GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS

UNIT 01
Q1. GIS STANDS FOR
1. GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM
2. GENERIC INFORMATION SYSTEM
3. GEOLOGICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM
4. GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SHARING
Q2. GIS DEALS WITH WHICH KINDS OF DATA
1. NUMERIC DATA
2. BINARY DATA
3. SPATIAL DATA
4. COMPLEX DATA
Q3. SPATIAL DATA REFERS TO __________ DATA RELATIVE TO EARTH’S SURFACE
1. PHYSICAL
2. POSITIONAL
3. PRIMARY
4. LOGICAL
Q4. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING STATEMENT IS TRUE ABOUT THE CAPABILITIES OF GIS
1. DATA CAPTURE AND PREPARATION
2. DATA MANAGEMENT
3. DATA MANIPULATION AND ANALYSIS
4. DATA PRESENTATION
5. ALL OF THE ABOVE
Q5. BY ‘SPATIAL DATA’ WE MEAN DATA THAT HAS
1. COMPLEX VALUES
2. POSITIONAL VALUES
3. GRAPHIC VALUES
4. DECIMAL VALUES
Q6. WHAT IS ‘METADATA’?
1. IT IS DATA ABOUT DATA
2. IT IS METEOROLOGICAL DATA
3. IT IS OCEAN DATA
4. IT IS CONTOUR DATA
Q7. KEY COMPONENTS OF ‘SPATIAL DATA’ QUALITY INCLUDE
1. POSITIONAL ACCURACY
2. TEMPORAL ACCURACY
3. LINEAGE AND COMPLETENESS
4. LOGICAL CONSISTENCY
5. ALL OF THE ABOVE
Q8.’SPATIAL DATABASES’ ARE ALSO KNOWN AS
1. MONODATABASES
2. GEODATABASES
3. CONCURRENT DATABASES
4. NONE OF THE ABOVE
Q9. WHAT IS GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM
1. IS A SOFTWARE ONLY
2. IS A HARDWARE COMPONENT
3. IS A COMBINATION OF GIS SOFTWARE AND HARDWARE
4. NONE OF THE ABOVE
Q10. GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SCIENCE(GISC) CAN BE DEFINED AS:
1. THE USE OF GIS TO SOLVE PHYSICAL PROBLEM
2. THE SCIENCE BEHIND GIS
3. THE EPISTEMOLOGICAL STUDY OF GIS
4. THE APPLICATION OF GIS TO A RANGE OF SCIENTIFIC DISCIPLINES
Q11.SUCCESSFUL SPATIAL ANALYSIS NEEDS
1. APPROPRIATE SOFTWARE
2. APPROPRIATE HARDWARE
3. COMPONENT USER
4. ALL OF THE ABOVE
Q12. SPATIAL DATA IS ALSO KNOWN AS ___________
1. GEO-REFERENCED DATA
2. TEMPORAL DATA
3. PRIMARY DATA
4. COMPLEX DATA
Q13. INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ORGANIZATION(ISO) CONSIDERS QUALITY TO BE
1. THE TOTALITY OF CHARACTERISTICS OF A PRODUCT THAT BEAR ON ITS ABILITY TO
SATISFY ONLY STATED NEED.
2. THE TOTALITY OF CHARACTERISTICS OF A PRODUCT THAT BEAR ON ITS ABILITY TO
SATISFY ONLY IMPLIED NEED.
3. THE TOTALITY OF CHARACTERISTICS OF A PRODUCT THAT BEAR ON ITS ABILITY TO
SATISFY A STATED AND IMPLIED NEED.
4. NONE OF THE ABOVE
Q14.WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS RELATED TO GIS
1. EUCLIDEAN SPACE
2. RAMANUJAN SPACE
3. PYTHAGORIAN SPACE
4. NONE OF THE ABOVE
Q15. A (GEOGRAPHIC) FIELD IS GEOGRAPHIC PHENOMENA FOR WHICH, FOR EVERY POINT IN THE
STUDY AREA
1. A VALUE IS MISSING
2. A VALUE CAN BE DETERMINE
3. A VALUE CANNOT BE DETERMINE
4. A VALUE IS NOT RELEVANT
Q16. PROCESSING OF GEO-REFERENCED DATA IS KNOWN AS _________
1. INFORMATION
2. GEO-INFORMATION
3. KNOWLEDGE
4. PROCESS DATA
Q17. ___________ IS THE ART AND SCIENCE OF MAP MAKING.
1. TRANSLATION
2. CARTOGRAPHY
 3. ENCRYPTION
4. DECRYPTION
Q18. WHICH MODELS ARE AN IMPORTANT CLASS OF DYMANIC MODELS?
1. SIMULATION MODELS
2. EMULATION MODELS
3. DATA MODELS
4. NONE OF THE ABOVE
5. ALL OF THE ABOVE
Q19. __________ IS THE PROCESS OF PRODUCING ABSTRACTION OF THE ‘REAL WORLD’.
1. MAPPING
2. MODELLING
3. TRANSLATING
4. DIGITIZING

Q20. THE FOLLOWING ARE THE EXAMPLES OF ‘GEOGRAPHIC FIELDS’

1. AIR TEMPERATURE
2. BAROMETRIC PRESSURE
3. ELEVATION
4. ALL OF THE ABOVE
Q21. FIELDS CAN BE
1. DISCRETE ONLY
2. CONTINUOUS ONLY
3. DISCRETE OR CONTINUOUS
4. NONE OF THE ABOVE
Q22. EXAMPLE OF ‘CONTINUOUS FIELDS’ ARE
1. TRAFFIC CONDITION
2. AIR TEMPERATURE
3. POPULATION
4. ALL OF THE ABOVE
5. NONE OF THE ABOVE
Q23. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS TRUE ABOUT ‘DISCRETE FIELDS’?
1. DISCRETE FIELDS DIVIDE THE STUDY SPACE IN MUTUALLY EXCLUSIVE, BOUNDED PARTS,
WITH ALL LOCATIONS IN ONE PART HAVING THE SAME FIELD VALUE
2. ‘LAND CLASSIFICATION’ IS AN EXAMPLE OF DISCRETE FIELDS
3. DISCRETE FIELDS MAKE USE OF ‘BOUNDED’ FEATURES
4. ALL OF THE ABOVE
Q24.WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS TRUE ABOUT ‘NOMINAL DATA VALUES’
1. THEY ARE VALUES THAT PROVIDE A NAME OR IDENTIFIER SO THAT WE CAN
DISCRIMINATE BETWEEN DIFFERENT VALUES
2. TRUE COMPUTATIONS CANNOT BE DONE WITH THESE VALUES
3. WHEN THE VALUES ASSIGNED ARE SORTED ACCORDING TO SOME SET OF NON-
OVERLAPPING CATEGORIES, THEY ARE CALLED ‘CATEGORICAL DATA’
4. ALL OF THE ABOVE
Q25. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS TRUE ABOUT ‘ORDINAL DATA VALUES’?
1. THEY ARE DATE VALUES THAT CAN BE PUT IN SOME NATURAL SEQUENCE BUT THAT DO
NOT ALLOW ANY OTHER TYPE OF COMPUTATION
 2. AN EXAMPLE OF ORDINAL DATA VALUE IS CLASSIFYING HOUSEHOLD INCOME AS ‘LOW’,
‘AVERAGE’ OR ‘HIGH’
3. BOTH ‘1’ & ‘2’
4. NONE OF THE ABOVE
Q26. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS TRUE ABOUT ‘INTERNAL DATA VALUES’?
1. THEY ARE QUANTITIES, IN THAT THEY ALLOW SIMPLE FORMS OF COMPUTATION LIKE
ADDITION & SUBTRACTION
2. THEY DO NOT SUPPORT MULTIPLICATION OR DIVISION
3. CENTIGRADE TEMPERATURES ARE INTERNAL DATA VALUES
4. ALL OF THE ABOVE
Q27. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS TRUE ABOUT ‘RATIO DATA VALUES’?
1. THEY ALLOW MOST, IF NOT ALL, FORMS OF ARITHMETIC COMPUTATION
2. MULTIPLICATION & DIVISION OF VALUES ARE POSSIBLE
3. THEY HAVE A NATURAL ZERO VALUE
4. CONTINUOUS FIELDS CAN HAVE RATIO DATA VALUES
5. ALL OF THE ABOVE
Q28. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS TRUE?
1. NOMINAL & CATEGORICAL DATA VALUES ARE REFERRED TO AS ‘QUANTITATIVE DATA’
2. INTERNAL & RATIO DATA IS KNOWN AS ‘QUALITATIVE DATA’
3. ORDINAL DATA NOT REFERS TO A RANKING SCHEME OR SOME KIND OF HIERARCHICAL
PHENOMENA
4. NONE OF THE ABOVE
Q29.INTERPOLATION IS MADE POSSIBLE BY A PRINCIPLE CALLED
1. SPATIAL AUTOCORRELATION
2. SPATIAL AUTO-CORRECTION
3. THEMATIC AUTOCORRELATION
4. THEMATIC AUTO-CORRECTION
Q30. THE FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLE WHICH REFERS TO THE FACT THAT LOCATIONS THAT ARE
CLOSER TOGETHER ARE MORE LIKELY TO HAVE SIMILAR VALUES THAN LOCATIONS THAT ARE
FAR APART, IS COMMONLY REFERRED TO AS
1. KEPLER’S FIRST LOW OF GEOGRAPHY
2. TOBLER’S FIRST LAW OF GEOGRAPHY
3. ANTHONY’S FIRST LAW OF GEOGRAPHY
4. THOMPSON’S FIRST LAW OF GEOGRAPHY
Q31. A ________ IS A SET OF REGULARLY SPACED (AND CONTIGUOUS) CELLS WITH ASSOCIATED
(FIELD) VALUES. THE ASSOCIATED VALUES REPRESENT CELL VALUES, NOT POINT VALUES. THIS
MEANS THAT THE VALUE FOR A CELL IS ASSUMED TO BE VALID FOR ALL LOCATIONS WITHIN THE
CELL
1. CRYSTAL
2. POLYGON
3. SEGMENT
4. RASTER
Q32.WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS TRUE
1. TESSELLATIONS PARTITION THE STUDY SPACE INTO CELLS & ASSIGN A VALUE TO EACH
CELL
2. A RASTER IS A REGULAR TESSELLATION WITH SQUARE CELLS (BY FAR THE MOST
COMMONLY USED)
 3. BOTH ‘1’ & ‘2’
4. NONE OF THE ABOVE
Q33. TIN STANDS FOR
1. TRAFFIC INTERNET NETWORK
2. TRIANGULATED IRREGULAR NETWORK
3. TEMPORAL INTEREST NETWORK
4. TEMPERATURE INTERFACE NODE
Q34.THE ‘BOUNDARY MODEL’ IS SOMETIMES CALLED
1. TOPOLOGICAL DATA MODEL
2. TEMPORAL DATA MODEL
3. TOPOLOGICAL DISCRETE MODEL
4. TEMPORAL DISCRETE MODEL
Q35. A ________ IS PARTITIONING OF SPACE INTO MUTUALLY EXCLUSIVE CELLS THAT TOGETHER
MAKE UP THE COMPLETE STUDY SPACE.
1. TRIANGULATION
2. TESSELLATION
3. MANIPULATION
4. NONE OF THE ABOVE
Q36. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING RELATIONSHIPS IS CORRECT?
1. POINT: (0-SIMPLEX)
2. LINE SEGMENT: (1-SIMPLEX)
3. TRIANGLE: (2-SIMPLEX)
4. TETRAHEDRON: (3-SIMPLEX)
5. ALL OF THE ABOVE
Q37. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING STATEMENTS ARE TRUE ABOUT THE ‘TEMPORAL DIMENSION’?
1. TIME CANNOT BE MEASURED ALONG A ‘DISCRETE’ OR ‘CONTINUOUS’ SCALE.
2. VALID TIME (OR WORLD TIME) IS THE TIME WHEN AN EVENT REALLY HAPPENED, OR A
STRING OF EVENTS TOOK PLACE.
3. TIME CANNOT BE CONSIDERED TO BE ‘LINEAR’ EXTENDING FROM PAST TO THE PRESENT
(‘NOW’), & INTO THE FUTURE
4. TIME CAN BE REPRESENTED AS ‘ABSOLUTE’ OR ‘RELATIVE’
5. BOTH ‘2’ & ‘4’
6. BOTH ‘1’ & ‘3’
Q38. _________ ARE GEOGRAPHIC PHENOMENA THAT OCCUR EVERYWHERE IN THE STUDY AREA

1. OBJECTS
2. FIELDS
3. LINES
4. SEGMENT
Q39. _________ ARE GEOGRAPHIC PHENOMENA THAT OCCUR ‘SPARSELY’ OVER THE STUDY AREA
1. SEGMENTS
2. FIELDS
3. LINES
4. OBJECTS
Q40. ___________ DATA MODELS ARE WAYS OF ORGANIZING REPRESENTATIONS OF SPACE AND TIME
IN GIS
1. TEMPORAL
2. SPATIAL
 3. SPATIOTEMPORAL
4. NONE OF THE ABOVE
UNIT 02
Q1. UTMS STANDS FOR
1. UNIVERSAL MOBILE TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEM
2. UNION MOBILE TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEM
3. UNIVERSAL MOBILE TELEPHONE SYSTEM
4. UNION MOBILE TELEPHONE SYSTEM
Q2. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING ARE FULL-FLEDGED GIS PACKAGES?
1. ILWIS
2. GEOMEDIA
3. ARCGIS
4. CORP
5. ALL OF THE ABOVE
Q3. A GIS PACKAGES CANNOT BE CALLED FULL-FLEDGED IF THE FOLLOWING CAPABILITIES ARE
MISSING
1. DATA CAPTURE AND PREPARATION
2. DATA STORAGE
3. DATA ANALYSIS
4. PRESENTATION AND SPATIAL DATA
5. ALL OF THE ABOVE
Q4. WHAT ARE THE MAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF GIS SOFTWARE PACKAGE?
1. ANALYSIS FUNCTIONS
2. ANALYTICS FUNCTIONS
3. MATHEMATICAL FUNCTIONS
4. STATIC FUNCTIONS
Q5. WHAT IS GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM CONSISTS
1. SOFTWARE, DATA, PEOPLE, INFRASTRUCTURE
2. HARDWARE, INFORMATION, MONEY, RESOURCES
3. NONE OF THE ABOVE
4. BOTH ‘1’ & ‘2’
Q6. DATA CAN BE COLLECTED THROUGH FIRST HAND OBSERVATION CALLED AS ________ SOURCE
1. PRIMARY
2. SECONDARY
3. TERTIARY
4. EXTERNAL
Q8. SPATIAL DATA IS USUALLY STORED AS _________
1. RASTER
2. POLYGON
3. SEGMENT
4. LAYERS
Q9. SDI STANDS FOR
1. SPATIAL DATA INTERFACE
2. SPATIAL DATA INFRASTRUCTURE
3. SPATIAL DATA INTENTION
4. SPATIAL DATA INTERNATIONAL
Q10. ISO STANDS FOR
 1. INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION
2. INTERNAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION
3. INTERNATIONAL STANDARDIZATION FOR ORGANIZATION
4. INTERNAL STANDARDIZATION FOR ORGANIZATION
Q11. OGC STANDS FOR
1. ORGANIZATION GEOSPATIAL CONSORTIUM
2. OPEN GEOSPATIAL CONSORTIUM
3. OPEN GEOSPATIAL CONVERSION
4. ORGANIZATION GEOSPATIAL CONVERSION
Q12. WHICH ARE THE FACILITIES ARE PROVIDED BY SPATIAL DATA INFRASTRUCTURE
1. FINDING
2. DELETING
3. VIEWING
4. NONE OF THE ABOVE
5. BOTH ‘1’ & ‘3’
Q13. ________ IS THE FIELD THAT PROVIDES PHOTOGRAPHS AND IMAGES AS THE RAW BASE DATA
1. CENTRAL SENSING
2. REMOTE SENSING
3. CLOSE SENSING
4. NONE OF THE ABOVE
Q14. VECTOR DATA TYPES DESCRIBE OBJECTS THROUGH ITS __________
1. FIELDS
2. OBJECTS
3. BOUNDARY
4. NONE OF THE ABOVE
Q15. IN 2D RASTER APPROACH CELLS ARE CALLED AS
1. BIT
2. PIXEL
3. VOLEX
4. BYTE
Q16. IN 3D RASTER APPROACH CELLS ARE CALLED AS
1. BYTE
2. BIT
3. PIXEL
4. VOLEX
Q17. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING STATEMENT IS TRUE?
1. GIS SOFTWARE PACKAGES PROVIDE SUPPORT FOR ONLY SPATIAL DATA
2. GIS SOFTWARE PACKAGES PROVIDE SUPPORT FOR ONLY ATTRIBUTE DATA
3. GIS SOFTWARE PACKAGES PROVIDE SUPPORT FOR BOTH SPATIAL AND ATTRIBUTE DATA
4. NONE OF THE ABOVE
Q18. ________ IS USE FOR COMPLEX DATA STRUCTURE REPRESENTATION
1. RASTER
2. VECTOR
3. SENSOR
4. LOOP
Q19. ________ IS USE FOR SIMPLE DATA STRUCTURE REPRESENTATION
1. VECTOR
 2. RASTER
3. SENSOR
4. NONE OF THE ABOVE
Q20. ________QUERY IS A SPECIAL TYPE OF QUERY SUPPORTED BY GEODATABASES AND SPATIAL
DATABASES
1. SPATIAL
2. TEMPORAL
3. SPATIOTEMPORAL
4. COMPLEX
Q21. SDSS STANDS FOR
1. SPATIAL DATA SUPPORT SYSTEM
2. SPACE DATA SUPPORT SYSTEM
3. SPATIAL DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM
4. SPATIOTEMPORAL DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM
Q22. SPATIAL DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM (SDSS) COMPOSED OF FOLLOWING
1. DATABASE
2. GIS SOFTWARE
3. MODELS
4. KNOWLEDGE ENGINE
5. ALL OF THE ABOVE
Q23. IN GIS DATA ARE USUALLY GROUPED INTO _______
1. OBJECTS
2. FIELDS
3. LAYERS
4. NONE OF THE ABOVE
Q24. DBMS STANDS FOR
1. DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
2. DATABASE MONITORING SYSTEM
3. DATABASE MANUFACTURING SYSTEM
4. DATABASE MIXING STATION
Q25. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS TRUE ABOUT DBMS?
1. A DBMS PROVIDES A HIGH-LEVEL, ‘DECLARATION QUERY LANGUAGE’
2. A DBMS DOES NOT SUPPORT THE USE OF A ‘DATA MODEL’
3. A DBMS DOES NOT INCLUDE ‘DATA BACKUP’ AND ‘RECOVERY’ FUNCTIONS TO ENSURE
DATA AVAILABILITY AT ALL TIMES
4. A DBMS NOT ALLOWS THE CONTROL OF ‘DATA REDUNDANCY’
5. ALL OF THE ABOVE
Q26. WHAT ARE THE VARIOUS REASONS FOR WHICH DBMS IS USED?
1. A DBMS SUPPORTS THE STORAGE AND MANIPULATION OF VERY LARGE DATA SETS
2. A DBMS CAN BE INSTRUCTED TO GUARD OVER DATA CORRECTNESS
3. A DBMS SUPPORTS THE CONCURRENT USE OF THE SAME DATA SET BY MANY USERS
4. ALL OF THE ABOVE
Q27. IMPORTANT ASPECT OF DATA CORRECTNESS IN DBMS IS ________
1. RECTIFICATION
2. DATA ENTRY CHECKING
3. DATA EXIT CHECKING
4. NONE OF THE ABOVE
Q28. RULE CHECK IN DBMS IS KNOWN AS __________
1. PRIMARY KEY CONSTRAINTS
2. NOT NULL CONSTRAINTS
3. INTEGRITY CONSTRAINTS
4. FOREIGN KEY CONSTRAINTS
Q29. USE OF DATABASE BY MULTIPLE PERSONS AT THE SAME TIME, WITHOUT AFFECTING EACH
OTHERS ACTIVITY IS CALLED ___________
1. CONCURRENCY CONTROL
2. INTEGRITY CONTROL
3. REDUNDANCY CONTROL
4. NONE OF THE ABOVE
Q30. THE COMMONLY USE DATA MODEL IN DBMS IS
1. NETWORK DATA MODEL
2. HIERARCHICAL DATA MODEL
3. RELATIONAL DATA MODEL
4. ENTITY RELATIONSHIP DATA MODEL
Q31. TUPLES ARE ALSO KNOWN AS _______
1. RECORD
2. COLUMN
3. ATTRIBUTE
4. NONE OF THE ABOVE
Q32. IN DBMS STORING A FACT MULTIPLE TIMES IS KNOWN AS _________
1. CONCURRENCY
2. REDUNDANCY
3. INTEGRITY
4. PROJECTION
Q33. DATABASE IS COLLECTION OF _______
1. TUPLES
2. FIELDS
3. TABLES
4. ATTRIBUTES
Q34. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING STATEMENT IS TRUE?
1. TUPLE IN THE SAME RELATION HAVE THE SAME NAMED FIELD
2. TUPLE IN THE SAME RELATION HAVE THE DIFFERENT NAMED FIELD
3. TUPLE IN THE DIFFERENT RELATION HAVE THE SAME NAMED FIELD
4. NONE OF THE ABOVE
Q35. TWO TUPLES OF THE SAME RELATION INSTANCE CAN HAVE IDENTICAL _______ VALUES
1. PRIMARY KEY
2. FOREIGN KEY
3. NOT NULL KEY
4. NONE OF THE ABOVE
Q36. THE FIRST QUERY OPERATOR IS CALLED _______
1. FIELD SELECTION
2. TUPLE SELECTION
3. OBJECT SELECTION
4. ATTRIBUTE SELECTION
Q37. THE SECOND QUERY OPERATOR IS CALLED _______
 1. TUPLE PROJECTION
2. TUPLE SELECTION
3. ATTRIBUTE PROJECTION
4. ATTRIBUTE SELECTION
Q38. SQL STANDS FOR
1. STRUCTURED QUERY LANGUAGE
2. SIMPLE QUERY LANGUAGE
3. SINGLE QUERY LANGUAGE
4. SYSTEM QUERY LANGUAGE
Q39. A ‘DATA MODEL’ IS A LANGUAGE THAT ALLOWS THE DEFINITION OF
1. THE ‘STRUCTURES’ THAT WILL BE USED TO STORE THE BASE DATA
2. THE ‘INTEGRITY CONSTRAINTS’ THAT THE STORED DATA HAS TO OBEY AT ALL MOMENTS
IN TIME
3. THE ‘COMPUTER PROGRAMS’ USED TO MANIPULATE THE DATA
4. ALL OF THE ABOVE
UNIT 03
Q1. WHICH ARE THE TWO MAIN REFERENCE SURFACES TO APPROXIMATE THE SHAPE OF THE
EARTH
1. GID, EID
2. GEOID, ELLIPSOID
3. GEO, ELLIPSO
4. NONE OF THE ABOVE
Q2. THE ________ IS THE DEVIATION BETWEEN GEOID AND A REFERENCE ELLIPSOID
1. GEOID SEPARATION
2. ELLIPSOID SEPARATION
3. GEOID SPACE
4. ELLIPSOID SPACE
Q3. THE DIRECTION OF GRAVITY IS KNOWN AS __________
1. PUMP-LINE
2. LUMB-LINE
3. GLUMB-LINE
4. PLUMB-LINE
Q4. DUE TO IRREGULARITIES IN DISTRIBUTION THE GLOBAL OCEAN RESULTS IN UNDULATED
SURFACE, WHICH IS CALLED AS _______
1. ELLIPSOID
2. GEOID
3. GEOID SEPARATION
4. NONE OF THE ABOVE
Q5. PLUMB-LINE TROUGH ANY SURFACE POINT IS ALWAYS __________ TO GEOID
1. CENTER
2. PARALLEL
3. PERPENDICULAR
4. LEFT
Q6. GEOID IS USED TO DESCRIBE ________
1. HEIGHT
2. WIDTH
 3. RANGE
4. NONE OF THE ABOVE
Q7. THE HEIGHT OF A POINT IN MUMBAI WITH RESPECT TO TIDE GAUGE IS MEASURED USING
TECHNIQUE KNOWN AS _________
1. GRAPH LEVELLING
2. GEODETIC LEVELLING
3. ELLIPSODETIC LEVELLING
4. NONE OF THE ABOVE
Q8. THE HEIGHT DETERMINE WITH RESPECT TO TIDE-GAUGE STATION IS KNOWN AS _________
HEIGHT
1. BORTHOMETRIC
2. ORTHOMETRIC
3. VORTHOMETRIC
4. ORTHOMAGIC
Q9. LOCAL MEAN SEA LEVEL IS ALSO CALLED AS ________
1. GLOBAL VERTICAL DATUMS
2. VOCAL VERTICAL DATUMS
3. LOCAL VERTICAL DATUMS
4. NONE OF THE ABOVE
Q10. THE LOCAL DATUM IS IMPLEMENTED THROUGH A __________
1. LABELING NETWORK
2. LEVELING NETWORK
3. LABELING CONNECTION
4. LEVELING CONNECTION
Q11. AN ELLIPSOID IS FORMED WHEN AN ELLIPSE IS ROTATED ABOUT ITS ________
1. MAJOR AXIS
2. SEMI-MAJOR AXIS
3. MINOR AXIS
4. FLATTENING
Q12. GRS STANDS FOR
1. GEODETIC REFERENCE SYSTEM
2. GEOID REFERENCE SYSTEM
3. GEODETIC REFERENCE SYMBOL
4. GEO REFERENCE SYMBOL
Q13. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING ARE GEODETIC POSITIONING TECHNIQUE?
1. TRIANGULATION
2. TRILATERATION
3. NONE OF THE ABOVE
4. BOTH 1 & 2
Q14. ITRS STANDS FOR
1. INTERNATIONAL TERRESTRIAL REFERENCE SYSTEM
2. INTERNAL TERRESTRIAL REFERENCE SYSTEM
3. INTERNAL TERRESTRIAL REFERENCE SYMBOL
4. INTERNATIONAL TERRESTRIAL REFERENCE SYMBOL
Q15. ITRS IS REALISED THROUGH _________
1. INTERNATIONAL TERRESTRIAL REFERENCE ORGANIZATION
2. INTERNATIONAL TERRESTRIAL REFERENCE FIRM
 3. INTERNATIONAL TERRESTRIAL REFERENCE FRAME
4. NONE OF THE ABOVE
Q16. WGS84 STANDS FOR
1. WIDE GEODETIC SYSTEM 1984
2. WORLD GEODETIC SYSTEM 1984
3. WIDE GEODETIC SYSTEM 1884
4. WORLD GEODETIC SYSTEM 1884
Q17. _________ IN INDIA IS A SYSTEM THAT PROVIDES ACCURATE REAL-TIME POSITIONING AND
TIMING SERVICES
1. INDIAN REGIONAL NAVIGATION SATELLITE SYSTEM
2. WORLD GEODETIC SYSTEM
3. NATIONAL MAPPING ORGANIZATION
4. NONE OF THE ABOVE
Q18. LINES OF EQUAL LONGITUDE ARE CALLED AS ________
1. PARALLELS
2. PERPENDICULARS
3. MERIDIANS
4. NONE OF THE ABOVE
Q19. LINES OF EQUAL LATITUDE ARE CALLED AS _________
1. PARALLELS
2. PERPENDICULARS
3. MERIDIANS
4. NONE OF THE ABOVE
Q20. A ________ IS A MATHEMATICALLY DESCRIBED TECHNIQUE TO REPRESENT EARTH’S CURVED
SURFACE ON A FLAT MAP
1. MAP SELECTION
2. MAP PROJECTION
3. MAP DISTORTION
4. PROJECTION
Q21. SATELLITE TO USER RANGE CAN BE CALCULATED BY USING WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING
METHODS?
1. RELATIVE POSITIONING
2. ABSOLUTE POSITIONING
3. CARRIER WAVE
4. PSEUDO RANGING
Q22. WHICH ARE THE HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATIONS IS SET-UP BY SATELLITE-BASED
POSITIONING
1. SPACE SEGMENT
2. CONTROL SEGMENT
3. USER SEGMENT
4. ALL OF THE ABOVE
Q23. THE DETERMINATION OF A POSITION BASED ON THREE DISTANCES IS CALLED _____________
1. TRIANGULATION
2. TRILATERATION
3. TRIAL
4. TRANSFORMATION
Q24. GMT STANDS FOR
 1. GREEN MEAN TIME
2. GREEN MEDIUM TIME
3. GREENWICH MEDIUM TIME
4. GREENWICH MEAN TIME
Q25. WHICH OF THE VERSIONS UT HAS?
1. UT0
2. UT1
3. UTC
4. ALL OF THE ABOVE
Q26. TAI STANDS FOR
1. INTERNAL AVERAGE TIME
2. INTERNATIONAL AVERAGE TIME
3. TIME AVERAGE INTERNATIONAL
4. INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC TIME
Q27. ERRORS RELATED TO SPACE SEGMENT INCLUDES
1. INCORRECT SPACE
2. INCORRECT CLOCK READING
3. INCORRECT ORBIT POSITION
4. BOTH 1 & 2
5. BOTH 2 & 3
Q28. RELATIVE POSITIONING IS ALSO KNOWN AS _________
1. DIFFER POSITIONING
2. SIMILAR POSITIONING
3. DIFFERENTIAL POSITIONING
4. NONE OF THE ABOVE
Q29. THE NAVSTAR GPS CONSISTS OF _____ SATELLITES OPERATED BY U.S DEPARTMENT OF
DEFENSE
1. 24
2. 14
3. 25
4. 20
Q30. NAVIC STANDS FOR
1. NAVIGATION WITH INDIAN CONSORTIUM
2. NAVIGATION WITH INDIAN CONSTELLATION
3. NAVIGATION WITH ITALY CONSTELLATION
4. NONE OF THE ABOVE
Q31. WHAT ARE FORMS OF DIGITIZING
1. ON-TABLE
2. ON-SCREEN
3. ON-DISPLAY
4. BOTH 1 & 2
5. BOTH 2 & 3
Q32. DPI STANDS FOR
1. DOTS PER INCH
2. DOTS PER INDEX
3. DOTS PER INFORMATION
4. NONE OF THE ABOVE
Q33. THE PROCESS OF DISTILLING POINTS, LINES AND POLYGONS FROM SCANNED IMAGE IS
CALLED __________
1. RASTERIZATION
2. VECTORIZATION
3. DIGITIZATION
4. NONE OF THE ABOVE
Q34. _________ CAN BE USED FOR AUTOMATIC DETECTION OF GRAPHIC SYMBOLS AND TEXT
1. OPTICAL CHARACTER RECOGNITION
2. OPTIC CHARACTER RECOGNITION
3. ORGANIZE CHARACTER RECOGNITION
4. OPTIMAL CHARACTER RECOGNITION
Q35. CHOICE OF DIGITIZING TECHNIQUE DEPENDS ON
1. QUALITY
2. COMPLEXITY
3. CONTENTS OF INPUT DOCUMENTS
4. ALL OF THE ABOVE
Q36. SPATIAL DATA INFRASTRUCTURE MAKES DATA AVAILABLE THROUGH _________
1. SPATIAL DATA CLEARINGHOUSE
2. SPACE DATA TEMPORAL
3. SPATIAL DATA CLEARHOME
4. NONE OF THE ABOVE
Q37. METADATA INCLUDES THE FOLLOWING
1. IDENTIFICATION INFORMATION
2. DATA QUALITY INFORMATION
3. ENTITY AND ATTRIBUTE INFORMATION
4. ALL OF THE ABOVE
Q38. MEASUREMENT ERRORS ARE GENERALLY DESCRIBED IN TERMS OF ________
1. POSITION
2. SPACE
3. ACCURACY
4. TIME
Q39.NOMINAL OR CATEGORICAL DATA DEALS WITH ___________ ACCURACY
1. NUMERICAL
2. LABELING
3. LOGICAL
4. NONE OF THE ABOVE
Q40.NUMERICAL DATA DEALS WITH ___________ ACCURACY
1. NUMERICAL
2. LABELING
3. LOGICAL
4. NONE OF THE ABOVE
Q41. _________ DESCRIBE HISTORY OF DATA SET
1. COMPLETENESS
2. INTEGRITY
3. LINEAGE
4. ALL OF THE ABOVE
Q42. ___________ IS THE PROCESS OF JOINING TWO OR MORE MAP SHEETS ,AFTER DIGITIZING THEM
SEPARATELY
1. LINE MATCHING
2. SQUARE MATCHING
3. EDGE MATCHING
4. NONE OF THE ABOVE
Q43. CALCULATION OF VALUE FROM SURROUNDING OBSERVATION MEANS _______
1. INTERPRETATION
2. TRANSLATION
3. CONVERSION
4. INTERPOLATION
Q44. IN INVERSE DISTANCE WEIGHTING (IDW) WINDOW IS ALSO CALLED AS ________
1. KERNEL
2. RASTER
3. FIELD
4. OBJECT
Q45 WHICH ARE INTERPOLATION TECHNIQUE FOR CONTINUOUS DATA
1. KRIGGING
2. TREND SURFACE FITTING
3. DIGITIZATION
4. BOTH 1 & 2
5. BOTH 2 & 3
UNIT 04
Q1. __________ FUNCTION ALLOW THE SELECTIVE SEARCH OF DATA
1. RETRIEVAL
2. MEASUREMENT
3. GENERALIZATION
4. CLASSIFICATION
Q2. _________ IS FUNCTION THAT JOINS DIFFERENT CLASSES OF OBJECTS
1. RETRIEVAL
2. MEASUREMENT
3. GENERALIZATION
4. CLASSIFICATION

Q3. __________ FUNCTION ALLOW THE CALCULATION OF DISTANCES, LENGTHS OR AREA

1. RETRIEVAL
2. MEASUREMENT
3. GENERALIZATION
4. CLASSIFICATION

Q4. WHICH FUNCTIONS ALLOW THE RETRIEVAL OF FEATURES THAT FALL WITHIN A GIVEN
SEARCH WINDOW
1. SEARCH FUNCTION
2. RETRIEVAL FUNCTION
3. MEASUREMENT FUNCTION
4. NONE OF THE ABOVE
Q5. WHICH ARE TYPES OF WINDOW THE SEARCH FUNCTION HAS
1. RECTANGLE
2. CIRCLE
3. POLYGON
4. ALL OF THE ABOVE
Q6. WHICH IS THE BEST-KNOWN NEIGHBOURHOOD FUNCTION
1. RETRIEVAL
2. MEASUREMENT
3. BUFFER ZONE GENERATION
4. NONE OF THE ABOVE
Q7. _________ FUNCTION PREDICT UNKNOWN VALUES USING THE KNOWN VALUES AT NEARBY
LOCATION
1. INTERPOLATION
2. SEARCH
3. GENERALIZATION
4. BUFFER ZONE GENERATION
Q8. LINES THAT CONNECT POINTS WITH THE SAME VALUE IS CALLED _________ LINES
1. PARALLEL
2. PERPENDICULAR
3. CONTOUR
4. NONE OF THE ABOVE
Q9. WHICH FUNCTION WORKS ON THE BASIS OF NETWORKS
1. CONNECTIVITY
2. INTERPOLATION
3. SEARCH
4. GENERALIZATION
Q10. __________ FUNCTIONS ARE USED TO COMPUTE THE POINTS VISIBLE FROM A GIVEN LOCATION
1. SEARCH
2. VISIBLE
3. INTERPOLATION
4. NONE OF THE ABOVE
Q11. MEASUREMENT WORKS ON WHICH TYPES OF DATA
1. VECTOR DATA
2. RASTER DATA
3. BOTH 1 & 2
4. NONE OF THE ABOVE
Q12. PRIMITIVES OF VECTOR DATA SETS ARE
1. POINT
2. POLY(LINE)
3. POLYGON
4. ALL OF THE ABOVE
Q13. ___________ IS A GEOMETRIC PROPERTY ASSOCIATED WITH POLYLINES
1. WIDTH
2. LENGTH
3. HEIGHT
4. SIZE
Q14. _________ IS ASSOCIATED WITH POLYGON FEATURE
 1. WIDTH
2. LENGTH
3. HEIGHT
4. AREA SIZE
Q15. FEATURES THAT INTERSECT OR MEET, OR WHEN ONE CONTAINS THE OTHER HAVE
DISTANCE OF _____
1. 1
2. 0
3. 2
4. 3
Q16. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWINGS ARE LOGICAL CONNECTIVITIES?
1. AND
2. OR
3. NOT
4. ALL OF THE ABOVE
Q17. THE _________ CONNECTIVE CAN BE USED TO NEGATE A CONDITION
1. NOT
2. AND
3. OR
4. NONE OF THE ABOVE
Q18. IN __________ CLASSIFICATION, A USER SELECTS THE ATTRIBUTE THAT WILL BE USED AS THE
CLASSIFICATION METHOD
1. USER-CONTROLLED
2. USER-ENVIRONMENT
3. USER-VARIABLE
4. NONE OF THE ABOVE
Q19. WHICH ARE TECHNIQUES OF DETERMINING BREAK POINTS IN AUTOMATIC CLASSIFICATION
1. EQUAL INTERVAL TECHNIQUE
2. EQUAL FREQUENCY TECHNIQUE
3. BOTH 1 & 2
4. NONE OF THE ABOVE
Q20. EQUAL FREQUENCY TECHNIQUE IS ALSO KNOWN AS ________
1. QUANTILE CLASSIFICATION
2. CLUSTERING
3. CLASSIFICATION
4. NONE OF THE ABOVE
Q21. ________ IS A TECHNIQUE OF COMBINING TWO SPATIAL DATA LAYERS AND PRODUCING A
THIRD FROM THEM
1. MERGING
2. COMBINING
3. OVERLAY
4. NONE OF THE ABOVE
Q22. DISADVANTAGE OF RASTER OVERLAY OPERATOR IS
1. ECONOMICALLY
2. GEOMETRICALLY
3. MATHEMATICALLY
4. NONE OF THE ABOVE
Q23. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWINGS ARE OPERATORS?
1. ARITHMETIC
2. LOGICAL AND COMPARISON
3. CONDITIONAL
4. ALL OF THE ABOVE
Q24. ___________ FUNCTION IS USE TO FIND CHARACTERISTICS OF THE VICINITY OF A LOCATION
1. NEIGHBOURHOOD
2. SEARCH
3. MEASUREMENT
4. INTERPOLATION
Q25. WHICH FUNCTIONS ARE BASED ON THE ASSUMPTION THAT THE PHENOMENON SPREADS IN
ALL DIRECTIONS?
1. NEIGHBOURHOOD
2. DIFFUSION
3. INTERPOLATION
4. ALL OF THE ABOVE
Q26. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING STATEMENTS ARE TRUE
1. SLOP CONVEXITY IS NEGATIVE WHEN SLOP IS CONCAVE
2. SLOP CONVEXITY IS POSITIVE WHEN SLOP IS CONVEX
3. BOTH 1 & 2
4. NONE OF THE ABOVE
Q27. A ______ IS A CONNECTED SET OF LINES, REPRESENTING SOME GEOGRAPHIC
PHENOMENON
1. OBJECT
2. FIELD
3. POLYGON
4. NETWORK
Q28. WHAT ARE FUNCTIONS OF NETWORK ANALYSIS
1. OBJECT FINDING
2. OPTIMAL PATH FINDING
3. NETWORK PARTITIONING
4. BOTH 1 & 3
5. BOTH 2 & 3
Q29. __________ CAN BE DEFINED AS THE TOTAL LENGTH OF ALL LINES ON PATH
1. PATH FINDING FUNCTION
2. INTERPOLATION FUNCTION
3. COST FUNCTION
4. NONE OF THE ABOVE
Q30. ___________ IS PERFORMED WHEN WE WANT TO UNDERSTAND WHICH PART OF A NETWORK IS
CONDITIONALLY CONNECTED
1. NETWORK ANALYSIS
2. TRACE ANALYSIS
3. COST ANALYSIS
4. NONE OF THE ABOVE
Q31. _________ REFERS TO THE OPERATIONAL COMPONENTS OF THE MODEL
1. GEOLOGY
2. METHODOLOGY
 3. SPATIOLOGY
4. NONE OF THE ABOVE

Q32. ____________ MODEL USE STATISTICAL OR PROBABILITY FUNCTION TO REPRESENT RANDOM OR

SEMI-RANDOM BEHAVIOUR OF PHENOMENA
1. STOCHASTIC
2. DETERMINISTIC
3. CLASSIFICATION
4. ALL OF THE ABOVE
Q33. AGGREGATE MODEL USES ________ DATA
1. INDIVIDUAL
2. RANDOM
3. GROUPED
4. NONE OF THE ABOVE
Q34. __________ IS THE TERM CHOSEN TO REFER TO WHETHER A MODEL IS STATIC OR DYNAMIC AND
SPATIAL OR ASPATIAL
1. DIMENSIONALITY
2. TIME
3. SPACE
4. NONE OF THE ABOVE
Q35. IN DYNAMIC MODEL ______ IS AN ESSENTIAL APPROACH
1. SPACE
2. TIME
3. DIMENSION
4. ALL OF THE ABOVE
Q36. ___________ REFERS TO HOW THE MODEL USES EXISTING THEORY OR KNOWLEDGE TO CREATE
NEW KNOWLEDGE
1. CONNECTION LOGIC
2. IMPLEMENTATION LOGIC
3. BOTH 1 & 2
4. NONE OF THE ABOVE
UNIT 05
Q1. _______ IS A TOOL FOR REPRESENTING GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION IN A WAY THAT IS VISUAL,
DIGITAL OR TACTILE
1. MODEL
2. MATHEMATICAL MODEL
3. LOGICAL MODEL
4. MAP
Q2. MAP CAN BE USED AS ______ TO GIS
1. INPUT
2. OUTPUT
3. RAW DATA
4. NONE OF THE ABOVE
Q3. THE _________ IS THE RATIO BETWEEN A DISTANCE ON THE MAP AND CORRESPONDING
DISTANCE IN REALITY
1. DISTANCE
 2. SPEED
3. MAP SCALE
4. ALL OF THE ABOVE
Q4. MAPS THAT SHOW MUCH DETAIL OF A SMALL AREA ARE CALLED ________ MAPS
1. THEMATIC
2. SMALL-SCALE
3. LARGE-SCALE
4. NONE OF THE ABOVE
Q5. CONVERSION OF MAP FROM ONE SCALE TO ANOTHER LEADS THE PROBLEM OF _________
1. SELECTION
2. GENERALIZATION
3. PROJECTION
4. DIGITIZATION
Q6. TRADITIONALLY MAPS ARE DIVIDED INTO ____________
1. TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS
2. THEMATIC MAPS
3. BOTH 1 & 2
4. NONE OF THE ABOVE
Q7. A __________ MAP VISUALIZES, LIMITED BY ITS SCALE, THE EARTH’S SURFACE AS ACCURATELY
AS POSSIBLE.
1. TOPOGRAPHIC
2. THEMATIC
3. SOCIO ECONOMIC
4. NONE OF THE ABOVE
Q8. TOPOGRAPHIC MAP INCLUDES _______
1. INFRASTRUCTURE
2. LAND USE
3. GEOGRAPHIC NAMES
4. ALL OF THE ABOVE
Q9. ___________MAPS REPRESENT THE DISTRIBUTION OF PARTICULAR THEMES
1. TOPOGRAPHIC
2. THEMATIC
3. SOCIO ECONOMIC
4. NONE OF THE ABOVE
Q10.THEMATIC MAP INCLUDES THEMES LIKE
1. SOCIO ECONOMIC THEMES
2. PHYSICAL THEMES
3. BOTH 1 & 2
4. NONE OF THE ABOVE
Q11. __________ MAP WILL NEED MORE TOPOGRAPHIC DATA THAN MOST _________ MAPS
1. THEMATIC, SOCIO-ECONOMIC
2. PHYSICAL, SOCIO-ECONOMIC
3. SOCIO-ECONOMIC, PHYSICAL
4. SOCIO-ECONOMIC, THEMATIC
Q12. THE DESIGN OF THEMATIC MAPS SHOULD BE BASED ON A SET OF __________ RULES
1. CARTOGRAPHIC
2. THEMATIC
 3. PHYSICAL
4. NONE OF THE ABOVE
Q13. CARTOGRAPHIC RULES ARE ALSO CALLED AS ________
1. GRAMMAR CHECK
2. CONVENTIONS
3. CARTOGRAPHIC GRAMMAR
4. NONE OF THE ABOVE
Q14. FOUR DIMENSION INCLUDES ________
1. TIME
2. SPACE
3. SPEED
4. ALL OF THE ABOVE
Q15. __________PROCESS IS CONSIDERED TO BE THE TRANSLATION OR CONVERSION OF SPATIAL
DATA FROM A DATABASE INTO GRAPHICS
1. CARTOGRAPHIC GRAMMAR
2. CARTOGRAPHIC VISUALIZATION
3. CARTOGRAPHIC RULES
4. CARTOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS
Q16. VISUALIZATION PROCESS DEPENDS ON WHICH FACTORS
1. PLACE
2. PURPOSE
3. BOTH 1 & 2
4. NONE OF THE ABOVE
Q17. _________ ADDRESSES THE MEANINGFUL REDUCTION OF THE MAP CONTENT DURING SCALE
REDUCTION
1. SELECTION
2. GENERALIZATION
3. PROJECTION
4. DIGITIZATION
Q18. DURING VISUALIZATION PROCESS WHICH QUESTIONS TO BE ANSWERED FOR SPATIAL
DATABASE
1. WHAT WILL BE THE SCALE OF THE MAP: LARGE, SMALL, OTHER?
2. ARE WE DEALING WITH TOPOGRAPHIC OR THEMATIC DATA?
3. DATA REPRESENTED ARE OF A QUANTITATIVE OR QUALITATIVE NATURE?
4. ALL OF THE ABOVE
Q19. ____________ HAVE ALL KIND OF TOOLS AVAILABLE TO VISUALIZE THE DATA
1. CARTOGRAPHERS
2. ADMINISTRATOR
3. MANAGER
4. OWNER
Q20. TOOLS AVAILABLE FOR VISUALIZING DATA CONSIST OF _______
1. FUNCTIONS
2. RULES
3. HABITS
4. ALL OF THE ABOVE
Q21.WHAT IS THE MEANING OF VISUALIZATION ACCORDING TO DICTIONARY
1. TO MAKE CLEAR
 2. TO MAKE UNDERSTAND
3. TO MAKE VISIBLE
4. NONE OF THE ABOVE
Q22. SOFTWARE TOOLBOX’S FUNCTIONALITY IS BASED ON WHICH KEY WORDS
1. INTERACTION
2. DYNAMICS
3. BOTH 1 & 2
4. NONE OF THE ABOVE
Q23. ___________ OFFERS THE USER THE POSSIBILITY OF INSTANTANEOUSLY CHANGING THE
APPEARANCE OF A MAP
1. SCIENTIFIC VISUALIZATION
2. VISUALIZATION
3. DIGITIZATION
4. NONE OF THE ABOVE
Q24. SCIENTIFIC VISUALIZATION IS ALSO KNOWN AS ___________
1. SCIENCEVISUALIZATION
2. GEODATABASE
3. GEOVISUALIZATION
4. NONE OF THE ABOVE
Q25. GEOVISUALIZATION COVERS WHICH ARE FUNCTIONS OF A MAP
1. PRESENTATION
2. EXPLORATION
3. BOTH 1 & 2
4. NONE OF THE ABOVE
26. PRESENTATION IS DESCRIBED AS __________
1. PUBLIC VISUAL COMMUNICATION
2. PRIVATE VISUAL COMMUNICATION
3. INDIVIDUAL VISUAL COMMUNICATION
4. ALL OF THE ABOVE
Q27. EXPLORATION IS DEFINED AS _________
1. PUBLIC VISUAL THINKING
2. PRIVATE VISUAL THINKING
3. INDIVIDUAL VISUAL THINKING
4. ALL OF THE ABOVE
Q28. PRESENTATION CONCERNS MAPS AIMED AT A ______ AUDIENCE.
1. INDIVIDUAL
2. WIDE
3. BOTH 1 & 2
4. NONE OF THE ABOVE
Q29. EXPLORATION CONCERNS MAPS AIMED AT A ______ AUDIENCE.
1. INDIVIDUAL
2. WIDE
3. BOTH 1 & 2
4. NONE OF THE ABOVE
Q30 WHEN USER IS ABLE TO PRODUCE ANALYSES AND VISUALIZATION WITH ANY ACCURACY
STANDARD THAT SATISFY THEM IS CALLED ___________
1. DEMOCRATIZATION OF CARTOGRAPHY
 2. DEMO OF CARTOGRAPHY
3. DEAL OF CARTOGRAPHY
4. NONE OF THE ABOVE
Q31. __________ MEANS TO SEARCH FOR SPATIAL, TEMPORAL OR SPATIO-TEMPORAL PATTERNS,
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN PATTERNS, OR TRENDS
1. ANALYSIS
2. EXPLORATION
3. IMPLEMENTATION
4. NONE OF THE ABOVE
Q32. PAPER MAPS IN THE PAST HAD WHICH FUNCTIONS
1. THEY ACTED AS A DATABASE OF THE OBJECTS SELECTED FROM REALITY
2. COMMUNICATED INFORMATION ABOUT GEOGRAPHIC OBJECTS
3. BOTH 1 & 2
4. NONE OF THE ABOVE
Q33. THE FRENCH CARTOGRAPHER BERTIN DEVELOPED THE BASIC CONCEPTS OF THE THEORY OF
MAP DESIGN WHICH IS KNOWN AS ________
1. MORRISE RULE
2. DESING RULE
3. BERTIN’S RULE
4. NONE OF THE ABOVE
Q34. DATA WILL BE OF WHICH TYPES
1. QUALITATIVE DATA
2. QUANTITATIVE DATA
3. BOTH 1 & 2
4. NONE OF THE ABOVE
Q35. WHAT ARE THE BASIC ELEMENTS OF MAP?
1. POINT SYMBOLS
2. LINE SYMBOLS
3. AREA SYMBOLS
4. TEXT
5. ALL OF THE ABOVE
Q36. BERTIN DISTINGUISH VARIABLES INTO SIX CATEGORY WHICH IS CALLED AS _______
1. RANDOM VARIABLE
2. MULTIPLE VARIABLE
3. VISUAL VARIABLE
4. ALL OF THE ABOVE
Q37. _________ DATA IS ALSO PART OF GIS ROUTINES
1. QUALITATIVE
2. QUANTITATIVE
3. TIME-DEPENDENT
4. NONE OF THE ABOVE
Q38.WHICH ARE TECHNIQUES OF TEMPORAL CARTOGRAPHIC
1. SINGLE STATIC MAP
2. SERIES OF STATIC MAP
3. ANIMATED MAP
4. ALL OF THE ABOVE
Q39. A SINGLE MAP IN SERIES REPRESENTS A ______ IN TIME
 1. IMAGES
2. MODEL
3. SNAPSHOT
4. NONE OF THE ABOVE
Q40. WHAT ARE THE ADDITIONAL MARGINAL INFORMATION TO BE FOUND ON A MAP
1. SCALE INDICATOR
2. A NORTH ARROW
3. MAP DATUM
4. ALL OF THE ABOVE
Q41. ___________ CAN PROVIDE INTERACTIVE MAP VIEWS AS INTERMEDIATE BETWEEN DATA AND
WEB BROWSER
1. GEOLOGY
2. SPATIOLOGY
3. TOPOLOGY
4. GEO-WEBSERVICES
Q42. VRML STANDS FOR
1. VIRTUAL REALITY MARKUP LANGUAGE
2. VISUAL REALITY MARKUP LANGUAGE
3. VIRTUAL READY MARKUP LANGUAGE
4. NONE OF THE ABOVE