Professional Documents
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Sniffer Pro Howto
Sniffer Pro Howto
Installing, Connecting,
and Configuring WAN
Hardware
4.0 Release
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Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii
About this Document . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .vii
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iv Sniffer Pro
Table of Contents
vi Sniffer Pro
Preface
This document describes how to install, connect, and configure the WAN
adapters supported by Release 1.5 of the Sniffer Pro Network Analyzer.
The Sniffer Pro Network Analyzer supports the following WAN adapters:
• LM2000 adapter. The LM2000 adapter lets you connect to RS-232,
RS-422, RS-423, V.10, V.11, and V.35 network interfaces.
• HSSI adapter. The HSSI adapter lets you connect to a High Speed
Serial Interface.
Section Contents
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x Sniffer Pro
Preface
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1
Overview
This chapter describes how to:
• Install the LM2000 adapter.
• Connect the LM2000 adapter to a variety of supported network
interfaces.
• Configure the Sniffer Pro to capture from the connected network
interface using the LM2000 adapter.
NOTE: The following procedures assume that you have already installed
the Sniffer Pro software on your PC.
NOTE: If IRQs 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 are all already in use, you will need
to make one of them available for the LM2000 card by uninstalling
a conflicting device.
d. Click on the I/O Port button at the bottom of the Windows NT
Diagnostics window (Figure 1–1). The I/O Port windows
currently in use on the PC are listed.
e. The LM2000 card can use I/O base addresses starting at 0x200,
0x240, 0x280, 0x2C0, 0x300, 0x340, 0x380, or 0x3C0. Determine if
one of these I/O base addresses is available and write down its
number for later use.
NOTE: If all of these I/O base addresses are already in use, you
will need to make one of them available for the LM2000 card by
uninstalling a conflicting device.
3. Use the DIP switches on the LM2000 adapter to set its I/O base
address and IRQ to the values you identified in Step 2. You can see the
location of the DIP switches on the LM2000 card in Figure 1–11 on page
1–15.
a. Switches SW1, SW2, and SW3 specify the I/O base address of the
LM2000 card. Table 1–1 summarizes the possible values.
Table 1–1. LM2000 DIP Switch Settings for I/O Base Values
b. Switches SW4, SW5, SW6, SW7, and SW8 specify the IRQ of the
LM2000 card. Table 1–2 summarizes the possible values.
g. The LM2000 Adapter Setup dialog box appears (Figure 1–4). Use
this dialog box to set the LM2000’s interrupt number and I/O base
address to the values you set on the card in Step 3 on page 1–4.
At this point, the LM2000 adapter is installed and ready to be used by the
Sniffer Pro Analyzer. Turn to Connecting the LM2000 Adapter to the Network
on page 1–15 to learn how to connect the LM2000 adapter to various
network types.
NOTE: If IRQs 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 are all already in use, you will need
to make one of them available for the LM2000 card by uninstalling
a conflicting device.
f. Click on the Input/output (I/O) button at the top of the Computer
Properties dialog box (Figure 1–6). The I/O windows currently in
use on the PC are listed.
g. The LM2000 card can use I/O base addresses starting at 0x200,
0x240, 0x280, 0x2C0, 0x300, 0x340, 0x380, or 0x3C0. Determine if
one of these I/O base addresses is available and write down its
number for later use.
NOTE: If all of these I/O base addresses are already in use, you
will need to make one of them available for the LM2000 card by
uninstalling a conflicting device.
3. Use the DIP switches on the LM2000 adapter to set its I/O base
address and IRQ to the values you identified in Step 2. You can see the
location of the DIP switches on the LM2000 card in Figure 1–11 on page
1–15.
a. Switches SW1, SW2, and SW3 specify the I/O base address of the
LM2000 card. Table 1–3 summarizes the possible values.
Table 1–3. LM2000 DIP Switch Settings for I/O Base Values
b. Switches SW4, SW5, SW6, SW7, and SW8 specify the IRQ of the
LM2000 card. Table 1–4 summarizes the possible values.
b. Open the Network control panel and click the Add button.
c. The Select Network Component dialog box appears. Select the
Adapter entry and click Add to add a network adapter.
d. In the dialog box that appears, click the Have Disk button.
e. A dialog box appears prompting you to supply the path to the
driver you want to install. The driver provided by Network
Associates for the LM2000 adapter is stored under the NAI
directory in the Program Files directory. For most Windows 95/98
PCs, you can supply the following path for the LM2000 driver for
Windows 95/98 and click OK (Figure 1–7):
C:\Progra~1\NAI\Sniffer\Driver\LM2000\Win95
If the Program Files directory is not on the C:\ drive on your PC,
substitute the appropriate drive designation in the above path.
Alternatively, you can use the Browse button to navigate to the
appropriate directory under the Program Files directory on your
PC.
8. Once you have specified IRQ and I/O address values matching those
you set on the LM2000 card, click OK. Depending on your system
configuration, some system files may need to be copied from your
source Windows 95/98 CD-ROM — the system will prompt you for
the necessary action.
9. Once the necessary files are installed, the system will inform you that
it needs to be restarted before you can use its new settings. It will ask
you if you want to restart the system now. Click Yes, and restart your
system.
At this point, the LM2000 adapter is installed and ready to be used by the
Sniffer Pro Analyzer. Turn to Connecting the LM2000 Adapter to the Network
on page 1–15 to learn how to connect the LM2000 adapter to various
network types.
To connect the LM2000 card to the network, use one of the Y-cables
supplied with the card. Each Y-cable provides one receptacle and two
plug-in connectors. The Y-cables provide two ways to connect the LM2000
card to the network:
• In-line with your data transmission line (using all three connectors on
the Y-cable)
• With a patch matrix panel (using only two connectors on the Y-cable)
Figure 1–12 illustrates the two ways of connecting the LM2000 card to the
network.
Data Data
line lines
DTE DCE DTE DCE
Y-cable
Patch
LM2000 LM2000
Card Card
Figure 1–12. Two Ways to Connect the Internetwork Analyzer to the Network
V.35
International: RS-232
V.35
V.10/V.11
The following sections tell you how to connect the LM2000 card to these
physical line interfaces:
• RS-232 circuits
• RS-422 and RS-423 circuits
• V.10 and V.11 circuits
• V.35 circuits
• RS-530 circuits
Table 1–7 shows the cable pinouts for the V.10/V.11 Y-cable.
Table 1–8 shows the cable pinouts for the V.35 Y-cable.
Table 1–9 shows the pinouts for the RS-530 adapter cable.
.
Shield SG 1 Shield SG 1
Transmitted Data TD BA 2 Transmitted Data TD 2
BA 14 9
Receive Data RD (A) BB 3 Receive Data RD (A) 4
(B) BB 16 (B) 11
Request to Send RTS CA 4 Request to Send RTS 3
Send Terminal DTR CA 19 Send Terminal DTR 10
Ready Ready
Clear to Send CTS CB 5 Clear to Send CTS 5
Data Set Ready DSR CC 6 Data Set Ready DSR 12
Transmit Clock TC (A) DB 15 Transmit Clock TC (A) 6
(B) DB 12 (B) 13
Receive clock RC (A) DD 17 Receive clock RC (A) 7
(B) DD 9 (B) 14
You display the WAN Medium Extension tab by selecting Options from
the Tools menu and clicking on the WAN Medium Extension tab in the
dialog box that appears. Figure 1–13 shows the WAN Medium Extension
tab of the Options dialog box.
NOTE: You get the following view of the WAN Medium Extension tab if
the LM2000 adapter is the currently selected adapter. You can change the
currently selected adapter using the Select Settings... command in the File
menu.
Figure 1–13. WAN Medium Extension Tab of the Options Dialog Box
As shown in Figure 1–13, the WAN Medium Extension tab lets you set the
following options:
• Encapsulation options
• Physical Interface options
You must set these options to match the line to be monitored. Failure to do
so can result in erratic behavior by the analyzer.
For versions of HDLC that Sniffer Pro cannot recognize, you can have the
analyzer skip a specified number of bytes of the router/bridge header and
start analysis from the next protocol layer. The Other Router/Bridge
option is useful if the next layer starts with an Ethernet, Token Ring, IP or
IPX header. For details on selecting the correct option, see Setting Protocol
Options on page 1–27.
Router/Bridge Support
Router/Bridge Support
See Connecting the LM2000 Adapter to the Network on page 1–15 for
information on connecting the LM2000 card to each of these physical
interfaces.
Routed — Select this type of traffic if frames on the monitored WAN link
contain network layer data at a fixed offset from the beginning of the
frame. Enter the offset in bytes in the Offset to Network Layer box. With
this selection, Sniffer Pro will correctly interpret frames containing an IP
or IPX header at the specified offset. Frames not satisfying this condition
will not be interpreted.
Automatic Discovery
When you connect Sniffer Pro to a WAN link with unknown traffic, Sniffer
Pro can automatically determine certain frame types or traffic types being
analyzed. Automatic Discovery can recognize PPP and Cisco HDLC
encapsulations and Routed, Bridged Ethernet, and Bridged Token Ring
types of traffic within the Other Router/Bridge encapsulation. For the
definition of the different traffic options, see Specifying Payload Type on
page 1–28.
NOTE: Automatic Discovery will not recognize SDLC, X.25, Frame Relay,
or SMDS/DXI encapsulations.
For Sniffer Pro to successfully complete the discovery process, one of the
following conditions must be met:
• All observed frames start with a PPP header. Encapsulation is
switched to PPP.
• All observed frames start with a Cisco HDLC header. Encapsulation is
switched to Cisco HDLC.
• A minimum number of frames contain an IP or IPX header and the
header, if present, always appears at the same offset. Traffic type is
switched to Routed.
• A minimum number of frames contain an Ethernet header and the
header, if present, always appears at the same offset. Traffic type is
switched to Bridged Ethernet.
If none of the above conditions are met and either Sniffer Pro has
processed the maximum number of frames allowed in the discovery
process or the maximum duration of the discovery process has been
reached, the discovery process concludes unsuccessfully. Sniffer Pro
switches to normal operating mode with Other Router/Bridge
encapsulation and traffic type Unknown.
2
Overview
This chapter includes the following topics:
• Installing the HSSI adapter.
• Connecting the HSSI adapter to a HSSI network.
• Configuring the Sniffer Pro to capture using the HSSI adapter.
NOTE: The following procedures assume that you have already installed
the Sniffer Pro software on your PC.
g. The Network dialog box appears with the HSSI adapter installed
(in addition to any other adapters you may have installed).
At this point, the HSSI adapter is installed and ready to be used by the
Sniffer Pro Analyzer. Turn to Connecting the HSSI Adapter to the Network on
page 2–6 to learn how to connect the HSSI adapter to various network
types.
At this point, the HSSI adapter is installed and ready to be used by the
Sniffer Pro Analyzer. Turn to Connecting the HSSI Adapter to the Network on
page 2–6 to learn how to connect the HSSI adapter to various network
types.
Figure 2–4 illustrates how the Sniffer Pro connects to a HSSI network.
The HSSI card is a PCI-bus card with a 26-pin female connector. There is
no jumper switch on the HSSI Interface card. The PCI interrupt number
for the HSSI Interface card is assigned by the PCI configuration software
of your PC.
NOTE: For the connection between the HSSI interface card and the
HSSI tap, use only the cable provided with your HSSI hardware. This
cable is specially designed for use with the Sniffer Pro. Use of other
cables will cause improper operation of the analyzer and may result in
damage to your equipment.
3. Connect the other end of the cable to the matching connector on the
HSSI tap. No external configuration of the HSSI tap is required.
4. Power on the Sniffer Pro. You should see a green light on the HSSI tap
indicating that the tap has been powered on.
5. Use standard 50-pin SCSI-II cables to connect the HSSI tap to the DTE
and DCE.
6. You can connect the HSSI tap to the network at anytime, regardless of
the state of the Sniffer Pro.
When the modules are properly connected, you should see a green
light at the interlock position of the HSSI tap.
You display the WAN Medium Extension tab by selecting Options from
the Tools menu and clicking on the WAN Medium Extension tab in the
dialog box that appears. Figure 2–5 shows the WAN Medium Extension
tab of the Options dialog box.
NOTE: This is the view of the WAN Medium Extension tab if the HSSI
adapter is the currently selected adapter. You can change the currently
selected adapter using the Select Settings... command in the File menu.
Figure 2–5. WAN Medium Extension Tab of the Options Dialog Box
As shown in Figure 2–5, the WAN Medium Extension tab lets you set the
following options:
• Encapsulation options
• CRC options
• Protocol options. Depending on the encapsulation protocol selected,
different protocol-specific options (such as the method for generating
the sequence number of the frames) may be configured.
You must set these options to match the line to be monitored. Failure to do
so can result in erratic behavior by the analyzer.
For versions of HDLC that Sniffer Pro cannot recognize, you can have the
analyzer skip a specified number of bytes of the router/bridge header and
start analysis from the next protocol layer. The Other Router/Bridge
option is useful if the next layer starts with an Ethernet, Token Ring, IP or
IPX header. For details on selecting the correct option, see Setting Protocol
Options on page 2–12.
Router/Bridge Support
numbers. There are two methods for generating frame sequence numbers.
The method being used on a particular network is not readily apparent
just by inspection. One method uses three bits (Modulo 8), and is widely
used in the United States and in Europe. The other method uses seven bits
(Modulo 128), and is often used in Japan and in international satellite
links.
Routed — Select this type of traffic if frames on the monitored WAN link
contain network layer data at a fixed offset from the beginning of the
frame. Enter the offset in bytes in the Offset to Network Layer box. With
this selection, Sniffer Pro will correctly interpret frames containing an IP
or IPX header at the specified offset. Frames not satisfying this condition
will not be interpreted.
Automatic Discovery
When you connect Sniffer Pro to a WAN link with unknown traffic, Sniffer
Pro can automatically determine certain frame types or traffic types being
analyzed. Automatic Discovery can recognize PPP and Cisco HDLC
NOTE: Automatic Discovery will not recognize SDLC, X.25, Frame Relay,
or SMDS/DXI encapsulations.
For Sniffer Pro to successfully complete the discovery process, one of the
following conditions must be met:
• All observed frames start with a PPP header. Encapsulation is
switched to PPP.
• All observed frames start with a Cisco HDLC header. Encapsulation is
switched to Cisco HDLC.
• A minimum number of frames contain an IP or IPX header and the
header, if present, always appears at the same offset. Traffic type is
switched to Routed.
• A minimum number of frames contain an Ethernet header and the
header, if present, always appears at the same offset. Traffic type is
switched to Bridged Ethernet.
If none of the above conditions are met and either Sniffer Pro has
processed the maximum number of frames allowed in the discovery
process or the maximum duration of the discovery process has been
reached, the discovery process concludes unsuccessfully. Sniffer Pro
switches to normal operating mode with Other Router/Bridge
encapsulation and traffic type Unknown.
HSSI Specification
ANSI standard documents ANSI/TIA/EIA-612 and ANSI/TIA/EIA-613
define the electrical and mechanical characteristics of the HSSI interface.
Separate circuits are used for data exchange and for the exchange of
control information between the DTE and the DCE. A 50-pin connector is
used for all the HSSI interchange circuits. The connector is mechanically
identical to a standard SCSI II 50-pin connector, although the circuit
assignments inside a HSSI connector are different from the circuit
assignments inside a standard SCSI-II interface connector. Figure A–1
illustrates the functional position of a HSSI link.
Classification of Circuits
The HSSI circuits can be classified as follows:
• Signal Common Circuit
• Data Circuits
• Control Circuits
• Timing Circuits
Data Circuits
Circuit 103 (Transmitted Data Circuit) transfers data from DTE to DCE.
The DTE will not transfer data to the DCE on Circuit 103 unless Circuit 107
(DCE Ready) and Circuit 108/2 (DTE Ready) are both asserted. The DTE
will hold the transmission of data to DCE, if either Circuit 107 or Circuit
108/2 is not ready.
Circuit 104 (Received Data) is for the transmission of data from DCE to
DTE. The DCE will not transfer data to the DTE on this circuit unless
Circuit 107 (DCE Ready), and Circuit 108/2 (DTE Ready) are both
asserted.
Control Circuits
Circuit 107 (DCE Ready) carries the DCE Ready signal to the DTE. This
circuit is asserted at ON status when the DCE is ready to exchange data
with the DTE.
Circuit 108/2 (DTE Ready) carries the DTE Ready signal to the DCE. This
circuit is asserted at ON status when the DTE is ready to exchange data
with the DCE.
Circuits 142 (Test Mode), 143 (Loopback A), and 144 (Loopback B) are also
the Control Circuits. The signals from circuits Loopback A and Loopback
B are used to indicate the loopback test conditions to the DCE.
A loopback test will begin when the DCE indicates to the DTE that it is
ready for the loopback test by asserting Circuit 142 (Test Mode). If Circuit
142 is not asserted, then the DCE is in its normal mode and no loopback
test will be performed.
The status of the control circuits during a Local Digital Loopback test
condition is summarized in Table A–2.
Table A–2. Local Digital Loopback (Loop A) Circuit Status
Circuit Number Name Status
107 DCE Ready ON
142 Test Mode ON
143 Loopback A ON
144 Loopback B ON
The status of the Control Circuits during a Local Line Loopback test
condition is summarized in Table A–3.
In a Remote Line Loopback test, the remote DCE is signaled from the local
DCE to begin the Loop C test condition.
The status of the control circuits during a Remote Line Loopback test
condition is summarized in Table A–4.
Table A–4. Local Line Loopback (Loop C) Circuit Status
Local I Remote
Interface Interface
Circuit Number Name Status Status
107 DCE Ready ON OFF
142 Test Mode ON ON
143 Loopback A OFF OFF
144 Loopback B ON OFF
Timing Circuits
Circuit 113 (Transmitter Signal Element Timing) is the DTE source. It is
used by the DTE to return the timing signal sent from the DCE and back
to the DCE. The DTE returns this timing signal back to the DCE through
Circuit 113. In this way, timing information exchange in both directions is
established. The ON to OFF falling edge of the clock signal on Circuit 113
indicates the center of each data signal element on Circuit 103
(Transmitted Data to DCE).
Circuit 115 (Receiver Signal Element Timing) is the DCE Source. It is used
by the DCE to provide the DTE with received signal element timing
information. The ON to OFF falling edge of the clock signal on Circuit 115
nominally corresponds to the center of each signal element on Circuit 104
(Received Data from the DCE).
General Specifications
Table A–5 provides some general specifications for the HSSI interface.
Table A–5. General Specifications for the HSSI Interface
Specification HSSI characteristics
Data rate: Up to a maximum of 52 Mbps, full duplex
Connection: Between a DTE and a DCE
Connector: A 50-pin SCSI-II connector is used for each end of the
connection cable.
Timing: Synchronous, through circuits 113, 114, and 115
Control: Data transmission will not occur unless both the DCE
and the DTE show they are ready, through circuits 107
and 108/2 respectively.
Loopback test: Local Digital Loopback (Loop A), Local Line Loopback
(Loop B), and the Remote Line Loopback (Loop C)
Protocols: All WAN protocols and ATM DXI
Each plan has a range of features that provide you with cost-effective and
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each plan in detail.
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http://www.nai.com/services/education/
C E
educational services, description of B-9
Circuit 102, a Signal Common Circuit A-3
electrical and mechanical characteristics A-1
Circuit 103, Transmit Data A-3
Circuit 104, Receive Data A-3
Circuit 107, DCE Ready A-3
F
Frame relay protocol 1-24, 2-10
Circuit 108/2, DTE Ready A-3
frame type
Circuit 113, Transmitter Signal Element
Timing A-5 specifying for HSSI interface 2-10
U
Ungermann-Bass
and the Sniffer Pro 1-25, 2-11
V
V.10
Sniffer Pro physical interface 1-26
V.10/V.11
cable pinouts 1-20
connecting the Sniffer Pro 1-20
V.11
Sniffer Pro physical interface 1-26
V.35
cable pinouts 1-21
connecting the Sniffer Pro 1-21
Sniffer Pro physical interface 1-26
Vitalink
and the Sniffer Pro 1-25, 2-11
W
WAN Medium Extension Tab
selecting payload type 1-28, 2-13
setting CRC 1-27, 2-12
setting protocol options 1-27, 2-12
WAN protocol A-6
WAN/synchronous
encoding methods 1-26
frame sequence numbers 1-27, 2-13
Invert option 1-27
Wellfleet
and the Sniffer Pro 1-25, 2-11
Y
Y-cables 1-15