Sniffer Pro Howto

Sniffer Pro
Installing, Connecting,
and Configuring WAN
Hardware
4.0 Release
COPYRIGHT
Copyright © 1999-2000 Networks Associates Technology, Inc. All Rights Reserved. No part of
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NOTICE TO ALL USERS: FOR THE SPECIFIC TERMS OF YOUR LICENSE TO USE THE
SOFTWARE THAT THIS DOCUMENTATION DESCRIBES, CONSULT THE README.1ST,
LICENSE.TXT, OR OTHER LICENSE DOCUMENT THAT ACCOMPANIES YOUR
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THE SOFTWARE. IF APPLICABLE, YOU MAY RETURN THE PRODUCT TO THE PLACE OF
PURCHASE FOR A FULL REFUND.
Part Number: NAI-426-0050-1, July 2000

Table of Contents
Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii
About this Document . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .vii
How to Contact Network Associates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . viii
Customer Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . viii
Technical Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . viii
Download Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix
Network Associates Training . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix
International Contact Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .x
Chapter 1. Using the LM2000 Adapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1

Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1
Installing the LM2000 Adapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1
LM2000 Adapter — Windows NT Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2
LM2000 Adapter — Windows 95/98 Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-8
Connecting the LM2000 Adapter to the Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-15
Connecting to a Network — Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-17
Connecting to RS-232 (V.24) Circuits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-17
Connecting to RS-422 and RS-423 (RS-449) Circuits . . . . . . . . . 1-19
Connecting to V.10 and V.11 Circuits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-20
Connecting to V.35 Circuits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-21
Connecting to RS-530 Circuits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-22
Configuring the Analyzer to Capture Using the LM2000 Adapter . . . . . . . 1-23
Setting Encapsulation Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-24
About the Other Router/Bridge Option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-24
Setting Physical Interface Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-26
Setting Encoding Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-26
Setting CRC Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-27
Setting the “Inverted” Option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-27
Setting Protocol Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-27
Generating Frame Sequence Numbering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-27
Specifying Payload Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-28
Installing, Connecting, and Configuring WAN Hardware iii

Table of Contents
Automatic Discovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-28

How Sniffer Pro Performs Automatic Discovery . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-30
Customizing the Automatic Discovery Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-31
Chapter 2. Using the HSSI Adapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1

Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1
Installing the HSSI Adapter in the Sniffer Pro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1
HSSI Adapter — Windows NT Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1
HSSI Adapter — Windows 95/98 Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5
Connecting the HSSI Adapter to the Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6
Configuring the Analyzer to Capture Using the HSSI Adapter . . . . . . . . . . . 2-9
Setting Encapsulation Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-10
About the Other Router/Bridge Option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-10
Setting Line Speed Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-12
Setting CRC Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-12
Setting Protocol Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-12
Generating Frame Sequence Numbering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-12
Specifying Payload Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-13
Automatic Discovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-13
How Sniffer Pro Performs Automatic Discovery . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-15
Customizing the Automatic Discovery Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-16
Appendix A. About the High Speed Serial Interface (HSSI) . . . . . . . . . A-1

HSSI Specification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-1
Classification of Circuits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-3
Signal Common Circuits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-3
Data Circuits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-3
Control Circuits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-3
Timing Circuits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-5
Protocols Running over the HSSI Link . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-6
General Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A-6
Appendix B. Network Associates

Support Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B-1
Adding Value To Your Network Associates Product . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B-1
PrimeSupport Options for Corporate Customers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B-1
iv Sniffer Pro
Table of Contents
The PrimeSupport KnowledgeCenter Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B-1

The PrimeSupport Connect Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B-2
The PrimeSupport Priority Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B-3
The PrimeSupport Enterprise Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B-4
Ordering a Corporate PrimeSupport Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B-5
Network Associates Consulting and Training . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B-7
Professional Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B-7
Jumpstart Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B-8
Network Consulting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B-8
Total Education Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B-9
Installing, Connecting, and Configuring WAN Hardware v

Table of Contents
vi Sniffer Pro
Preface
This document describes how to install, connect, and configure the WAN
adapters supported by Release 1.5 of the Sniffer Pro Network Analyzer.
The Sniffer Pro Network Analyzer supports the following WAN adapters:
• LM2000 adapter. The LM2000 adapter lets you connect to RS-232,
RS-422, RS-423, V.10, V.11, and V.35 network interfaces.
• HSSI adapter. The HSSI adapter lets you connect to a High Speed
Serial Interface.
About this Document

This document describes the features specific to installing, connecting,
and configuring the WAN adapters supported by the Sniffer Pro Network
Analyzer. Table i lists the major sections in this document.
Table i. Organization of this Document
Section Contents
Chapter 1, Using the LM2000 • Describes how to install the

Adapter LM2000 adapter in a PC and
add the appropriate network
driver.
• Describes how to connect the
Sniffer Pro to the physical
interfaces supported by the
LM2000 adapter.
• Describes how to configure the
analyzer to capture using the
LM2000 adapter.
Chapter 2, Using the HSSI • Describes how to install the
Adapter HSSI adapter in a PC and add
the appropriate network driver.
• Describes how to connect the
Sniffer Pro to the HSSI link.
• Describes how to configure the
analyzer to capture using the
HSSI adapter.
Chapter A, About the High • General information on the High
Speed Serial Interface (HSSI) Speed Serial Interface (HSSI).
Installing, Connecting, and Configuring WAN Hardware vii

Preface
Ë IMPORTANT: This document does not describe standard Sniffer Pro

features (such as capture filters, triggers, display options, and so on).
For information on standard Sniffer Pro features and operations, see
the Sniffer Pro Getting Started Guide as well as the online help.
How to Contact Network Associates

Customer Service
For questions, comments, or requests concerning the software or
hardware you purchased, your registration status, or similar issues,
contact the Network Associates Customer Service department at the
following address:
Network Associates Customer Service

4099 McEwen, Suite 500
Dallas, Texas 75244
U.S.A.
The department’s hours of operation are 8:00 a.m. and 8:00 p.m. Central
time, Monday through Friday
Other contact information for corporate-licensed customers:
Phone: (972) 308-9960
Fax: (972) 619-7485 (24-hour, Group III fax)
E-Mail: services_corporate_division@nai.com
Web: http://www.nai.com
Technical Support
Network Associates is dedicated to customer satisfaction. The company’s
site on the World Wide Web provides answers to technical support issues.
.
World Wide http://www.nai.com/asp_set/services/

Web technical_support/tech_intro.asp
If you do not find what you need or do not have web access, try one of our
automated services.
viii Sniffer Pro

Preface
Internet support@nai.com
If the automated services do not have the answers you need, contact
Network Associates at one of the following numbers Monday through
Friday between 8:00 A.M. and 8:00 P.M. Central time.
For corporate-licensed customers:
Phone (972) 308-9960
Fax (972) 619-7845
This guide includes a summary of the PrimeSupport plans available to

Network Associates customers.
To provide the answers you need quickly and efficiently, the Network
Associates technical support staff needs some information about your
computer and your software. Please have this information ready before
you call:
• Product name and version number
• Computer brand and model
• Any additional hardware or peripherals connected to your computer
• Operating system type and version numbers
• Network type and version, if applicable
• Contents of your AUTOEXEC.BAT, CONFIG.SYS, and system
LOGIN script
• Specific steps to reproduce the problem
Download Support
To get help with navigating or downloading files from the Network
Associates websites or FTP sites, call:
Corporate customers (801) 492-2650
Network Associates Training

For information about scheduling on-site training for any Network
Associates product, call Network Associates Customer Service at:
(972) 308-9960.
Installing, Connecting, and Configuring WAN Hardware ix

Preface
International Contact Information

To contact Network Associates outside the United States, use the
addresses, phone numbers and fax numbers below.
Network Associates Network Associates

Australia Austria
Level 1, 500 Pacific Highway Pulvermuehlstrasse 17

St. Leonards, NSW Linz, Austria
Sydney, Australia 2065 Postal Code A-4040
Phone: 61-2-8425-4200 Phone: 43-732-757-244
Fax: 61-2-9439-5166 Fax: 43-732-757-244-20

Belgique do Brasil
BDC Heyzel Esplanade, boîte 43 Rua Geraldo Flausino Gomez 78

1020 Bruxelles Cj. - 51 Brooklin Novo - São Paulo
Belgique SP - 04575-060 - Brasil
Phone: 0032-2 478.10.29 Phone: (55 11) 5505 1009
Fax: 0032-2 478.66.21 Fax: (55 11) 5505 1006

Canada People’s Republic of China
139 Main Street, Suite 201 New Century Office Tower, Room 1557
Unionville, Ontario No. 6 Southern Road Capitol Gym
Canada L3R 2G6 Beijing
Phone: (905) 479-4189 People’s Republic of China 100044
Fax: (905) 479-4540 Phone: 8610-6849-2650
Fax: 8610-6849-2069
Network Associates Denmark NA Network Associates Oy
Lautruphoej 1-3 Mikonkatu 9, 5. krs.

2750 Ballerup 00100 Helsinki
Danmark Finland
Phone: 45 70 277 277 Phone: 358 9 5270 70
Fax: 45 44 209 910 Fax: 358 9 5270 7100
x Sniffer Pro
Preface

France S.A. Deutschland GmbH
50 Rue de Londres Ohmstraße 1

75008 Paris D-85716 Unterschleißheim
France Deutschland
Phone: 33 1 44 908 737 Phone: 49 (0)89/3707-0
Fax: 33 1 45 227 554 Fax: 49 (0)89/3707-1199
Network Associates Hong Kong Network Associates Srl
19th Floor, Matheson Centre Centro Direzionale Summit

3 Matheson Way Palazzo D/1
Causeway Bay Via Brescia, 28
Hong Kong 63225 20063 - Cernusco sul Naviglio (MI)
Phone: 852-2832-9525 Italy
Fax: 852-2832-9530 Phone: 39 02 92 65 01
Fax: 39 02 92 14 16 44
Network Associates Japan, Inc. Network Associates Latin America
Shibuya Mark City West 20F 1200 S. Pine Island Road, Suite 375
1-12-1 Dougenzaka, Shibuya-ku Plantation, Florida 33324
Tokyo 150-0043, Japan United States
Phone: 81 3 5428 1100 Phone: (954) 452-1731
Fax: 81 3 5428 1480 Fax: (954) 236-8031

de Mexico International B.V.
Andres Bello No. 10, 4 Piso Gatwickstraat 25

4th Floor 1043 GL Amsterdam
Col. Polanco The Netherlands
Mexico City, Mexico D.F. 11560 Phone: 31 20 586 6100
Phone: (525) 282-9180 Fax: 31 20 586 6101
Fax: (525) 282-9183
Installing, Connecting, and Configuring WAN Hardware xi

Preface
Network Associates Net Tools Network Associates

Portugal South Africa
Av. da Liberdade, 114 Hawthorne House

1269-046 Lisboa St. Andrews Business Park
Portugal Meadowbrook Lane
Phone: 351 1 340 4543 Bryanston, Johannesburg
Fax: 351 1 340 4575 South Africa 2021
Phone: 27 11 700-8200
Fax: 27 11 706-1569

South East Asia Spain
78 Shenton Way Orense 4, 4a Planta.

#29-02 Edificio Trieste
Singapore 079120 28020 Madrid, Spain
Phone: 65-222-7555 Phone: 34 9141 88 500
Fax: 65-220-7255 Fax: 34 9155 61 404
Network Associates Sweden Network Associates AG
Datavägen 3A Baeulerwisenstrasse 3
Box 596 8152 Glattbrugg
S-175 26 Järfälla Switzerland
Sweden Phone: 0041 1 808 99 66
Phone: 46 (0) 8 580 88 400 Fax: 0041 1 808 99 77
Fax: 46 (0) 8 580 88 405

Taiwan International Ltd.
Suite 6, 11F, No. 188, Sec. 5 227 Bath Road

Nan King E. Rd. Slough, Berkshire
Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China SL1 5PP
Phone: 886-2-27-474-8800 United Kingdom
Fax: 886-2-27-635-5864 Phone: 44 (0)1753 217 500
Fax: 44 (0)1753 217 520
xii Sniffer Pro

Using the LM2000 Adapter 1
1
Overview
This chapter describes how to:
• Install the LM2000 adapter.
• Connect the LM2000 adapter to a variety of supported network
interfaces.
• Configure the Sniffer Pro to capture from the connected network
interface using the LM2000 adapter.
Each topic is described below.
Installing the LM2000 Adapter

This section describes how to install the LM2000 adapter card in the Sniffer
Pro PC. Installing the LM2000 adapter card consists of the following major
steps:
• Using the DIP switches on the LM2000 card to set the interrupt
number and I/O base address to available values in the system PC.
The LM2000 card is not a Plug and Play card; IRQ and I/O base
addresses must be set manually.
• Installing the LM2000 adapter card in an available ISA slot.
• Installing the software driver provided by NAI for the LM2000 card.
You perform these steps in a different order depending on whether you

are installing on a Windows 95/98 platform or a Windows NT platform.
Procedures for both are provided below.
NOTE: The following procedures assume that you have already installed
the Sniffer Pro software on your PC.
Installing, Connecting, and Configuring WAN Hardware 1-1

Using the LM2000 Adapter
LM2000 Adapter — Windows NT Installation

Ë IMPORTANT: This procedure requires that the Sniffer Pro software
already be installed on your PC. Install the Sniffer Pro software now if
you have not already done so.
To install the LM2000 adapter in a Sniffer Pro PC running Windows NT:

1. Make sure the Sniffer Pro software is installed. If it is not installed,
install it now.
2. Locate an available interrupt number and I/O base address in the
Sniffer Pro PC:
a. Choose the Windows NT Diagnostics program from the
Administrative Tools (Common) program group under the Start
menu.
b. In the dialog box that appears, click on the Resources tab. The
interrupt numbers currently in use on the PC are listed by number
(Figure 1–1).
1-2 Sniffer Pro

Figure 1–1. Selecting an IRQ for the LM2000 Card — Windows NT
c. The LM2000 card can use IRQ 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7. Determine if one of

these IRQs is available and write down its number for later use.
NOTE: If IRQs 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 are all already in use, you will need
to make one of them available for the LM2000 card by uninstalling
a conflicting device.
d. Click on the I/O Port button at the bottom of the Windows NT
Diagnostics window (Figure 1–1). The I/O Port windows
currently in use on the PC are listed.
e. The LM2000 card can use I/O base addresses starting at 0x200,
0x240, 0x280, 0x2C0, 0x300, 0x340, 0x380, or 0x3C0. Determine if
one of these I/O base addresses is available and write down its
number for later use.
NOTE: If all of these I/O base addresses are already in use, you
will need to make one of them available for the LM2000 card by
uninstalling a conflicting device.

3. Use the DIP switches on the LM2000 adapter to set its I/O base
address and IRQ to the values you identified in Step 2. You can see the
location of the DIP switches on the LM2000 card in Figure 1–11 on page
1–15.
a. Switches SW1, SW2, and SW3 specify the I/O base address of the
LM2000 card. Table 1–1 summarizes the possible values.
Table 1–1. LM2000 DIP Switch Settings for I/O Base Values
I/O Base Address SW1 SW2 SW3
0x200 (factory default) ON ON ON

0x240 ON OFF ON
0x280 OFF ON ON
0x2C0 OFF OFF ON
0x300 ON ON OFF
0x340 ON OFF OFF
0x380 OFF ON OFF
0x3C0 OFF OFF OFF
b. Switches SW4, SW5, SW6, SW7, and SW8 specify the IRQ of the
Table 1–2. LM2000 DIP Switch Settings for IRQ Values
IRQ SW4 SW5 SW6 SW7 SW8
3 ON OFF OFF OFF OFF

4 OFF ON OFF OFF OFF
5 (factory default) OFF OFF ON OFF OFF
6 OFF OFF OFF ON OFF
7 OFF OFF OFF OFF ON
4. Install the LM2000 adapter in the Sniffer Pro PC:

a. Power off the Sniffer Pro PC and remove the power cord.
b. Consult your PC manufacturer’s instructions for opening your PC
and installing expansion cards. Open your PC and install the
LM2000 adapter in an available ISA slot according to these
instructions.
1-4 Sniffer Pro

5. Restart your computer and install the network driver provided by

NAI for the LM2000 adapter:
a. Choose Control Panel from the Settings entry in the Start menu.
b. Open the Network control panel and select the Adapters Tab.
c. Click the Add button to add a network adapter.
d. In the dialog box that appears, click the Have Disk button.
e. A dialog box appears prompting you to supply the path to the
driver you want to install. Supply the following path for the
LM2000 driver for Windows NT and click OK (Figure 1–2):
C:\Program Files\NAI\SnifferNT\Driver\LM2000\WinNT
If the Program Files directory is not on the C:\ drive, substitute the
appropriate drive designation in the above path.
Figure 1–2. Supplying the Path to the LM2000 Driver
f. A dialog box appears prompting you to choose which driver you

want to install. Select the Network Associates LM2000 WAN
Adapter and click OK (Figure 1–3).

Figure 1–3. Selecting the Driver to Install
g. The LM2000 Adapter Setup dialog box appears (Figure 1–4). Use
this dialog box to set the LM2000’s interrupt number and I/O base
address to the values you set on the card in Step 3 on page 1–4.
NOTE: The Memory Base Address Figure 1–4 is hard-coded into

the adapter and cannot be changed. It is presented here for your
information only.
Figure 1–4. Setting Adapter Parameters to Match Settings on Card

h. The Network dialog box appears with the LM2000 adapter
installed (in addition to any other adapters you may have
installed).
1-6 Sniffer Pro

Figure 1–5. Network Dialog Box with LM2000 Adapter

Installed
6. In the Item Notes field, enter “Monitor - ” before the installed

adapter’s name, to make it easy to identify the Monitor card.
7. Click the Bindings tab. Windows NT reviews the bindings.
8. Select All Adapters from the Show Bindings for drop-down list, and
then select the corresponding LAN adapter (Monitor card).
9. Click the + sign in front of the card to expand the list.
10. Select the TCP/IP protocol and click the Disable button to disable
TCP/IP for the Monitor card.
11. Select the WINS client (TCP/IP) and click the Disable button to
disable WINS for the Monitor card.
12. Restart your PC.

At this point, the LM2000 adapter is installed and ready to be used by the
Sniffer Pro Analyzer. Turn to Connecting the LM2000 Adapter to the Network
on page 1–15 to learn how to connect the LM2000 adapter to various
network types.
LM2000 Adapter — Windows 95/98 Installation

To install the LM2000 adapter in a Sniffer Pro PC running Windows 95/98:

install it now.
2. Locate an available interrupt number and I/O base address in the
Sniffer Pro PC:
a. Choose Control Panel from the Settings entry under the Start
menu.
b. In the window that appears, start the System control panel by
double-clicking its entry.
c. Click on the Device Manager tab and highlight the Computer
entry.
d. Click the Properties button. The Computer Properties dialog box
appears (Figure 1–6), listing the IRQs in use on the Sniffer Pro PC.
1-8 Sniffer Pro

Figure 1–6. Selecting an IRQ for the LM2000 Card — Windows

95/98
e. The LM2000 card can use IRQ 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7. Determine if one of

these IRQs is available and write down its number for later use.
NOTE: If IRQs 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 are all already in use, you will need
to make one of them available for the LM2000 card by uninstalling
a conflicting device.
f. Click on the Input/output (I/O) button at the top of the Computer
Properties dialog box (Figure 1–6). The I/O windows currently in
use on the PC are listed.
g. The LM2000 card can use I/O base addresses starting at 0x200,
0x240, 0x280, 0x2C0, 0x300, 0x340, 0x380, or 0x3C0. Determine if
one of these I/O base addresses is available and write down its
number for later use.
NOTE: If all of these I/O base addresses are already in use, you
will need to make one of them available for the LM2000 card by
uninstalling a conflicting device.

3. Use the DIP switches on the LM2000 adapter to set its I/O base
address and IRQ to the values you identified in Step 2. You can see the
location of the DIP switches on the LM2000 card in Figure 1–11 on page
1–15.
a. Switches SW1, SW2, and SW3 specify the I/O base address of the
Table 1–3. LM2000 DIP Switch Settings for I/O Base Values
I/O Base Address SW1 SW2 SW3
0x200 (factory default) ON ON ON

0x240 ON OFF ON
0x280 OFF ON ON
0x2C0 OFF OFF ON
0x300 ON ON OFF
0x340 ON OFF OFF
0x380 OFF ON OFF
0x3C0 OFF OFF OFF
b. Switches SW4, SW5, SW6, SW7, and SW8 specify the IRQ of the
Table 1–4. LM2000 DIP Switch Settings for IRQ Values
IRQ SW4 SW5 SW6 SW7 SW8
3 ON OFF OFF OFF OFF

4 OFF ON OFF OFF OFF
5 (factory default) OFF OFF ON OFF OFF
6 OFF OFF OFF ON OFF
7 OFF OFF OFF OFF ON
4. Power off the PC. Consult your PC manufacturer’s instructions for

opening your PC and installing expansion cards. Open your PC and
install the LM2000 adapter in an available ISA slot according to those
instructions.
5. Power on the PC. Install the network driver provided by NAI for the
LM2000 adapter:
1-10 Sniffer Pro

b. Open the Network control panel and click the Add button.
c. The Select Network Component dialog box appears. Select the
Adapter entry and click Add to add a network adapter.
driver you want to install. The driver provided by Network
Associates for the LM2000 adapter is stored under the NAI
directory in the Program Files directory. For most Windows 95/98
PCs, you can supply the following path for the LM2000 driver for
Windows 95/98 and click OK (Figure 1–7):
C:\Progra~1\NAI\Sniffer\Driver\LM2000\Win95
If the Program Files directory is not on the C:\ drive on your PC,
substitute the appropriate drive designation in the above path.
Alternatively, you can use the Browse button to navigate to the
appropriate directory under the Program Files directory on your
PC.
Figure 1–7. Supplying the Path to the LM2000 Driver

want to install. Select the Network Associates LM2000 WAN ISA
Adapter and click OK (Figure 1–8).

g. The Network dialog box appears with the LM2000 adapter

installed (in addition to any other adapters you may have
installed). Figure 1–9 shows the Network dialog box with the
LM2000 adapter installed.
1-12 Sniffer Pro

Figure 1–9. Network Dialog Box with LM2000 Adapter

Installed
6. The LM2000 adapter will automatically bind to whatever protocols

have been set up in Windows. To make sure you are receiving frames
purely from the WAN adapter, you need to remove unnecessary
bindings from the LM2000 adapter (for example, TCP/IP and
IPX/SPX).
a. Select the TCP/IP -> Network Associates LM2000 WAN ISA
Adapter entry in the Network dialog box.
b. Click Remove.
c. Select the IPX/SPX-compatible Protocol -> LM2000 WAN ISA
d. Click Remove.

e. Make sure you have preserved the NetBEUI -> Network

Associates LM2000 WAN ISA Adapter binding. The LM2000
adapter needs this binding to work on a Windows 95/98 system.
7. Click the OK button on the Network dialog box. The dialog box in
Figure 1–10 appears, asking you to supply the IRQ and I/O address
range you set on the card in Step 3.
If an asterisk (*) appears next to the value you select, a hardware
conflict is indicated — you will need to set a different value on the
card. A pound sign (#) indicates that the value is set to the current
hardware setting on the card.
Figure 1–10. Specifying Hardware Settings for LM2000 Card
8. Once you have specified IRQ and I/O address values matching those
you set on the LM2000 card, click OK. Depending on your system
configuration, some system files may need to be copied from your
source Windows 95/98 CD-ROM — the system will prompt you for
the necessary action.
1-14 Sniffer Pro

9. Once the necessary files are installed, the system will inform you that
it needs to be restarted before you can use its new settings. It will ask
you if you want to restart the system now. Click Yes, and restart your
system.
At this point, the LM2000 adapter is installed and ready to be used by the
Sniffer Pro Analyzer. Turn to Connecting the LM2000 Adapter to the Network
on page 1–15 to learn how to connect the LM2000 adapter to various
network types.
Connecting the LM2000 Adapter to the Network

The LM2000 network interface card for WAN\Synchronous networks,
shown in Figure 1–11, has two connectors:
• A 25-pin, D-type receptacle connector (DB-25), which is used for
RS-232 network interfaces (this includes any interface conversion
devices that provide an RS-232 output).
• A 15-pin, D-type receptacle connector (DB-15), which is used for
RS-422 and RS-423, V.10, V.11, and V.35 network interfaces.
Figure 1–11. LM2000 Network Interface Card
To connect the LM2000 card to the network, use one of the Y-cables
supplied with the card. Each Y-cable provides one receptacle and two

plug-in connectors. The Y-cables provide two ways to connect the LM2000
card to the network:
• In-line with your data transmission line (using all three connectors on
the Y-cable)
• With a patch matrix panel (using only two connectors on the Y-cable)
Figure 1–12 illustrates the two ways of connecting the LM2000 card to the
network.
Data Data
line lines
DTE DCE DTE DCE
Y-cable
Patch
LM2000 LM2000
Card Card
In-line Y-cable connections Patch panel connections
Figure 1–12. Two Ways to Connect the Internetwork Analyzer to the Network
NOTE: Network Associates provides the following Y-cables with the

LM2000 card:
U.S. Customers: RS-232
V.35
International: RS-232
V.35
V.10/V.11
The RS-422/423 Y-cable is optional. Contact Network Associates to order

it.
1-16 Sniffer Pro

Connecting to a Network — Examples

The two connectors on the LM2000 card and the Y-cables shipped with the
card accommodate each of the supported network interfaces. The four
Y-cables provide wiring conversions between the network interface and
the network interface card connectors.
The following sections tell you how to connect the LM2000 card to these
physical line interfaces:
• RS-232 circuits
• RS-422 and RS-423 circuits
• V.10 and V.11 circuits
• V.35 circuits
• RS-530 circuits
+ WARNING: Each of the following procedures may require that you

disconnect your data line. Before you disconnect it, notify the
appropriate parties that the network will be down temporarily and
then verify that there is no traffic on the line.
Connecting to RS-232 (V.24) Circuits

The LM2000 card provides a standard RS-232 interface to the network
through the DB-25 connector on the network interface card and the RS-232
Y-cable.
To connect to the network via an RS-232 interface:

1. Connect the RS-232 Y-cable to the network at a patch panel or monitor
port. Alternatively, you can connect the Y-cable in-line with the data
line by disconnecting the data line and plugging one of the Y-cable
connectors into the DTE side of the line and the other into the DCE
side.
2. Connect the remaining plug-in cable connector labeled “ANALYZER”
to the receptacle DB-25 connector on the network interface card.
Table 1–5 shows the pinouts for the RS-232 Y-cable.

Table 1–5. RS-232 (V.24) Cable Wiring
Function Lead RS-23 Circuit V.24 DB-25 Pin

Circuit
Protective Ground PG AA 101 1

Transmit Data TD BA 103 2
Receive Data RD BB 104 3
Request To Send RTS CA 105 4
Clear To Send CTS CB 106 5
Data Set Ready DSR CC 107 6
Signal Ground SG AB 102 7
Data Carrier Detected DCD CF 109 8
Equalization EQ — — 11
Transmit Clock1 TC DB 114 15
Receive Clock1 RC DD 115 17
Data Terminal Ready DTR CD 108.2 20
Ring Indication RI CE 125 22
External Clock2 EXTC DA 113 24
Busy BUSY — — 25
1 - The LM2000 card requires clocks on pins 15 and 17 of RS-232.
2 - To use pin 24 (EXTC), the LM2000 card requires a separate breakout box and
jumpers.
1-18 Sniffer Pro

Connecting to RS-422 and RS-423 (RS-449) Circuits

The LM2000 card provides standard RS-422 and RS-423 interfaces to the
network through the DB-15 connector on the network interface card and
the RS-422/RS-423 Y-cable.
Ë IMPORTANT: By default, the RS-422/RS-423 Y-cable is not shipped

with the LM2000 card. Order it from Network Associates.
To connect to the network via an RS-422 or RS-423 interface:

1. Connect the RS-422/RS-423 Y-cable to the network at a patch panel or
monitor port. You can also connect the Y-cable in-line with the data
line by disconnecting the data line and plugging one of the DB-37
connectors on the Y-cable into the DTE side of the line and the other
DB-37 connector into the DCE side. (Figure 4–7. on page 15 illustrates
these connections.)
2. Connect the plug-in cable connector labeled “ANALYZER” to the
receptacle DB-15 connector on the network interface card.
Table 1–6 shows the pinouts for the RS-422/RS-423 Y-cable.
Table 1–6. RS-422/RS-423 (RS-449) Cable Wiring
Function Lead DB-37 DB-15 Function Lead DB-37 DB-15

Pin Pin Pin Pin
Signal SG 19 1 Request to Send RS (A) 7 3

Ground (B) 25 10
Send Data SD (A) 4 2 Receive Timing RT (A) 8 7
(B) 22 9 (B) 26 14
Receive Data RD (A) 6 4 Clear to Send CS (A) 9 5
(B) 24 11 (B) 27 12
Send Timing ST (A) 5 6 — — — —
(B) 23 13

Connecting to V.10 and V.11 Circuits

The LM2000 card provides standard V.10 and V.11 interfaces to the
network through the DB-15 connector on the network interface card and
the V.10/V.11 Y-cable.
Ë IMPORTANT: The V.10/V.11 Y-cable is provided only to customers

outside the U.S.
To connect to the network via a V.10 or V.11 interface:

1. Connect the V.10/V.11 Y-cable to the network at a patch panel or
monitor port. Alternatively, you can connect the Y-cable in-line with
the data line by disconnecting the data line and plugging one of the
Y-cable connectors into the DTE side of the line and the other into the
DCE side. (Figure 1–12 on page 1–16 shows these connections.)
2. Connect the remaining plug-in cable connector labeled “ANALYZER”
to the receptacle DB-15 connector on the network interface card.
Table 1–7 shows the cable pinouts for the V.10/V.11 Y-cable.
Table 1–7. V.10/V.11 Cable Wiring
Function Lead DB-15 Function Lead DB-15

Pin Pin
Shield N/A 1 I I (A) 5

Indication (B) 12
Transmit Data T (A) 2 S S (A) 6
(B) 9 Signal Timing (B) 13
Receive Data R (A) 4 G G 8
(B) 11 Ground
Control C(A) 3 — — —
(B) 10
NOTE: The LM2000 card connects the V.11 return leads (B) to ground in
V.10 applications.
1-20 Sniffer Pro

Connecting to V.35 Circuits

The LM2000 card provides a standard V.35 interface to the network
through the DB-15 connector on the network interface card and the V.35
Y-cable.
To connect to the network via a V.35 interface:

1. Connect the V.35 Y-cable to the network at a patch panel or monitor
port. You can also connect the Y-cable in-line with the data line by
disconnecting the data line and plugging one of the V.35 connectors
on the Y-cable into the DTE side of the line and the other into the DCE
side. (Figure 4–7. on page 15 shows these connections.)
2. Connect the DB-15 cable connector labeled “ANALYZER” to the
receptacle DB-15 connector on the network interface card.
Table 1–8 shows the cable pinouts for the V.35 Y-cable.
Table 1–8. V.35 Cable Wiring
Function Lead V.35 DB-15 Function Lead V.35 DB-15

Pin Pin Pin Pin
Transmit Data TD (A) P 2 Transmit Timing TC (A) Y 6

(B) S 9 (B) AA 13
Receive Data RD (A) R 4 Receive Timing RC (A) V 7
(B) T 11 (B) X 14
Request to RTS C 3 Ring Indication RI J 15
Send
Data Terminal DTR H 10 Receive Line RLSD F 8
Ready Signal Detect
Clear to Send CTS D 5 Ground GND A,B 1
Data Set Ready DSR E 12 — — — —

Connecting to RS-530 Circuits

Network Associates does not provide an RS-530 Y-cable. To connect the
LM2000 card to an RS-530 circuit, use the RS-232 Y-cable and an RS-530
adapter cable. If you want to build an RS-530 adapter cable, refer to
Table 1–9 for the cable wiring.
To connect to the network via an RS-530 interface:

1. Connect the RS-232 Y-cable to the RS-530 circuit at a patch panel or
monitor port. You can also connect the Y-cable in-line with the data
line by disconnecting the data line and plugging one of the DB-25
connectors on the cable into the DTE side of the line and the other
DB-25 connector into the DCE side. (Table 1–9 describes these
connections.)
2. Connect the plug-in cable connector labeled “ANALYZER” to the
DB-25 connector of the RS-530 adapter cable.
3. Connect the plug-in DB-15 connector of the RS-530 adapter cable to
the receptacle DB-15 connector on the network interface card.
Table 1–9 shows the pinouts for the RS-530 adapter cable.
.
Table 1–9. RS-530 Adapter Cable Wiring
Function Lead RS-530 DB-25 Function Lead DB-15

Circuit Pin Pin
Shield SG 1 Shield SG 1
Transmitted Data TD BA 2 Transmitted Data TD 2
BA 14 9
Receive Data RD (A) BB 3 Receive Data RD (A) 4
(B) BB 16 (B) 11
Request to Send RTS CA 4 Request to Send RTS 3
Send Terminal DTR CA 19 Send Terminal DTR 10
Ready Ready
Clear to Send CTS CB 5 Clear to Send CTS 5
Data Set Ready DSR CC 6 Data Set Ready DSR 12
Transmit Clock TC (A) DB 15 Transmit Clock TC (A) 6
(B) DB 12 (B) 13
Receive clock RC (A) DD 17 Receive clock RC (A) 7
(B) DD 9 (B) 14
1-22 Sniffer Pro

Configuring the Analyzer to Capture Using the

LM2000 Adapter
Once the LM2000 adapter is connected to the network, you are ready to
configure the analyzer to capture. Capture options specific to the LM2000
adapter are found in the WAN Medium Extension tab of the Sniffer Pro’s
Options dialog box.
You display the WAN Medium Extension tab by selecting Options from
the Tools menu and clicking on the WAN Medium Extension tab in the
dialog box that appears. Figure 1–13 shows the WAN Medium Extension
tab of the Options dialog box.
NOTE: You get the following view of the WAN Medium Extension tab if
the LM2000 adapter is the currently selected adapter. You can change the
currently selected adapter using the Select Settings... command in the File
menu.
Figure 1–13. WAN Medium Extension Tab of the Options Dialog Box
As shown in Figure 1–13, the WAN Medium Extension tab lets you set the
following options:
• Encapsulation options
• Physical Interface options

• Bit Encoding options

• CRC options
• Bit Inversion options
• Protocol options. Depending on the encapsulation protocol selected,
different protocol-specific options (such as the method for generating
the sequence number of the frames) may be configured.
You must set these options to match the line to be monitored. Failure to do
so can result in erratic behavior by the analyzer.
Each option is described below.
Setting Encapsulation Options

When capturing from a WAN circuit, you need to specify the lower-level
protocols used by the synchronous link. You use the Encapsulation
dropdown list in the WAN Medium Extension tab to specify the frame
type (encapsulation) used to transmit frames across the WAN. The
following encapsulation methods are available:
• SDLC
• X.25
• Frame Relay
• PPP
• Cisco HDLC
• Other Router/Bridge
• SMDS/DXI
The encapsulation protocols do not affect which of the higher-level

protocols are embedded within their frames.
Of these protocols, SDLC is used with SNA (System Network

Architecture) at IBM installations. X.25 is widespread in Europe. Frame
Relay, PPP, and proprietary versions of HDLC (like Cisco HDLC) are
widely used for LAN interconnectivity.
About the Other Router/Bridge Option

The Other Router/Bridge option lets the analyzer decode proprietary
versions of HDLC during capture. Many leased-line internetworks use
proprietary versions of HDLC. The Sniffer Pro can recognize and decode
data within many versions of HDLC. These include proprietary versions
of HDLC from the router/bridges shown in Table 1–10.
1-24 Sniffer Pro

For versions of HDLC that Sniffer Pro cannot recognize, you can have the
analyzer skip a specified number of bytes of the router/bridge header and
start analysis from the next protocol layer. The Other Router/Bridge
option is useful if the next layer starts with an Ethernet, Token Ring, IP or
IPX header. For details on selecting the correct option, see Setting Protocol
Options on page 1–27.
Table 1–10. Sniffer Pro Support for Various Routers/Bridges
Router/Bridge Support
Wellfleet (Versions 3.1, 3.3, and 3.7) • All decodes

• All statistics and protocol
distribution for real time
capture and post-analysis
display.
Cisco • All decodes
display.
Vitalink • All decodes
display.
Proteon • All decodes
IBM source routing bridges (Versions • All decodes
2.2 and 2.3, token ring only)
Microcom • All decodes
• For Microcom bridges, Encoding
must be set to Modulo-128 rather
than Modulo-8.
Ungermann-Bass • All decodes
ACC • All decodes
Banyan VINES • All decodes
Crosscom • All decodes
Retix • All decodes
DEC • All decodes
Netronix • All decodes

ATT • All decodes
Ë IMPORTANT: If during a capture session you reconfigure anything

on the WAN link (for example, rebooting the router, or changing the
protocol being run by the router), you must stop and restart the
current capture session. Restarting the capture session allows the
analyzer to re-detect the type of WAN traffic on the link. You can also
use the Reset Probe option in the File menu to accomplish the same
effect.
Setting Physical Interface Options

Before you can capture from the WAN circuit using the LM2000 card, you
must specify the type of physical interface to which the LM200 card is
connected. You use the Physical Interface dropdown list in the WAN
Medium Extension tab to specify the physical interface. The following
physical interfaces are available:
• RS-232 interface via a DB-25 cable
• V.10 interface via a DB-15 cable
See Connecting the LM2000 Adapter to the Network on page 1–15 for
information on connecting the LM2000 card to each of these physical
interfaces.
Setting Encoding Options

To decode transmitted data correctly, you should use the WAN Medium
Extension tab of the Options dialog box (Figure 1–13 on page 1–23) to
specify the encoding method used by your network. The two most
common encoding methods for SDLC and HDLC are NRZ (Non-return to
zero) and NRZI (Non-return to zero inverted). Select the option
appropriate to your network.
1-26 Sniffer Pro

Setting CRC Options

The Sniffer Pro can decode 16-bit CRC and 32-bit CRC for error detection
between two routers. The default is 16-bit CRC. You can switch between
16-bit and 32-bit by selecting the appropriate option in the WAN Medium
Extension tab of the Options dialog box (Figure 1–13 on page 1–23).
Setting the “Inverted” Option

Some WAN/Synchronous networks invert data bits as they come off the
wire (changes binary 0 to 1, and vice versa). You should set the Inverted
option in the WAN Medium Extension tab of the Options dialog box to
match the data on your WAN link. This allows the analyzer to read the
data correctly.
Setting Protocol Options

Depending on the encapsulation protocol selected, different
protocol-specific options (such as the method for generating the sequence
number of the frames) may be configured in the Protocol area of the WAN
Medium Extension tab. See Generating Frame Sequence Numbering on page
1–27.
If you select Other Router/Bridge in the Encapsulation drop-down list,

you have to select a payload (traffic) type and, for most types, the offset
parameter that describes how many bytes from the frame start should be
skipped to get to the payload (network or MAC layer). Specifying Payload
Type on page 1–28.
Other Router/Bridge also enables Sniffer Pro to automatically discover

the traffic and frame type on the line being analyzed. See Automatic
Discovery on page 1–28.
Generating Frame Sequence Numbering

If you have selected either SDLC or X.25 as the encapsulation protocol,
you can also specify the method used to generate frame sequence
numbers. There are two methods for generating frame sequence numbers.
The method being used on a particular network is not readily apparent
just by inspection. One method uses three bits (Modulo 8), and is widely
used in the United States and in Europe. The other method uses seven bits
(Modulo 128), and is often used in Japan and in international satellite
links.

The default is Modulo 8.
Specifying Payload Type

When you select Other Router/Bridge in the Encapsulation listbox, you
can choose between four types of traffic.
Routed — Select this type of traffic if frames on the monitored WAN link
contain network layer data at a fixed offset from the beginning of the
frame. Enter the offset in bytes in the Offset to Network Layer box. With
this selection, Sniffer Pro will correctly interpret frames containing an IP
or IPX header at the specified offset. Frames not satisfying this condition
will not be interpreted.
Bridged Ethernet — Select this type of traffic if frames on the monitored

WAN link contain an encapsulated Ethernet header at a fixed offset from
the beginning of the frame. Enter the offset in bytes in the Offset to MAC
header box. With this selection, Sniffer Pro will interpret every frame as if
it contained an encapsulated Ethernet frame at the specified offset.
Bridged Token Ring — Select this type of traffic if frames on the

monitored WAN link contain an encapsulated Token Ring header at a
fixed offset from the beginning of the frame. Enter the offset in bytes in the
Offset to MAC header box. With this selection, Sniffer Pro will interpret
every frame as if it contained an encapsulated Token Ring frame at the
specified offset.
Unknown — Select this type of traffic if frames on the monitored WAN

link do not fit any of the above three categories or if you do not know the
type of traffic. With this selection, Sniffer Pro will interpret proprietary
versions of HDLC as described in the section About the Other Router/Bridge
Option on page 1–24 and in Table 1–10.
The default selection is Unknown.
Automatic Discovery
When you connect Sniffer Pro to a WAN link with unknown traffic, Sniffer
Pro can automatically determine certain frame types or traffic types being
analyzed. Automatic Discovery can recognize PPP and Cisco HDLC
encapsulations and Routed, Bridged Ethernet, and Bridged Token Ring
types of traffic within the Other Router/Bridge encapsulation. For the
definition of the different traffic options, see Specifying Payload Type on
page 1–28.
1-28 Sniffer Pro

NOTE: Automatic Discovery will not recognize SDLC, X.25, Frame Relay,
or SMDS/DXI encapsulations.
To determine traffic and frame type on the WAN link:

1. Display the WAN Medium Extension tab as in Configuring the
Analyzer to Capture Using the LM2000 Adapter on page 1–23.
2. In the Encapsulation drop-down box, select Other Router/Bridge. The
Protocol area appears in which to select a traffic type and enter the
number of offset bytes as shown in Figure 1–14. If you know this
information, enter it manually and go to step 4.
Figure 1–14. WAN Medium Extension tab with Other

Router/Bridge selected
3. In the Protocol section, click Unknown and Discover.

4. Click OK.

• If you clicked Unknown and Discover, Sniffer Pro automatically

discovers the frame type, the traffic type, and number of offset
bytes. After Sniffer Pro has completed the discovery, you may
re-open the WAN Medium Extension tab and view the results.
For information on how Sniffer Pro performs Automatic
Discovery, see How Sniffer Pro Performs Automatic Discovery on
page 1–30.
NOTE: If you want to modify the discovery parameters before

starting the discovery operation, click Customize Discovery Process
and set the parameters. For example, specify the duration of discovery
or the maximum number of frames to be analyzed during discovery.
Then click OK to save the parameters. For further information, see
Customizing the Automatic Discovery Process on page 1–31.
How Sniffer Pro Performs Automatic Discovery

To use Automatic Discovery, you select traffic type Unknown, check the
Discover box, and click OK, as described in Automatic Discovery on page
1–28. Sniffer Pro enters a special operating mode in which all received
frames are interpreted only to the extent that they can help in completing
the discovery process. In particular, no monitoring, capture or expert
functions are performed while the discovery lasts. When the process is
complete, Sniffer Pro switches encapsulation and/or traffic type to the
newly discovered values and returns to the normal operation. From this
point on, the discovery process continues the same as if you had changed
the settings manually.
For Sniffer Pro to successfully complete the discovery process, one of the
following conditions must be met:
• All observed frames start with a PPP header. Encapsulation is
switched to PPP.
• All observed frames start with a Cisco HDLC header. Encapsulation is
switched to Cisco HDLC.
• A minimum number of frames contain an IP or IPX header and the
header, if present, always appears at the same offset. Traffic type is
switched to Routed.
• A minimum number of frames contain an Ethernet header and the
switched to Bridged Ethernet.
1-30 Sniffer Pro

• A minimum number of frames contain a Token Ring header and the

switched to Bridged Token Ring.
If none of the above conditions are met and either Sniffer Pro has
processed the maximum number of frames allowed in the discovery
process or the maximum duration of the discovery process has been
reached, the discovery process concludes unsuccessfully. Sniffer Pro
switches to normal operating mode with Other Router/Bridge
encapsulation and traffic type Unknown.
Customizing the Automatic Discovery Process

You can modify certain parameters of the discovery process by clicking
Customize Discovery Process in the WAN Medium Extension tab before
starting the discovery. The Discovery Process Parameters dialog box
opens in which to enter the following parameters:
• Minimum number of consistent frames required for successful
discovery. Once Sniffer Pro sees this number of frames which satisfy
one of the five conditions shown in How Sniffer Pro Performs Automatic
Discovery, it ends the discovery process. The default value is four
frames.
• Maximum offset for testing for IP or IPX header in frame (in bytes).
During the discovery process, Sniffer Pro checks for an IP or IPX
header at every location within the frame, starting from the beginning
and ending at the maximum offset value. The default value is 40 bytes.
• Maximum number of frames analyzed during discovery process. If
Sniffer Pro does not conclude the discovery process successfully after
seeing this number of frames, it stops the process anyway. The default
value is 20 frames.
• Maximum duration of discovery process (in seconds). If Sniffer Pro
does not conclude the discovery process successfully after this time, it
stops the process anyway. The default value is 30 seconds.

1-32 Sniffer Pro

Using the HSSI Adapter 2
2
Overview
This chapter includes the following topics:
• Installing the HSSI adapter.
• Connecting the HSSI adapter to a HSSI network.
• Configuring the Sniffer Pro to capture using the HSSI adapter.
Each topic is described below.
Installing the HSSI Adapter in the Sniffer Pro

This section describes how to install the HSSI adapter card in the Sniffer
Pro PC. Installing the HSSI adapter card consists of the following major
steps:
• Installing the HSSI adapter card in an available PCI slot.
• Installing the software driver provided by NAI for the HSSI card.
You perform these steps in a different order depending on whether you

are installing on a Windows 95/98 platform or a Windows NT platform.
Procedures for both are provided below.
NOTE: The following procedures assume that you have already installed
the Sniffer Pro software on your PC.
HSSI Adapter — Windows NT Installation

To install the HSSI adapter in a Sniffer Pro PC running Windows NT:

install it now.
2. Power off the Sniffer Pro PC and remove the power cord.

Using the HSSI Adapter
3. Consult your PC manufacturer’s instructions for opening your PC and

installing expansion cards. Open your PC and install the HSSI adapter
in an available PCI slot according to these instructions.
4. Restart your computer and install the network driver provided by
NAI for the HSSI adapter:
b. Open the Network control panel and select the Adapters Tab.
c. Click the Add button to add a network adapter.
driver you want to install. Supply the following path for the HSSI
driver for Windows NT and click OK (Figure 2–1):
C:\Program Files\NAI\SnifferNT\Driver\HSSI\WinNT
Figure 2–1. Supplying the Path to the HSSI Driver

want to install. Select the Network Associates PCI HSSI Adapter
and click OK (Figure 2–2).
2-2 Sniffer Pro

g. The Network dialog box appears with the HSSI adapter installed
(in addition to any other adapters you may have installed).
Figure 2–3. Network Dialog Box with HSSI Adapter Installed

5. In the Item Notes field, enter “Monitor - ” before the installed

adapter’s name, to make it easy to identify the Monitor card.
6. Click the Bindings tab. Windows NT reviews the bindings.
7. Select All Adapters from the Show Bindings for drop-down list, and
then select the corresponding LAN adapter (Monitor card).
8. Click the + sign in front of the card to expand the list.
9. Select the TCP/IP protocol and click the Disable button to disable
TCP/IP for the Monitor card.
10. Select the WINS client (TCP/IP) and click the Disable button to
disable WINS for the Monitor card.
11. Restart your PC.
At this point, the HSSI adapter is installed and ready to be used by the
Sniffer Pro Analyzer. Turn to Connecting the HSSI Adapter to the Network on
page 2–6 to learn how to connect the HSSI adapter to various network
types.
2-4 Sniffer Pro

HSSI Adapter — Windows 95/98 Installation

Ë IMPORTANT: Make sure you install the Sniffer Pro software before
you install the HSSI adapter. Once the Sniffer Pro software is installed,
the HSSI adapter operates as a Plug and Play device, greatly
simplifying installation.
To install the HSSI adapter in a Sniffer Pro PC running Windows 95/98:

install it now.
2. Power off the PC. Consult your PC manufacturer’s instructions for
opening your PC and installing expansion cards. Open your PC and
install the HSSI adapter in an available PCI slot according to those
instructions.
3. Restart your computer.
4. When the computer reboots, it will detect the presence of the
newly-installed HSSI adapter and install the appropriate driver for the
adapter.
Ë IMPORTANT: For plug and play installation to work correctly,

the Sniffer Pro software must be installed on the PC hard drive
before you install the HSSI adapter.
5. The HSSI adapter will automatically bind to whatever protocols have

been set up in Windows. To make sure you are receiving frames
purely from the HSSI adapter, you need to remove unnecessary
bindings from the HSSI adapter (for example, TCP/IP and IPX/SPX).
a. Choose Control Panel from the Settings entry in the Start menu
and double-click the Network entry.
b. In the Network dialog box, select the TCP/IP -> Network
Associates HSSI Sniffer PCI Adapter entry in the Network
dialog box.
c. Click Remove.
d. Select the IPX/SPX-compatible Protocol -> HSSI Sniffer PCI
e. Click Remove.
f. Click OK.

g. Make sure you have preserved the NetBEUI -> Network

Associates LM2000 WAN ISA Adapter binding. The HSSI
adapter needs this binding to work on a Windows 95/98 system.
6. Click OK. You will be prompted to restart your computer. Restart
your computer.
At this point, the HSSI adapter is installed and ready to be used by the
Sniffer Pro Analyzer. Turn to Connecting the HSSI Adapter to the Network on
page 2–6 to learn how to connect the HSSI adapter to various network
types.
Connecting the HSSI Adapter to the Network

This section describes how to connect the Sniffer Pro to a HSSI network
using the hardware shipped with the HSSI card. The HSSI hardware
consists of the following:
• HSSI interface card
• HSSI tap
• 26-pin proprietary cable for connecting the HSSI interface card to the
HSSI tap
Figure 2–4 illustrates how the Sniffer Pro connects to a HSSI network.
Figure 2–4. Connecting the Sniffer Pro to a HSSI Network
2-6 Sniffer Pro

The HSSI card is a PCI-bus card with a 26-pin female connector. There is
no jumper switch on the HSSI Interface card. The PCI interrupt number
for the HSSI Interface card is assigned by the PCI configuration software
of your PC.
+ WARNING: Connecting the HSSI tap to the HSSI link requires an

extra 50-pin SCSI-II cable. Please make sure you have this extra 50-pin
SCSI-II cable before taking down the HSSI link.
To connect the HSSI Sniffer analyzer to the network:

1. Make sure the Sniffer Pro PC is powered off. “Hot” connections
between the HSSI interface card and the HSSI tap are not supported.
2. A 26-pin proprietary cable is provided with the HSSI interface card.
Connect one end of this cable to the HSSI interface card.
NOTE: For the connection between the HSSI interface card and the
HSSI tap, use only the cable provided with your HSSI hardware. This
cable is specially designed for use with the Sniffer Pro. Use of other
cables will cause improper operation of the analyzer and may result in
damage to your equipment.
3. Connect the other end of the cable to the matching connector on the
HSSI tap. No external configuration of the HSSI tap is required.
4. Power on the Sniffer Pro. You should see a green light on the HSSI tap
indicating that the tap has been powered on.
+ WARNING: Do not disconnect the cable connecting the HSSI tap

and the HSSI interface card while the analyzer is powered on. If
you do, you may damage the electronics inside the card.
5. Use standard 50-pin SCSI-II cables to connect the HSSI tap to the DTE
and DCE.
Ë IMPORTANT: The HSSI tap acts as a passthrough for the HSSI

link. Once the HSSI tap is connected to the network, traffic will
pass through the HSSI link regardless of what the Sniffer Pro is
doing (or whether it is even connected to the tap).
6. You can connect the HSSI tap to the network at anytime, regardless of
the state of the Sniffer Pro.

NOTE: Internally, the HSSI Sniffer tap consists of two modules

interlocked together. One module has straight through wires which
connect the DTE port to the DCE port. The other module, which
contains special electronics, taps into the first module and relays the
signals passing through the first module to the 26-pin cable connector.
When the modules are properly connected, you should see a green
light at the interlock position of the HSSI tap.
2-8 Sniffer Pro

Configuring the Analyzer to Capture Using the

HSSI Adapter
Once the HSSI adapter is connected to the network via the HSSI tap, you
are ready to configure the analyzer to capture. Capture options specific to
the HSSI adapter are found in the WAN Medium Extension tab of the
Sniffer Pro’s Options dialog box.
You display the WAN Medium Extension tab by selecting Options from
the Tools menu and clicking on the WAN Medium Extension tab in the
dialog box that appears. Figure 2–5 shows the WAN Medium Extension
tab of the Options dialog box.
NOTE: This is the view of the WAN Medium Extension tab if the HSSI
adapter is the currently selected adapter. You can change the currently
selected adapter using the Select Settings... command in the File menu.
Figure 2–5. WAN Medium Extension Tab of the Options Dialog Box
As shown in Figure 2–5, the WAN Medium Extension tab lets you set the
following options:
• Encapsulation options

• CRC options
• Protocol options. Depending on the encapsulation protocol selected,
different protocol-specific options (such as the method for generating
the sequence number of the frames) may be configured.
You must set these options to match the line to be monitored. Failure to do
so can result in erratic behavior by the analyzer.
Each option is described below.
Setting Encapsulation Options

When capturing from a WAN circuit, you need to specify the lower-level
protocols used by the synchronous link. You use the Encapsulation
dropdown list in the WAN Medium Extension tab to specify the frame
type (encapsulation) used to transmit frames across the WAN. The
following encapsulation methods are available:
• SDLC
• X.25
• Frame Relay
• PPP
• Cisco HDLC
• Other Router/Bridge
• SMDS/DXI
The encapsulation protocols do not affect which of the higher-level

protocols are embedded within their frames.
Of these protocols, SDLC is used with SNA (System Network

Architecture) at IBM installations. X.25 is widespread in Europe. Frame
Relay, PPP, and proprietary versions of HDLC (like Cisco HDLC) are
widely used for LAN interconnectivity.
About the Other Router/Bridge Option

The Other Router/Bridge option lets the analyzer decode proprietary
versions of HDLC during capture. Many leased-line internetworks use
proprietary versions of HDLC. The Sniffer Pro can recognize and decode
data within many versions of HDLC. These include proprietary versions
of HDLC from the router/bridges shown in Table 2–1.
For versions of HDLC that Sniffer Pro cannot recognize, you can have the
analyzer skip a specified number of bytes of the router/bridge header and
2-10 Sniffer Pro

start analysis from the next protocol layer. The Other Router/Bridge
option is useful if the next layer starts with an Ethernet, Token Ring, IP or
IPX header. For details on selecting the correct option, see Setting Protocol
Options on page 2–12.
Wellfleet (Versions 3.1, 3.3, and 3.7) • All decodes

display.
Cisco • All decodes
display.
Vitalink • All decodes
display.
Proteon • All decodes
IBM source routing bridges (Versions • All decodes
2.2 and 2.3, token ring only)
Microcom • All decodes
• For Microcom bridges, Encoding
must be set to Modulo-128 rather
than Modulo-8.
Ungermann-Bass • All decodes
ACC • All decodes
Banyan VINES • All decodes
Crosscom • All decodes
Retix • All decodes
DEC • All decodes
Netronix • All decodes
ATT • All decodes

Ë IMPORTANT: If during a capture session you reconfigure anything

on the WAN link (for example, rebooting the router, or changing the
protocol being run by the router), you must stop and restart the
current capture session. Restarting the capture session allows the
analyzer to re-detect the type of WAN traffic on the link. You can also
use the Reset Probe option in the File menu to accomplish the same
effect.
Setting Line Speed Options

Use the Line Speed option to specify the speed of the HSSI link to be
monitored. If the range you want to specify is not listed in the Pre-defined
drop-down list, click Custom and enter the line speed.
Setting CRC Options

The Sniffer Pro can decode 16-bit CRC and 32-bit CRC for error detection
between two routers. The default is 16-bit CRC. You can switch between
16-bit and 32-bit by selecting the appropriate option in the WAN Medium
Extension tab of the Options dialog box (Figure 2–5 on page 2–9).
Setting Protocol Options

Depending on the encapsulation protocol selected, different
protocol-specific options (such as the method for generating the sequence
number of the frames) may be configured in the Protocol area of the WAN
Medium Extension tab. See Generating Frame Sequence Numbering on page
2–12.
If you select Other Router/Bridge in the Encapsulation drop-down list,

you have to select a payload (traffic) type and, for most types, the offset
parameter that describes how many bytes from the frame start should be
skipped to get to the payload (network or MAC layer). Specifying Payload
Type on page 2–13.
Other Router/Bridge also enables Sniffer Pro to automatically discover

the traffic and frame type on the line being analyzed. See Automatic
Discovery on page 2–13.
Generating Frame Sequence Numbering

If you have selected either SDLC or X.25 as the encapsulation protocol,
you can also specify the method used to generate frame sequence
2-12 Sniffer Pro

numbers. There are two methods for generating frame sequence numbers.
The method being used on a particular network is not readily apparent
just by inspection. One method uses three bits (Modulo 8), and is widely
used in the United States and in Europe. The other method uses seven bits
(Modulo 128), and is often used in Japan and in international satellite
links.
The default is Modulo 8.
Specifying Payload Type

When you select Other Router/Bridge in the Encapsulation listbox, you
can choose between four types of traffic.
Routed — Select this type of traffic if frames on the monitored WAN link
contain network layer data at a fixed offset from the beginning of the
frame. Enter the offset in bytes in the Offset to Network Layer box. With
this selection, Sniffer Pro will correctly interpret frames containing an IP
or IPX header at the specified offset. Frames not satisfying this condition
will not be interpreted.
Bridged Ethernet — Select this type of traffic if frames on the monitored

WAN link contain an encapsulated Ethernet header at a fixed offset from
the beginning of the frame. Enter the offset in bytes in the Offset to MAC
header box. With this selection, Sniffer Pro will interpret every frame as if
it contained an encapsulated Ethernet frame at the specified offset.
Bridged Token Ring — Select this type of traffic if frames on the

monitored WAN link contain an encapsulated Token Ring header at a
fixed offset from the beginning of the frame. Enter the offset in bytes in the
Offset to MAC header box. With this selection, Sniffer Pro will interpret
every frame as if it contained an encapsulated Token Ring frame at the
specified offset.
Unknown — Select this type of traffic if frames on the monitored WAN

link do not fit any of the above three categories or if you do not know the
type of traffic. With this selection, Sniffer Pro will interpret proprietary
versions of HDLC as described in the section About the Other Router/Bridge
Option on page 2–10 and in Table 2–1.
The default selection is Unknown.
Automatic Discovery
When you connect Sniffer Pro to a WAN link with unknown traffic, Sniffer
Pro can automatically determine certain frame types or traffic types being
analyzed. Automatic Discovery can recognize PPP and Cisco HDLC

encapsulations and Routed, Bridged Ethernet, and Bridged Token Ring

types of traffic within the Other Router/Bridge encapsulation. For the
definition of the different traffic options, see Specifying Payload Type on
page 2–13.
NOTE: Automatic Discovery will not recognize SDLC, X.25, Frame Relay,
or SMDS/DXI encapsulations.
To determine traffic and frame type on the WAN link:

1. Display the WAN Medium Extension tab as in Configuring the
Analyzer to Capture Using the HSSI Adapter on page 2–9.
2. In the Encapsulation drop-down box, select Other Router/Bridge. The
Protocol area appears in which to select a traffic type and enter the
number of offset bytes as shown in Figure 2–6 on page 2–14. If you
know this information, enter it manually and go to step 4.
Figure 2–6. WAN Medium Extension tab with Other Router/Bridge

selected
3. In the Protocol section, click Unknown and Discover.

4. Click OK.
2-14 Sniffer Pro

• If you clicked Unknown and Discover, Sniffer Pro automatically

discovers the frame type, the traffic type, and number of offset
bytes. After Sniffer Pro has completed the discovery, you may
re-open the WAN Medium Extension tab and view the results.
For information on how Sniffer Pro performs Automatic
Discovery, see How Sniffer Pro Performs Automatic Discovery on
page 2–15.
NOTE: If you want to modify the discovery parameters before

starting the discovery operation, click Customize Discovery Process
and set the parameters. For example, specify the duration of discovery
or the maximum number of frames to be analyzed during discovery.
Then click OK to save the parameters. For further information, see
Customizing the Automatic Discovery Process on page 2–16.
How Sniffer Pro Performs Automatic Discovery

To use Automatic Discovery, you select traffic type Unknown, check the
Discover box, and click OK, as described in Automatic Discovery on page
2–13. Sniffer Pro enters a special operating mode in which all received
frames are interpreted only to the extent that they can help in completing
the discovery process. In particular, no monitoring, capture or expert
functions are performed while the discovery lasts. When the process is
complete, Sniffer Pro switches encapsulation and/or traffic type to the
newly discovered values and returns to the normal operation. From this
point on, the discovery process continues the same as if you had changed
the settings manually.
For Sniffer Pro to successfully complete the discovery process, one of the
following conditions must be met:
• All observed frames start with a PPP header. Encapsulation is
switched to PPP.
• All observed frames start with a Cisco HDLC header. Encapsulation is
switched to Cisco HDLC.
• A minimum number of frames contain an IP or IPX header and the
switched to Routed.
• A minimum number of frames contain an Ethernet header and the
switched to Bridged Ethernet.

• A minimum number of frames contain a Token Ring header and the

switched to Bridged Token Ring.
If none of the above conditions are met and either Sniffer Pro has
processed the maximum number of frames allowed in the discovery
process or the maximum duration of the discovery process has been
reached, the discovery process concludes unsuccessfully. Sniffer Pro
switches to normal operating mode with Other Router/Bridge
encapsulation and traffic type Unknown.
Customizing the Automatic Discovery Process

You can modify certain parameters of the discovery process by clicking
Customize Discovery Process in the WAN Medium Extension tab before
starting the discovery. The Discovery Process Parameters dialog box
opens in which to enter the following parameters:
• Minimum number of consistent frames required for successful
discovery. Once Sniffer Pro sees this number of frames which satisfy
one of the five conditions shown in How Sniffer Pro Performs Automatic
Discovery, it ends the discovery process. The default value is four
frames.
• Maximum offset for testing for IP or IPX header in frame (in bytes).
During the discovery process, Sniffer Pro checks for an IP or IPX
header at every location within the frame, starting from the beginning
and ending at the maximum offset value. The default value is 40 bytes.
• Maximum number of frames analyzed during discovery process. If
Sniffer Pro does not conclude the discovery process successfully after
seeing this number of frames, it stops the process anyway. The default
value is 20 frames.
• Maximum duration of discovery process (in seconds). If Sniffer Pro
does not conclude the discovery process successfully after this time, it
stops the process anyway. The default value is 30 seconds.
2-16 Sniffer Pro

About the High Speed Serial
Interface (HSSI) A
A
This chapter provides an overview of the ANSI standard for the High
Speed Serial Interface (HSSI) and the protocols which are allowed in the
HSSI.
The ANSI standard defines the HSSI as a synchronous, serial, binary

interconnection between data terminal equipment (DTE) and data
circuit-terminating equipment (DCE) with data signaling rates up to a full
duplex maximum of 52 Mbps. This standard defines the signal
characteristics, interface mechanical characteristics, and functionality of
the interchange circuits.
HSSI Specification
ANSI standard documents ANSI/TIA/EIA-612 and ANSI/TIA/EIA-613
define the electrical and mechanical characteristics of the HSSI interface.
Separate circuits are used for data exchange and for the exchange of
control information between the DTE and the DCE. A 50-pin connector is
used for all the HSSI interchange circuits. The connector is mechanically
identical to a standard SCSI II 50-pin connector, although the circuit
assignments inside a HSSI connector are different from the circuit
assignments inside a standard SCSI-II interface connector. Figure A–1
illustrates the functional position of a HSSI link.
Figure A–1. DTE to DCE Interconnection Through a HSSI Link
Installing, Connecting, and Configuring WAN Hardware A-1

About the High Speed Serial Interface (HSSI)
The assignments of the 50 pins on the HSSI connector are listed in

Table A–1. The Contact Pair Pin Numbers (for example, m to n) refer to the
connection between pin number m of the DTE (DCE) and pin number n of
DCE (DTE). The signal direction is listed in the Direction field of this table.
Each pin pair is labeled with a circuit number representing the circuit to
which it belongs.
.
Table A–1. Assignment of HSSI Connector Pins

Contact Pair Pin Circuit
Number Number Direction Description
1 to 26 102 - Signal Common
2 to 27 115 From DCE Timing (Receiver signal element)
3 to 28 107 From DCE Control (DCE Ready: CA)
4 to 29 104 From DCE Data (Received data)
5 to 30 - From DCE Reserved for future use.
6 to 31 114 From DCE Timing (Transmitter signal element)
8 to 33 108/2 To DCE Control (DTE Ready: TA)
9 to 34 113 To DCE Timing (Transmitter signal element)
10 to 35 143 To DCE Control (Loopback A)
11 to 36 103 To DCE Data (Transmitted data)
12 to 37 144 To DCE Control (Loopback B)
Contact Pair Pin Circuit
Number Number Direction Description
13 to 38 102 Signal Common

14 to 39 - To DCE Reserved for future use
20 to 45 - From DCE Reserved for future use
24 to 49 142 From DCE Control (Test mode)
A-2 Sniffer Pro

Classification of Circuits
The HSSI circuits can be classified as follows:
• Signal Common Circuit
• Data Circuits
• Control Circuits
• Timing Circuits
Signal Common Circuits

Circuit 102 (the Signal Common Circuit) connects the DTE circuit ground
to the DCE circuit ground.
Data Circuits
Circuit 103 (Transmitted Data Circuit) transfers data from DTE to DCE.
The DTE will not transfer data to the DCE on Circuit 103 unless Circuit 107
(DCE Ready) and Circuit 108/2 (DTE Ready) are both asserted. The DTE
will hold the transmission of data to DCE, if either Circuit 107 or Circuit
108/2 is not ready.
Circuit 104 (Received Data) is for the transmission of data from DCE to
DTE. The DCE will not transfer data to the DTE on this circuit unless
Circuit 107 (DCE Ready), and Circuit 108/2 (DTE Ready) are both
asserted.
Control Circuits
Circuit 107 (DCE Ready) carries the DCE Ready signal to the DTE. This
circuit is asserted at ON status when the DCE is ready to exchange data
with the DTE.
Circuit 108/2 (DTE Ready) carries the DTE Ready signal to the DCE. This
circuit is asserted at ON status when the DTE is ready to exchange data
with the DCE.
Circuits 142 (Test Mode), 143 (Loopback A), and 144 (Loopback B) are also
the Control Circuits. The signals from circuits Loopback A and Loopback
B are used to indicate the loopback test conditions to the DCE.
A loopback test will begin when the DCE indicates to the DTE that it is
ready for the loopback test by asserting Circuit 142 (Test Mode). If Circuit
142 is not asserted, then the DCE is in its normal mode and no loopback
test will be performed.

A loopback test allows a DTE to transmit data to either a local DCE or to a

remote DCE, and to have that data looped back to the DTE. As shown in
Figure A–2, there are three different modes of loopback test: Loop A, Loop
B, and Loop C.
Figure A–2. Loopback Test Loops
Local Digital Loopback (Loop A) checks the functionality of the DTE/DCE

interface by having the local DCE loop back the transmitted data from
Circuit 103 (Transmitted Data) of the DTE to Circuit 104 (Received Data).
The data does not go through the transmit and receive sections of the DCE.
The status of the control circuits during a Local Digital Loopback test
condition is summarized in Table A–2.
Table A–2. Local Digital Loopback (Loop A) Circuit Status
Circuit Number Name Status
107 DCE Ready ON
142 Test Mode ON
143 Loopback A ON
144 Loopback B ON
Local Line Loopback (Loop B) checks the functionality of the DTE/DCE

interface, and the transmit and receive sections of the local DCE. The data
transmitted from the DTE goes through the transmit section of the local
DCE. Just before leaving for the remote DCE, the data is looped back
through the receive section of the local DCE, and then back to the DTE.
The status of the Control Circuits during a Local Line Loopback test
A-4 Sniffer Pro

Table A–3. Local Line Loopback (Loop B) Circuit Status

Circuit Number Name Status
107 DCE Ready ON
142 Test Mode ON
143 Loopback A ON
144 Loopback B OFF
Remote Line Loopback (Loop C) checks the functionality of the

transmission path from the DTE to the line interface of the remote DCE. It
also checks the functionality of the return transmission path from the
remote DCE to the DTE.
In a Remote Line Loopback test, the remote DCE is signaled from the local
DCE to begin the Loop C test condition.
The status of the control circuits during a Remote Line Loopback test
Table A–4. Local Line Loopback (Loop C) Circuit Status
Local I Remote
Interface Interface
Circuit Number Name Status Status
107 DCE Ready ON OFF
142 Test Mode ON ON
143 Loopback A OFF OFF
144 Loopback B ON OFF
Timing Circuits
Circuit 113 (Transmitter Signal Element Timing) is the DTE source. It is
used by the DTE to return the timing signal sent from the DCE and back
to the DCE. The DTE returns this timing signal back to the DCE through
Circuit 113. In this way, timing information exchange in both directions is
established. The ON to OFF falling edge of the clock signal on Circuit 113
indicates the center of each data signal element on Circuit 103
(Transmitted Data to DCE).
Circuit 114 (Transmitter Signal Element Timing) is the DCE Source. It is

used by the DCE to provide the DTE with signal element timing
information. The OFF to ON rising edge of the clock signal on Circuit 114
nominally corresponds to the transition between data signal elements on
Circuit 103 (Transmitted Data to DCE). Circuit 114 is held in the OFF
condition when timing information is not transferred across the interface.

Circuit 115 (Receiver Signal Element Timing) is the DCE Source. It is used
by the DCE to provide the DTE with received signal element timing
information. The ON to OFF falling edge of the clock signal on Circuit 115
nominally corresponds to the center of each signal element on Circuit 104
(Received Data from the DCE).
Protocols Running over the HSSI Link

As a physical medium, the HSSI supports all the WAN protocols which
run on conventional physical mediums, such as V.35 or RS-422. The only
requirement for HSSI traffic is that the frames be encapsulated with a pair
of HDLC flags (01111110 in binary). Frame Relay and Synchronous PPP
are common protocols which run on the HSSI link.
A protocol called Asynchronous Transfer Mode Data Exchange Interface (ATM

DXI) allows the connection of a DTE to an ATM DSU. From the ATM DSU,
frames are split into ATM cells which will be sent through an ATM
network. Similarly, cells arriving at an ATM DSU from an ATM network
are assembled into frames at the DSU. These frames are sent to the local
DTE through the HSSI link using ATM DXI encapsulation. Appendix B,
About the ATM DXI Interface gives a detailed description of the ATM DXI
protocol.
General Specifications
Table A–5 provides some general specifications for the HSSI interface.
Table A–5. General Specifications for the HSSI Interface
Specification HSSI characteristics
Data rate: Up to a maximum of 52 Mbps, full duplex
Connection: Between a DTE and a DCE
Connector: A 50-pin SCSI-II connector is used for each end of the
connection cable.
Timing: Synchronous, through circuits 113, 114, and 115
Control: Data transmission will not occur unless both the DCE
and the DTE show they are ready, through circuits 107
and 108/2 respectively.
Loopback test: Local Digital Loopback (Loop A), Local Line Loopback
(Loop B), and the Remote Line Loopback (Loop C)
Protocols: All WAN protocols and ATM DXI
A-6 Sniffer Pro

Network Associates
Support Services B
B
Adding Value To Your Network Associates Product
Sniffer Technologies network management software helps to ensure that
the critical technology you rely on functions smoothly and effectively.
Taking advantage of a Network Associates support plan extends the
protection you get from your software by giving you access to the
expertise you need to install, monitor, maintain and upgrade your system
with the latest Network Associates technology. With a support plan
tailored to your needs, you can keep your system or your network
working dependably in your computing environment for months or years
to come.
Corporate customers can choose from four levels of extended support

under the Network Associates Corporate PrimeSupport* program.
PrimeSupport Options for Corporate Customers

The Corporate PrimeSupport program offers these four support plans:
• PrimeSupport KnowledgeCenter Plan
• PrimeSupport Connect Plan
• PrimeSupport Priority Plan
• PrimeSupport Enterprise Plan
Each plan has a range of features that provide you with cost-effective and
timely support geared to meet your needs. The following sections describe
each plan in detail.
The PrimeSupport KnowledgeCenter Plan

The PrimeSupport KnowledgeCenter Plan gives you access to an
extensive array of technical support information via a Network Associates
online knowledge base, and download access to product upgrades from
the Network Associates website. If you purchased your Network
Associates product with a subscription license, you receive the
PrimeSupport KnowledgeCenter Plan as part of the package, for the
length of your subscription term.
Installing, Connecting, and Configuring WAN Hardware B-1

Network Associates Support Services
If you purchased a perpetual license for your Network Associates product,

you can purchase a PrimeSupport KnowledgeCenter Plan for an annual
fee.
To receive your KnowledgeCenter password or to register your

PrimeSupport agreement with Network Associates, visit:
http://www.nai.com/asp_set/support/introduction/default.asp
Your completed form will go to the Network Associates Customer Service

Center. You must submit this form before you connect to the
PrimeSupport KnowledgeCenter site.
With the PrimeSupport KnowledgeCenter Plan, you get:

• Unrestricted, 24-hour-per-day online access to technical solutions
from a searchable knowledge base within the Network Associates
website
• Electronic incident and query submission
• Technical documents, including user’s guides, FAQ lists, and release
notes
• Online data file updates and product upgrades
The PrimeSupport Connect Plan

The PrimeSupport Connect Plan gives you telephone access to essential
product assistance from experienced technical support staff members.
With this plan, you get:
• In North America, unlimited toll-free telephone access to technical
support from Monday through Friday, 8:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m. Central
Time
• In Europe, the Middle East, and Africa, unlimited telephone access to
technical support, at standard long-distance or international rates,
Monday through Friday, from 9:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. local time
• In the Asia-Pacific region, unlimited toll-free, telephone access to
technical support, Monday through Friday, from 8:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m.
AEST
• In Latin America, unlimited telephone access to technical support, at
standard long-distance or international rates, Monday through
Friday, from 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. Central Time
website
B-2 Sniffer Pro


notes
• Data file updates and product upgrades via the Network Associates
website
The PrimeSupport Priority Plan

The PrimeSupport Priority Plan gives you round-the-clock telephone
access to essential product assistance from experienced Network
Associates technical support staff members. You can purchase the
PrimeSupport Priority Plan on an annual basis when you purchase a
Network Associates product, either with a subscription license or a
one-year license.
The PrimeSupport Priority Plan has these features:

• In North America, unlimited toll-free telephone access to technical
support from Monday through Friday, 8:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m. Central
Time
• In Europe, the Middle East, and Africa, unlimited telephone access to
technical support, at standard long-distance or international rates,
Monday through Friday, from 9:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. local time
• In the Asia-Pacific region, unlimited toll-free, telephone access to
technical support, Monday through Friday, from 8:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m.
AEST
• In Latin America, unlimited telephone access to technical support, at
standard long-distance or international rates, Monday through
Friday, from 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. Central Time
• Priority access to technical support staff members during regular
business hours
• Responses within one hour for urgent issues that happen outside
regular business hours, including those that happen during weekends
and local holidays
website
notes
• Data file updates and product upgrades via the Network Associates
website

The PrimeSupport Enterprise Plan

The PrimeSupport Enterprise Plan gives you round-the-clock,
personalized, proactive support from an assigned technical support
engineer. You’ll enjoy a relationship with a support professional who is
familiar with your Network Associates product deployment and support
history, and who will call you at an interval you designate to verify that
you have the knowledge you need to use and maintain Network
Associates products.
By calling in advance, your PrimeSupport Enterprise representative can

help to prevent problems before they occur. If, however, an emergency
arises, the PrimeSupport Enterprise Plan gives you a committed response
time that assures you that help is on the way. You may purchase the
PrimeSupport Enterprise Plan on an annual basis when you purchase a
Network Associates product, either with a subscription license or a
one-year license.
With the PrimeSupport Enterprise Plan, you get:

• Unlimited, toll-free telephone access to an assigned technical support
engineer on a 24-hour-per-day, seven-day-per-week basis, including
during weekends and local holidays.
NOTE: The availability of toll-free telephone support varies by region

and is not available in some parts of Europe, the Middle East, Africa,
and Latin America.
• Proactive support contacts from your assigned support engineer via

telephone or e-mail, at intervals you designate
• Committed response times from your support engineer, who will
respond to pages within half an hour, to voice mail within one hour,
and to e-mail within four hours
• Assignable customer contacts, which allow you to designate five
people in your organization who your support engineer can contact in
your absence
• Optional beta site status, which gives you access to the absolute latest
Network Associates products and technology
website
B-4 Sniffer Pro


notes
• Online data file updates and product upgrades
Ordering a Corporate PrimeSupport Plan

To order any PrimeSupport Plan, contact your sales representative, or
• In North America, call Network Associates at (972) 308-9960, Monday
through Friday from 8:00 a.m. to 7:00 p.m. Central Time. Press 3 on
your telephone keypad for sales assistance.
• In Europe, the Middle East, and Africa, contact your local Network
Associates office. Contact information appears near the front of this
guide.

Table B–1. Corporate PrimeSupport Plans at a Glance
Plan Knowledge Center Connect Plan Priority Plan Enterprise Plan

Feature Plan
Technical Yes Yes Yes Yes

support via
website
Software Yes Yes Yes Yes
updates
Technical — Monday–Friday Monday–Friday, after Monday–Friday, after
support via hours emergency hours emergency
telephone access access
North America:
8 a.m.–8 p.m. CT North America: North America:
8 a.m.–8 p.m. CT 8 a.m.–8 p.m. CT
Europe, Middle East,
Africa: Europe, Middle East, Europe, Middle East,
9am-6pm local time Africa: Africa:
9am-6pm local time 9am-6pm local time
Asia-Pacific:
8 a.m.-6 p.m. AEST Asia-Pacific: Asia-Pacific:
8 a.m.-6 p.m. AEST 8 am-6 p.m. AEST
Latin America:
9 a.m.-5 p.m. CT Latin America: Latin America:
9 a.m.-5 p.m. CT 9 a.m.-5 p.m. CT
Priority call — — Yes Yes
handling
After-hours — — Yes Yes
support
Assigned — — — Yes
support
engineer
Proactive — — — Yes
support
Designated — — — At least 5
contacts
Response E-mail within one Calls answered in 3 Within 1 hour for After hours pager: 30
charter business day minutes, response in urgent issues after minutes
one business day business hours
Voicemail: 1 hour
E-mail: 4 hours
B-6 Sniffer Pro

The PrimeSupport options described in the rest of this chapter are

available only in North America. To find out more about PrimeSupport,
Training and Consultancy options available outside North America,
contact your regional sales office. Contact information appears near the
front of this guide.
Country or Region Phone Number* Bulletin Board System
Germany +49 (0)69 21901 300 +49 89 894 28 999

France +33 (0)1 4993 9002 +33 (0)1 4522 7601
United Kingdom +44 (0)171 5126099 +44 1344-306890
Italy +31 (0)55 538 4228 +31 (0)20 586 6128
Netherlands +31 (0)55 538 4228 +31 (0)20 586 6128
Europe +31 (0)55 538 4228 +31 (0)20 688 5521
Latin America +55-11-3794-0125 +55-11-5506-9100
* long distance charges may apply
Network Associates Consulting and Training

The Network Associates Total Service Solutions program provides you
with expert consulting and comprehensive education that can help you
maximize the security and performance of your network investments. The
Total Service Solutions program includes the Network Associates
Professional Consulting arm and the Total Education Services program.
Professional Services
Network Associates Professional Services is ready to assist you during all
stages of your network growth, from planning and design, through
implementation, and with ongoing management. Network Associates
consultants provide an expert’s independent perspective that you can use
as a supplemental resource to resolve your problems. You’ll get help
integrating Network Associates products into your environment, along
with troubleshooting assistance or help in establishing baselines for
network performance. Network Associates consultants also develop and
deliver custom solutions to help accomplish your project goals—from
lengthy, large-scale implementations to brief problem-solving
assignments.

Jumpstart Services
For focused help with specific problem resolution or software
implementation issues, Network Associates offers a Jumpstart Service that
gives you the tools you need to manage your environment. This service
can include these elements:
• Installation and optimization. This service brings a Network
Associates consultant onsite to install, configure, and optimize your
new Network Associates product and give basic operational product
knowledge to your team.
• Selfstart knowledge. This service brings a Network Associates
consultant onsite to help prepare you to perform your new product
implementation on your own and, in some cases, to install the
product.
• Proposal Development. This service helps you to evaluate which
processes, procedures, hardware and software you need before you
roll out or upgrade Network Associates products, after which a
Network Associates consultant prepares a custom proposal for your
environment.
Network Consulting
Network Associates consultants provide expertise in protocol analysis
and offer a vendor-independent perspective to recommend unbiased
solutions for troubleshooting and optimizing your network. Consultants
can also bring their broad understanding of network management best
practices and industry relationships to speed problem escalation and
resolution through vendor support.
You can order a custom consultation to help you plan, design, implement,
and manage your network, which can enable you to assess the impact of
rolling out new applications, network operating systems, or
internetworking devices.
To learn more about the options available:

• Contact your regional sales representative.
• In North America, call Network Associates at (972) 308-9960, Monday
through Friday from 8:00 a.m. to 7:00 p.m. Central Time.
• Visit the Network Associates website at:
http://www.nai.com/asp_set/services/introduction/default.asp
B-8 Sniffer Pro

Total Education Services

Network Associates Total Education Services builds and enhances the
skills of all network professionals through practical, hands-on instruction.
The Total Education Services technology curriculum focuses on network
fault and performance management and teaches problem-solving at all
levels. Network Associates also offers modular product training so that
you understand the features and functionality of your new software.
You can enroll in Total Education Services courses year-round at Network

Associates educational centers, or you can learn from customized courses
conducted at your location. All courses follow educational steps along a
learning path that takes you to the highest levels of expertise. Network
Associates is a founding member of the Certified Network Expert (CNX)
consortium. To learn more about these programs:
• Contact your regional sales representative.
• Call Network Associates Total Education Services at (800) 395-3151
Ext. 2670 (for private course scheduling) or (888) 624-8724 (for public
course scheduling).
• Visit the Network Associates website at:
http://www.nai.com/services/education/

B-10 Sniffer Pro

Index
Numerics Circuit 114, Transmitter Signal Element

Timing A-5
142, Test Mode A-3
Circuit 115, Receiver Signal Element Timing
143, Loopback A A-3 A-6
144, Loopback B A-3 Circuit Number A-2
26-pin proprietary cable 2-6 to 2-7 Circuits 142, 143 and 144 A-3
50-pin SCSI-II cables 2-7 connecting
50-position connector A-1 LM2000 card 1-17
Connecting the HSSI Sniffer Pro to the
A Network 2-6
ACC connectors
and the Sniffer Pro 1-25, 2-11 HSSI 2-6
ANSI standard A-1 LM2000 1-15
ANSI standard documents A-1 consulting services B-7
ANSI/TIA/EIA-612 A-1 Contact pair pin numbers A-2
ANSI/TIA/EIA-613 A-1 Customer Care
contacting viii
Assignment of HISSI Connector Pins A-2
ATM CSU frames A-6
automatic traffic discovery
D
customizing 1-31, 2-16 data capture options
determining frame types 1-28, 2-13 for the HSSI adapter 2-9
how to use 1-30, 2-15 for the LM2000I adapter 1-23
data transmission line 1-16
B DTE to an ATM CSU A-6
Banyan Vines DTE to DCE interconnection through a HSSI
link A-1
and the Sniffer Pro 1-25, 2-11
C E
educational services, description of B-9
Circuit 102, a Signal Common Circuit A-3
electrical and mechanical characteristics A-1
Circuit 103, Transmit Data A-3
Circuit 104, Receive Data A-3
Circuit 107, DCE Ready A-3
F
Frame relay protocol 1-24, 2-10
Circuit 108/2, DTE Ready A-3
frame type
Circuit 113, Transmitter Signal Element
Timing A-5 specifying for HSSI interface 2-10
Installing, Connecting, and Configuring WAN Hardware Index-1

Index
specifying for LM2000 interface 1-24 M

Microcom
H and Encoding to Modulo-128 1-25, 2-11
HDLC and the Sniffer Pro 1-25, 2-11
decoding different versions 1-24, 2-10 Modulo 128 1-27, 2-13
High Speed Serial Interface (HSSI) A-1 Modulo 8 1-27, 2-13
Hot connections 2-7
HSSI N
characteristics A-6 Network Associates
maximum limit A-1 consulting services B-7
specification A-1 contacting
HSSI interface Customer Service viii
specifications A-6 outside the United States x
HSSI Sniffer Pro hardware 2-6 within the United States ix
educational services B-9
HSSI Sniffer Pro interface 2-7
training ix, B-7
HSSI tap 2-6 to 2-7
NRZ 1-26
NRZI 1-26
I
IBM
routers and the Sniffer Pro 1-25, 2-11
P
patch matrix panel 1-16
Invert (data bits) option 1-27
PCI-bus card 2-7
physical interface 1-26
L
physical medium A-6
line speed
setting in HSSI interface 2-12 PrimeSupport - corporate
at a glance B-6
LM2000
Connect Plan B-2
connecting to network 1-17
Enterprise Plan B-4
connectors 1-15
KnowledgeCenter Plan B-1
encapsulation options 1-24, 2-10
ordering B-5
Y-cables 1-15
Priority Plan B-3
Local Digital Loopback, Loop A, Circuit Status
A-4 Professional Consulting Services B-7
Local Line Loopback Proteon
Loop B, Circuit Status A-5 and the Sniffer Pro 1-25, 2-11
Loop C, Circuit Status A-5
Loop A, Local Digital Loopback A-4 R
loopback test A-4 Remote Line Loopback
Loopback Test loops A-4 Loop C A-5
test A-5
Index-2 Sniffer Pro

Index
routers/bridges RS423 physical interface 1-26

types supported by Sniffer Pro 1-25, 2-11 V.10 physical interface 1-26
RS-232 V.11 physical interface 1-26
cable pinouts 1-17 V.35 physical interface 1-26
connecting Sniffer Pro 1-17 Solutions
RS232 contacting B-7
Sniffer Pro physical interface 1-26 standard SCSI II 50-pin connector A-1
RS422 support - corporate PrimeSupport
Sniffer Pro physical interface 1-26 at a glance B-6
RS-422/RS-423 Connect Plan B-2
cable pinouts 1-19 Enterprise Plan B-4
connecting Sniffer Pro 1-19 KnowledgeCenter Plan B-1
RS423 ordering B-5
Sniffer Pro physical interface 1-26 Priority Plan B-3
RS-530
cable pinouts 1-22 T
connecting Sniffer Pro 1-22 technical support
e-mail address for ix
S information needed from user ix
online viii
SDLC protocol 1-24, 2-10
phone numbers for ix
Sniffer Pro
technical support - corporate PrimeSupport
and ACC bridge/routers 1-25, 2-11
at a glance B-6
and Banyan Vines bridge/routers 1-25,
2-11 Connect Plan B-2
and IBM routers 1-25, 2-11 Enterprise Plan B-4
and Microcom bridge/routers 1-25, 2-11 KnowledgeCenter Plan B-1
and Proteon routers 1-25, 2-11 ordering B-5
and Ungermann-Bass bridge/routers Priority Plan B-3
1-25, 2-11 Timing Circuits A-5
and Vitalink routers 1-25, 2-11 TM DXI encapsulation A-6
and Wellfleet routers 1-25, 2-11 To connect the HSSI Sniffer Pro to the network
connecting to RS-232 1-17 2-7
connecting to RS-422/RS-423 1-19 Total Education Services
connecting to RS-530 1-22 description of B-7
connecting to V.10/V.11 1-20
Total Service B-7
connecting to V.35 1-21
Training xii
data transmission line 1-16
encapsulation options 1-24, 2-10 training for Network Associates products ix,
B-7
patch matrix panel 1-16
scheduling ix
RS232 1-26
RS422 physical interface 1-26
Installing, Connecting, and Configuring WAN Hardware Index-3

Index
U
Ungermann-Bass
V
V.10
Sniffer Pro physical interface 1-26
V.10/V.11
cable pinouts 1-20
connecting the Sniffer Pro 1-20
V.11
V.35
cable pinouts 1-21
connecting the Sniffer Pro 1-21
Vitalink
W
WAN Medium Extension Tab
selecting payload type 1-28, 2-13
setting CRC 1-27, 2-12
setting protocol options 1-27, 2-12
WAN protocol A-6
WAN/synchronous
encoding methods 1-26
frame sequence numbers 1-27, 2-13
Invert option 1-27
Wellfleet
Y
Y-cables 1-15
Index-4 Sniffer Pro

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Sniffer Pro

Part Number: NAI-426-0050-1, July 2000

Chapter 1. Using the LM2000 Adapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1

Installing, Connecting, and Configuring WAN Hardware iii

Automatic Discovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-28

Chapter 2. Using the HSSI Adapter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1

Appendix A. About the High Speed Serial Interface (HSSI) . . . . . . . . . A-1

Appendix B. Network Associates

The PrimeSupport KnowledgeCenter Plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B-1

Installing, Connecting, and Configuring WAN Hardware v

About this Document

Table i. Organization of this Document

Chapter 1, Using the LM2000 • Describes how to install the

Installing, Connecting, and Configuring WAN Hardware vii

Ë IMPORTANT: This document does not describe standard Sniffer Pro

How to Contact Network Associates

Network Associates Customer Service

Other contact information for corporate-licensed customers:

Phone: (972) 308-9960

Fax: (972) 619-7485 (24-hour, Group III fax)

World Wide http://www.nai.com/asp_set/services/

viii Sniffer Pro

For corporate-licensed customers:

Phone (972) 308-9960

Fax (972) 619-7845

This guide includes a summary of the PrimeSupport plans available to

Corporate customers (801) 492-2650

Network Associates Training

Installing, Connecting, and Configuring WAN Hardware ix

International Contact Information

Network Associates Network Associates

Level 1, 500 Pacific Highway Pulvermuehlstrasse 17

Network Associates Network Associates

BDC Heyzel Esplanade, boîte 43 Rua Geraldo Flausino Gomez 78

Network Associates Network Associates

Network Associates Denmark NA Network Associates Oy

Lautruphoej 1-3 Mikonkatu 9, 5. krs.

Network Associates Network Associates

50 Rue de Londres Ohmstraße 1

Network Associates Hong Kong Network Associates Srl

19th Floor, Matheson Centre Centro Direzionale Summit

Network Associates Japan, Inc. Network Associates Latin America

Network Associates Network Associates

Andres Bello No. 10, 4 Piso Gatwickstraat 25

Installing, Connecting, and Configuring WAN Hardware xi

Network Associates Net Tools Network Associates

Av. da Liberdade, 114 Hawthorne House

Network Associates Network Associates

78 Shenton Way Orense 4, 4a Planta.

Network Associates Sweden Network Associates AG

Network Associates Network Associates

Suite 6, 11F, No. 188, Sec. 5 227 Bath Road

xii Sniffer Pro

Each topic is described below.

Installing the LM2000 Adapter

You perform these steps in a different order depending on whether you

Installing, Connecting, and Configuring WAN Hardware 1-1

LM2000 Adapter — Windows NT Installation

To install the LM2000 adapter in a Sniffer Pro PC running Windows NT: