA Lahore BH 01 SPT 1 3.0 ‒4.5
(ft)
Sieve Analysis as Per
Gravel Sand Silt/Clay
100 ASTM D 6913
ASTM D 422
90 Hydrometer type:
Percentage passing by mass (%)
80 152H
Gravel (%) 0.0
70 Sand (%) 4.0
Silt & Clay (%) 96.0
60 Sieve Size Passing
(mm) (%)
50
19.05 100.0
40 4.25 100.0
30 2 100.0
1.18 100.0
20 0.6 100.0
10 0.425 100.0
0.3 100.0
0
0.15 98.5
100 10 1 0.1 0.01 0.001
Opening size (mm) 0.075 96.0
Client: Mr. Shahid Raza 747/M, Phase-V, DHA Your Ref.: Dated on 4/10/2020
Lahore
Consultant: Test Results Submitted on: 12/10/2020
Project: Construction of a Residential Building at Depth
Plot#747, Sector-M, Phase-V, DHA Lahore BH 01 SPT 2 6.0 ‒7.5
(ft)
Sieve Analysis as Per
Gravel Sand Silt/Clay
100 ASTM D 6913
ASTM D 422
90 Hydrometer type:
Percentage passing by mass (%)
80 152H
Gravel (%) 4.0
70 Sand (%) 37.4
60 Silt & Clay (%) 58.6
Sieve Size Passing
50 (mm) (%)
19.05 100.0
40
4.25 96.0
30 2 96.0
20 1.18 96.0
0.6 96.0
10 0.425 93.6
0 0.3 90.6
100 10 1 0.1 0.01 0.15 78.6
Opening size (mm) 0.075 58.6
Client: Mr. Shahid Raza 747/M, Phase-V, DHA Your Ref.: Dated on 4/10/2020
Lahore
Consultant: Test Results Submitted on: 12/10/2020
Project: Construction of a Residential Building at Depth
Plot#747, Sector-M, Phase-V, DHA Lahore BH 01 SPT 3 9.0 ‒10.5
(ft)
Sieve Analysis as Per
Gravel Sand Silt/Clay
100 ASTM D 6913
ASTM D 422
90 Hydrometer type:
Percentage passing by mass (%)
80 152H
Gravel (%) 0.0
70 Sand (%) 5.0
60 Silt & Clay (%) 95.0
Sieve Size Passing
50 (mm) (%)
19.05 100.0
40
4.25 100.0
30 2 100.0
20 1.18 100.0
0.6 100.0
10 0.425 100.0
0 0.3 100.0
100 10 1 0.1 0.01 0.001 0.15 97.6
Opening size (mm) 0.075 95.0
Client: Mr. Shahid Raza 747/M, Phase-V, DHA Your Ref.: Dated on 4/10/2020
Lahore
Consultant: Test Results Submitted on: 12/10/2020
Project: Construction of a Residential Building at Depth
Plot#747, Sector-M, Phase-V, DHA Lahore BH 01 SPT 4 12.0 ‒13.5
(ft)
Sieve Analysis as Per
Gravel Sand Silt/Clay
100 ASTM D 6913
ASTM D 422
90 Hydrometer type:
Percentage passing by mass (%)
80 152H
Gravel (%) 0.6
70 Sand (%) 98.8
Silt & Clay
60 (%) 0.6
Sieve
50 Size Passing
40 (mm) (%)
19.05 100.0
30 4.25 99.4
20 2 99.4
1.18 99.4
10
0.6 99.4
0 0.425 99.4
100 10 1 0.1 0.01 0.3 96.3
Opening size (mm)
0.15 6.7
0.075 0.6
Client: Mr. Shahid Raza 747/M, Phase-V, DHA Your Ref.: Dated on 4/10/2020
Lahore
Consultant: Test Results Submitted on: 12/10/2020
Project: Construction of a Residential Building at Depth
Plot#747, Sector-M, Phase-V, DHA Lahore BH 01 SPT 5 15.0 ‒16.5
(ft)
Sieve Analysis as Per
Gravel Sand Silt/Clay
100 ASTM D 6913
ASTM D 422
90 Hydrometer type:
Percentage passing by mass (%)
80 152H
Gravel (%) 0.0
70 Sand (%) 95.1
Silt & Clay (%) 4.9
60 Sieve Size Passing
50 (mm) (%)
19.05 100.0
40 4.25 100.0
30 2 100.0
1.18 100.0
20
0.6 100.0
10 0.425 100.0
0.3 96.0
0 0.15 8.0
100 10 1 0.1 0.01 0.075 4.9
Opening size (mm)
Client: Mr. Shahid Raza 747/M, Phase-V, DHA Your Ref.: Dated on 4/10/2020
Lahore
Consultant: Test Results Submitted on: 12/10/2020
Project: Construction of a Residential Building at Depth
Plot#747, Sector-M, Phase-V, DHA Lahore BH 01 SPT 6 20.0 ‒21.5
(ft)
Sieve Analysis as Per
Gravel Sand Silt/Clay
100 ASTM D 6913
ASTM D 422
90 Hydrometer type:
Percentage passing by mass (%)
80 152H
Gravel (%) 0.0
70 Sand (%) 99.1
Silt & Clay
60 (%) 0.9
Sieve
50 Size Passing
40 (mm) (%)
19.05 100.0
30 4.25 100.0
20 2 100.0
1.18 100.0
10
0.6 100.0
0 0.425 100.0
100 10 1 0.1 0.01 0.3 96.7
Opening size (mm)
0.15 6.8
0.075 0.9
Client: Mr. Shahid Raza 747/M, Phase-V, DHA Your Ref.: Dated on 4/10/2020
Lahore
Consultant: Test Results Submitted on: 12/10/2020
Project: Construction of a Residential Building at Depth
Plot#747, Sector-M, Phase-V, DHA Lahore BH 01 SPT 7 25.0 ‒26.5
(ft)
Sieve Analysis as Per
Gravel Sand Silt/Clay
100 ASTM D 6913
ASTM D 422
90 Hydrometer type:
Percentage passing by mass (%)
80 152H
Gravel (%) 0.0
70 Sand (%) 6.1
60 Silt & Clay (%) 93.9
Sieve Size Passing
50 (mm) (%)
19.05 100.0
40
4.25 100.0
30 2 100.0
20 1.18 100.0
0.6 100.0
10 0.425 100.0
0 0.3 100.0
100 10 1 0.1 0.01 0.001 0.15 97.4
Opening size (mm) 0.075 93.9
Client: Mr. Shahid Raza 747/M, Phase-V, DHA Your Ref.: Dated on 4/10/2020
Lahore
Consultant: Test Results Submitted on: 12/10/2020
Project: Construction of a Residential Building at Depth
Plot#747, Sector-M, Phase-V, DHA Lahore BH 01 SPT 8 30.0 ‒31.5
(ft)
Sieve Analysis as Per
Gravel Sand Silt/Clay
100 ASTM D 6913
ASTM D 422
90 Hydrometer type:
Percentage passing by mass (%)
80 152H
Gravel (%) 0.0
70 Sand (%) 97.0
Silt & Clay
60 (%) 3.0
Sieve
50 Size Passing
40 (mm) (%)
19.05 100.0
30 4.25 100.0
20 2 100.0
1.18 100.0
10
0.6 100.0
0 0.425 100.0
100 10 1 0.1 0.01 0.3 94.4
Opening size (mm)
0.15 14.1
0.075 3.0
Client: Mr. Shahid Raza 747/M, Phase-V, DHA Your Ref.: Dated on 4/10/2020
Lahore
Consultant: Test Results Submitted on: 12/10/2020
Project: Construction of a Residential Building at Depth
Plot#747, Sector-M, Phase-V, DHA Lahore BH 01 SPT 9 35.0 ‒36.5
(ft)
Sieve Analysis as Per
Gravel Sand Silt/Clay
100 ASTM D 6913
ASTM D 422
90 Hydrometer type:
Percentage passing by mass (%)
80 152H
Gravel (%) 0.0
70 Sand (%) 91.0
Silt & Clay
60 (%) 9.0
Sieve
50 Size Passing
40 (mm) (%)
19.05 100.0
30 4.25 100.0
20 2 100.0
1.18 100.0
10
0.6 100.0
0 0.425 100.0
100 10 1 0.1 0.01 0.3 97.4
Opening size (mm)
0.15 18.0
0.075 9.0
Client: Mr. Shahid Raza 747/M, Phase-V, DHA Your Ref.: Dated on 4/10/2020
Lahore
Consultant: Test Results Submitted on: 12/10/2020
Project: Construction of a Residential Building at Depth
Plot#747, Sector-M, Phase-V, DHA Lahore BH 01 SPT 10 40.0 ‒41.5
(ft)
Sieve Analysis as Per
Gravel Sand Silt/Clay
100 ASTM D 6913
ASTM D 422
90 Hydrometer type:
Percentage passing by mass (%)
80 152H
Gravel (%) 0.0
70 Sand (%) 91.3
60 Silt & Clay (%) 8.7
Sieve Size Passing
50 (mm) (%)
19.05 100.0
40
4.25 100.0
30 2 100.0
20 1.18 100.0
0.6 100.0
10 0.425 100.0
0 0.3 94.5
100 10 1 0.1 0.01 0.15 15.7
Opening size (mm) 0.075 8.7
Client: Mr. Shahid Raza 747/M, Phase-V, DHA Your Ref.: Dated on 4/10/2020
Lahore
Consultant: Test Results Submitted on: 12/10/2020
Project: Construction of a Residential Building at Depth
Plot#747, Sector-M, Phase-V, DHA Lahore BH 02 SPT 1 3.0 ‒4.5
(ft)
Sieve Analysis as Per
Gravel Sand Silt/Clay
100 ASTM D 6913
ASTM D 422
90 Hydrometer type:
Percentage passing by mass (%)
80 152H
Gravel (%) 2.1
70 Sand (%) 9.0
Silt & Clay (%) 88.9
60 Sieve Size Passing
(mm) (%)
50
19.05 100.0
40 4.25 97.9
30 2 97.9
1.18 97.9
20 0.6 97.9
10 0.425 97.9
0.3 97.8
0
0.15 94.2
100 10 1 0.1 0.01 0.001
Opening size (mm) 0.075 88.9
Client: Mr. Shahid Raza 747/M, Phase-V, DHA Your Ref.: Dated on 4/10/2020
Lahore
Consultant: Test Results Submitted on: 12/10/2020
Project: Construction of a Residential Building at Depth
Plot#747, Sector-M, Phase-V, DHA Lahore BH 02 SPT 2 6.0 ‒7.5
(ft)
Sieve Analysis as Per
Gravel Sand Silt/Clay
100 ASTM D 6913
ASTM D 422
90 Hydrometer type:
Percentage passing by mass (%)
80 152H
Gravel (%) 2.5
70 Sand (%) 10.5
60 Silt & Clay (%) 87.0
Sieve Size Passing
50 (mm) (%)
19.05 100.0
40
4.25 97.5
30 2 97.5
20 1.18 97.5
0.6 97.5
10 0.425 97.5
0 0.3 96.0
100 10 1 0.1 0.01 0.001 0.15 92.0
Opening size (mm) 0.075 87.0
Client: Mr. Shahid Raza 747/M, Phase-V, DHA Your Ref.: Dated on 4/10/2020
Lahore
Consultant: Test Results Submitted on: 12/10/2020
Project: Construction of a Residential Building at Depth
Plot#747, Sector-M, Phase-V, DHA Lahore BH 02 SPT 9 35.0 ‒36.5
(ft)
Sieve Analysis as Per
Gravel Sand Silt/Clay
100 ASTM D 6913
ASTM D 422
90 Hydrometer type:
Percentage passing by mass (%)
80 152H
Gravel (%) 0.0
70 Sand (%) 93.7
60 Silt & Clay (%) 6.3
Sieve Size Passing
50 (mm) (%)
19.05 100.0
40
4.25 100.0
30 2 100.0
20 1.18 100.0
0.6 100.0
10 0.425 100.0
0 0.3 95.0
100 10 1 0.1 0.01 0.15 13.0
Opening size (mm) 0.075 6.3
Client: Mr. Shahid Raza 747/M, Phase-V, DHA Your Ref.: Dated on 4/10/2020
Lahore
Consultant: Test Results Submitted on: 12/10/2020
Project: Construction of a Residential Building at Depth
Plot#747, Sector-M, Phase-V, DHA Lahore BH 02 SPT 10 40.0 ‒41.5
(ft)
Sieve Analysis as Per
Gravel Sand Silt/Clay
100 ASTM D 6913
ASTM D 422
90 Hydrometer type:
Percentage passing by mass (%)
80 152H
Gravel (%) 0.0
70 Sand (%) 99.0
Silt & Clay
60 (%) 1.0
Sieve
50 Size Passing
40 (mm) (%)
19.05 100.0
30 4.25 100.0
20 2 100.0
1.18 100.0
10
0.6 100.0
0 0.425 100.0
100 10 1 0.1 0.01 0.3 95.2
Opening size (mm)
0.15 16.2
0.075 1.0
Light brown 3
firm silty clay
6 with 1-20 mm SPT-2 6 22.16
concretion
6
Light brown stiff
9 silty clay SPT-3 9 22.99
9
Light grey
12 medium dense SPT-4 11 5.99
silty sand 12
Depth (ft)
Light grey loose
15 silty sand SPT-5 12 6.46 15
Not Encountered
18
Light grey
20 medium dense SPT-6 5 8.26
silty sand
21
Light brown
25 medium dense SPT-7 13 18.44 24
clayey silt
27
Light grey
30 medium dense SPT-8 14 23.43
sand
30
Light grey
35 medium dense SPT-9 18 6.30 33
sand
36
Light grey
40 medium dense SPT-10 18 9.56
sand
39
Light grey
Depth (ft)
15 medium dense SPT-5 12 7.40 15
silty sand
Not Encountered
Light grey 18
20 medium dense SPT-6 14 2.93
silty sand
21
Light brown
25 medium dense SPT-7 18 2.76 24
clayey silt
Light grey
27
30 medium dense SPT-8 17 3.52
sand
30
Light grey
35 medium dense SPT-9 18 11.92 33
sand
36
Light grey
40 medium dense SPT-10 21 2.64
sand
39