Gender and Society
It covers the three
Module 1:
Chapter I: Introduction
Chapter II Leveling Off: Gender and Sexuality
Sex refers to biological and physiological
characteristics.
Gender refers to socially constructed roles,
behaviors, activities, and attributes.
Difference Between Sex and Gender
Sex Gender
 Physiological  Social
 Related to  Cultural
reproduction  Learned behavior
 Congenital  Changes over time
 Unchanging  Varies within a
culture/among
cultures
Gender role socialization is defined as the
process of learning and internalizing cultural
approved ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving.
Genders Stereotypes defined as an
overgeneralization of characteristics, differences
and attributes of a certain group based on their
gender.
1. Sex stereotypes occurs when someone has a
preconceived idea about how someone should
be, act, or behave on the basis of that person’s
sex.
2. Sexual stereotypes – the generalization of a
person’s abilities and limitations based on the
known tendencies of that person’s sex
3. Sex-role stereotypes are the shared
expectations within a society or social group
regarding what is appropriate behavior for men
and women
4. Compounded stereotypes are assumptions
about a specific group belonging to a gender.
SOGIE (Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity
and Expression)
Sexuality is the expression of a person’s thoughts,
feelings, sexual orientation and relationship, as well
as the biology of the sexual response system of that
person.
1. Sexual Orientation is a term used to refer to
a person's pattern of emotional, romantic, and
sexual attraction to people of a particular
gender (male or female).
dimensions of sexuality, namely:
a. Sexual attraction, sexual behavior, sexual
fantasies
b. Emotional preference, social preferences,
self- identification
c. Heterosexual or homosexual lifestyle
2. Gender identity means a person’s internal
sense of whether they’re male or female, both,
or neither. It’s a person’s internal, deeply-held
sense of one’s gender.
3. Gender expression a person’s gender is
expressed outwardly through their name,
pronouns, clothing, haircut, behavior, voice, or
body characteristics.
LGBTQIA (Lesbian, Gay, Transgender, Queer/
Questioning, Intersex, Asexual)
Heteronormativity is defined as the notion that
being heterosexual, or the attraction to the opposite
sex, is the standard for correctness.
Heterosexual, or straight, refers to people who
have sexual and romantic feelings mostly for
opposite gender.
Homosexual describes people who have sexual
and romantic feelings for the same gender.
Cisgender is someone whose gender identity
corresponds with his or her biological sex.
Lesbian pertains to women who are attracted to
other women.
Gay refers to men who are attracted to other men.
Bisexual or “bi” denotes people who are attracted
to both genders.
Transgender is an umbrella term that refers to
someone whose assigned sex at birth does not
represent his or her gender identity.
Sexism is defined as the prejudice against a certain
sex.
Gender equality is defined as a recognition of the
state that all human beings are free to enjoy equal
conditions and fulfil their human potential to
contribute to the state and society.