RESULT

Experiment 1:
A) Water flow pattern without baffle inside the tank.
Types of impeller Flow pattern

● The water moves in

circular motion
(clockwise) with high
velocity and created a
deep whirlpool at the
Flat paddle centre of the tank where
the impeller is being
inserted in.

● The water moves in

circular motion
(clockwise) with high
velocity and creates a
Turbine impeller whirlpool at the centre of
the tank where the
impeller is being inserted
in.

Table 1 shows the water flow pattern without baffle inside the tank.
Notes: All of the experiments were conducted using the same speed (100 rpm).
B) Water flow pattern with baffle inside the tank.
Types of impeller Flow pattern

● The water circulates in an

uneven clockwise
● Moving in scatter with
high velocity

Flat paddle

● The water circulates in an

uneven circular motion
with high velocity.

Turbine impeller

Table 2 shows the water flow pattern with baffle inside the tank.
Notes: All of the experiments were conducted using the same speed (100 rpm).
Experiment 2:
A) Oil flow pattern without baffle inside the tank.

Types of Angular Angular Force (N) Torque Power

impeller speed (rpm) speed, ω (N.m) (watts)
(rad/s)
100 10.47 0.00 0.00 0.00

Turbine 200 20.94 3.64 0.4 8.38

Impeller 300 31.42 18.18 2.0 62.84
400 41.89 31.82 3.5 146.62
100 10.47 24.55 2.7 28.27

Flat Paddle 200 20.94 60.91 6.7 140.30

Impeller 300 31.42 88.18 9.7 304.77
400 41.89 145.45 16.0 670.24

Table 3 shows the results of different impeller without baffle when using oil.

Power (W)

Graph 1: Power against Speed without baffle by using oil.

 B) Oil flow pattern with baffle inside the tank.
Types of Angular Angular Force (N) Torque Power
impeller speed (rpm) speed, ω (N.m) (watts)
(rad/s)
100 10.47 0.00 0.00 0.00

Turbine 200 20.94 17.27 1.9 39.79

Impeller 300 31.42 40.91 4.5 141.39
400 41.89 81.82 9.0 377.01
100 10.47 72.73 8.0 83.76

Flat Paddle 200 20.94 122.73 13.5 282.69

Impeller 300 31.42 177.27 19.5 612.69
400 41.89 240.91 26.5 1110.09

Table 4 shows the results of different impeller with baffle when using oil.

Power (W)

Graph 2: Power against Speed with baffle by using oil.

CALCULATIONS
A) For flat paddle without baffle when using oil at 100 rpm ;
Torque : 2.7 N.m
Torque arm radius : 0.11 m

Angular speed (ω) = rpm x (2π / 60)

= 100 rpm x (2)(3.142) / 60
= 10.47 rad/s

Torque (T) = Force x radius

Force (F) = Torque / radius
= 2.7 N.m / 0.11 m
= 24.55 N

Power (W) = Torque (T) x Angular Speed ω (rad/s)

= 2.7N.m x 10.47 rad/s
= 28.27 W

DISCUSSION
 This experiment consist of two parts which is experiment 1 and experiment 2 which has
different objectives. The objective of experiment 1 is to observe the flow patterns that be
achieved by the use of different impellers which are flat paddle impeller and turbine impeller
with and without the use of baffles. But, the objective of experiment 2 is to show how the power
consumed by a mixer varies with speed and the inclusion of baffle. Liquid mixing apparatus is
used to achieve these objectives.

In experiment 1, the flow patterns of water with different types of impeller are observed.
Four set of flow patterns are drawn with the use of two different impellers with and without the
baffle. These impellers used a rotor to increase the pressure and flow of a fluid and also act as the
agitator for mixing the substances. Agitation and swirling are the method for combining the
compounds. Based on the observation, we can know that flow pattern of the water is depend on
the type of impeller used. This experiment has been conducted using the same speed which is
100 rpm.

Therefore, we can see that the flow patterns produced are circular pattern and rotary motion
when using two types of impellers without the inclusion of baffles. Another observation that can
be seen is the production of the deep vortex in the without inclusion baffled tank. By using flat
paddle impeller, it created a deeper whirlpool than turbine impeller at the centre of the tank. With
the inclusion of baffle, the use of flat paddle and turbine blade as the impeller produced the same
flow pattern which is uneven. The flow is observed to have actually split into two streams which
are then continuing flowing along the tank wall and back to the impeller.

In experiment 2, two set of results are obtained in which the differences are the inclusion
of baffles. The torque is recorded at every increment of speed and the powers consumed and the
forces are calculated. The graph of power (W) against speed (rad/s) is also plotted to give a
clearer understanding of all of the relationships involved. From the results and the graph
obtained, it can be seen that the power consumed increases as the speed increases. It also can be
seen that the power consumed in a baffled tank is higher than without using baffled tank. This is
because with the use of baffles in an agitation process, vortex does not occur thus proper mixing
is achieved.
 The results obtained from this experiment are not exactly accurate. This is because
happened the errors occurred during conducting the experiment. Firstly, we should have repeated
the experiment for at least 3 times to get more accurate results. Besides that, the tank is not
cleaned thoroughly after conducting experiment. An unclean tank can affect the reading of the
torque because of the mixing of oil and water. Then, when the observation is being read non-
perpendicularly to the scale, it can cause parallax error during the measuring and filling the tank
with water and oil.