Full Pre Production Case Study

Jesse Johnson Unit 4 Pre-Production.
https://crowdfundingbum.com/crowdfunding-pros-cons/ https://www.gov.uk/guidance/equality-act-2010-guidance https://www.copyrightservice.co.uk/copyright/uk_law_summary

https://www.google.com/search?source=hp&ei=27UdXoXmA5K0UundjeAO&q=veronica+mars+movie&oq=veronica+mars+&gs_l=psy-
https://www.theguardian.com/film/2014/feb/20/wolf-of-wall-street-martin-scorsese-defamation-lawsuit ab.3.3.0l10.340.3630..6844...0.0..0.424.2246.2j11j4-1......0....1..gws-
wiz.......0i131.7oNOgCGg0is&safe=active&ssui=on https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/559914737/the-veronica-mars-movie-project/description http://filmlondon.org.uk/shifty
http://millets.res.in/books/chapter/Intellectual_Property_Act_in_India.pdf https://iapp.org/news/a/reality-tv-show-canceled-following-privacy-act-violation/
https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/ten-famous-intellectual-property-disputes-18521880/
http://www.tasteofcinema.com/2018/20-famous-movies-accused-of-copyright-infringement/ https://www.asa.org.uk/about-asa-and-cap.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inequality_in_Hollywood https://bbfc.co.uk/industry-services/law-enforcement https://www.ofcom.org.uk/about-ofcom
https://www.thesun.co.uk/news/2306612/ofcom-complaints-love-island-what-is/ http://www.pact.co.uk/services/policy.html https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ldOU2yCTbdE
hhttps://ecvwalsgrove.blogspot.com/ ttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1917_(2019_film) https://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/uk-news/bbc-apology-after-using-wrong-17635530
https://www.collinsdictionary.com/us/dictionary/english/recce https://www.healthyworkinglives.scot/workplace-guidance/risk-assessment/how-to
https://www.studiobinder.com/blog/complete-guide-actor-release-form-template/
What is a pre-production?
Pre-production is the process which takes place before the shooting of a film, advert, or TV series.
It’s a very important and crucial part in the production of a film as it allows you to have a detailed
plan prior to shooting so you know things like where you are shooting, the actors involved, any
facilities you are providing as well as creating a schedule and budget. These two are important
because they allow you to know what you are doing and when and also how much money it will cost
you overall so you can plan your costs ahead of time.
The lock shooting script is the script which you and the script writer have decided to use for the film
without one you won’t even be able to start pre- production.
Finalizing the budget is important as it will give you a clear understanding of what you will be able to
achieve that’s in your script so you will be able to cut and rearrange anything from the script
according to the budget without having an understanding of the budget you may end up spending
money you don’t have.
Starting a business requires a production office so that you have a place to work from as well as
organising all the paperwork and contracts for example. Hiring key production heads is important as
it not only takes more pressure off of your head but it also means you have professionals helping
you along the way in areas you may not understand things as much if you don’t you would have a lot
of pressure and responsibility on your head alone.
Breaking down the script is very important as you are able to use the script to plan ahead and
choose specific locations, actors. The storyboard contains all the important scenes so you can focus
on those mainly and perfect those and also so you can scout and secure locations which is important
as it allows you to create a schedule based around the locations and how far away they are from
everyone and without it you may spend too much money and time trying to find a location.
Casting the right people is important and can require a casting specialist so they decide upon the
right people for the job who are reliable because if you hire the wrong actors or no actors you may
have to rely on favours from friends which could be unreliable. Getting an art department is
important because it allows you to add things into the film post production and without one you
may be unable to do certain things that may be in the script.
Understanding the permits and insurances that come with filming a film is very important so you
don’t break any copyright laws or trespassing laws and if you don’t you may end up breaking a law
and that can put off the whole film. Creating a schedule allows you to be prepared and understand
what you are doing and when so you don’t end up being late or wasting time which could cost you
money. Getting the whole film crew together is important so everyone understands what they are
doing and how they are going to do it so there is no hiccups. Getting a tech scout allows you to be
able to use some technology and techniques which you may not have known or been able to do
before without one you may be fairly limited when it comes to the technology side of things.
1|Page
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Film_finance#Private_sources https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Private_equity_fund
Finance
The finance and budget are considered first after the idea of the film so you can gauge an
understanding of what you will be able to do throughout the film and if it’s even possible.
Finance is obtained through two ways public funding or private funding depending on how
you want to go about it. The main differences between private and public funding is that
public comes from government grants or tax incentives however private comes from things
like individual investors or something called a super gap/gap financing which is like a loan
which lasts the length of production of the film. An advantage of public funding is that it
offers a wider range of options when it comes to obtaining money. A disadvantage with
public is that you have to take what you are given since they usually give you a set amount
and that’s it. A main advantage for private is that you would save on costs and would also be
able to get the investors involved possibly. A disadvantage of private funding is you may
struggle to find investors who want to put money towards your film.
An example of a film production that used both private and public funding is London to
Brighton, due to the team and project having a lot of potential the funding was provided by
venture capital funding and instead of focusing on the advertisement for the film, which
would have helped increase the awareness of the film, the producers decided to focus more
on the production. They focused on creating a great film using Paul Williams’s idea which is
what led them to running out of budget to early as they had only made the score and a
rough-cut of the film, this mean they had to turn to UK Film Council who invested a large
amount of money by using private investors.
Private funding and Kick-Starter example
Some examples of private funding are- Equity which is a collective investment scheme which
allows those involved to decrease the debt they are typically limited partnerships and have
a fixed term of ten years a disadvantage would be that you gain a large amount of funding
however you may lose a little bit of manager control. A kick-starter is a website in which you
are able to post about your situation and ask for money for it and the public are able to
donate towards your cause it is very similar to crowdfunding and allows you to gain a lot of
attention for free however if your campaign succeeds in bringing in your target amount you
have to pay a fee. A benefit of using a Kickstarter to fund a project is that you don’t have a
set amount of money because there will always be people donating, if your project is good.
Another benefit is that you can use it to see if your idea is a good one since if no one
donates you will know that your idea is a flop but if your project succeeds then you know
your idea is a great one. A disadvantage of using Kickstarter is that you can have a lot of
2|Page
Pressure on your shoulders due to the high expectations that get set on you this is mainly
why most Kickstarter projects fail. Another downside depending on how you look at it is
that there’s a lot of work involved but little pay however that should be expected since you
are trying to fund your project not yourself.
An example of a film that used a Kickstarter project to get funds is Veronica Mars. The film is
based on a TV series which came out in 2004 and was originally going to be funded and
distributed by Warner Bros however due to them not thinking the film will bring in enough
people and money Warner Bros refused to fund the project. This meant that the producers
of Veronica Mars had to resort to crowd funding in particular Kickstarter. The film did so
well on Kickstarter that it became the fastest project to reach 1 million and 2 million raised
by donators. In total they raised around $5,000,000 in total even though their goal was only
$2,000,000.
Self-funding
Self-funding is when you, the director, invest your own money into your project a advantage
of this is that it’s a lot more flexible since it’s your own money and also you don’t have to
worry about paying it back since it’s your money however there is the obvious disadvantage
which is that you are taking a large risk when self-funding since there is always the chance
that you don’t earn the money back once the film comes out.
Small budget films
Some films only have a small budget and still succeed an example is Life in a Day. Life in a
day is a documentary style film that was filmed all over the world by a large variety of
people in a variety of places, cultures, religions etc. Its aim, by director Kevin Macdonald
was to serve as a time capsule to any future generations who want a glimpse of what life
was like on the 24th July 2010.
The films main problem was getting awareness since Kevin Macdonald wasn’t the largest
director in the world he struggled until he started using his YouTube channel called Life In A
Day to promote the idea for free which allowed him to travel to places like Korea, Latin
America he even states he did 26 US breakfast shows in one day over satellite just to
promote the film. Once Ridley Scott had agreed to produce the film the publicity and
marketing was easier since Ridley had previously made a short film motivating young
aspiring directors to go out and shoot.
They didn’t need to spend any of their budget on hiring actors or scouting locations since
that was done for them when people filmed their own days which allowed more of the
budget to spent on buying HD camera and sending them to third world countries so people
who watch the film can get a perspective of the world they live in and the variety of places
3|Page
and people there really is, they bought around 400 camera which came to around £40,000.
The £40,000 spent on cameras was the only real expenses other than the wages for those
hired so the cost of the film wasn’t all that high. Kevin Macdonald spoke about how his
biggest regret was that he didn’t buy just 50 cameras or so to send to the third world
countries since not as many people understood how to use the cameras and didn’t know
what to film with them, so with only 50 cameras some professionals could go to the
different countries a show the people how to use them and film for them as well but it was
too late.
People were given a week to film and send the footage in to the team. Before the week of
filming started Kevin and Liza Marshall put together a team of 25 editors, led by Joe Walker,
whose job was to watch and translate all the video that was sent in so they could choose the
clips easier. By the end of the week there was around 81,000 contributors from 192
different countries with the film reaching 4,500 hours in total. To choose the clips a one to
five-star system was made with a special 6 star for the ones which were so bad they are
good and they arranged the best clips into chronological order of the day.
Microwave Funding
Microwave funding is a form of funding which is given by the BFI network and it requires
you to have all the pre-production prepared already as well as the script since you are given
only 18 days in order to complete the shooting of the film however the independent studios
who are applying for Microwave funding are given £150,000. An example of a successful film
from Microwave funding is Shifty. Shifty is a drama/thriller film set in the outskirts of
London about a cocaine dealer called Shifty whose friend reappears and has struggle dealing
with a needy customer who is very dangerous. Shifty family is close to abandoning him and
must out-run and out-smart a rival drug dealer while his friend Chris must confront his past.
Shifty only had £100,000 when it was made because inflation has caused the price of making
films to increase meaning the BFI network had to increase the budget given by £50,000
Some Pros of Microwave funding is that you are given £150,000 straight away, which you
don’t have to pay back since it’s like a grant, to fund your film and you also get the
opportunity to show off your film at film awards around the world or low budget film
awards and sometimes even get nominated for BAFTA awards, like Shifty did in 2010, for
some free publicity. Some Cons of Microwave funding is that you are only given 18 days in
order to complete the shooting and editing of the film which means you need to be well
prepared before applying for the microwave funding which includes scouting locations,
hiring key figure heads, hiring actors as well as creating an easy to understand efficient
schedule so you don’t waste a minute of those 18 days.
Although Veronica Mars didn’t have the best funding for a film based on TV show there are
some films that are based on TV shows for example the Inbetweeners film.
4|Page
Films based on a TV show

The inbetweeners film came out in 2011 after 3 seasons of successful screening
of the TV show and also being E4’s most successful TV series to date. It’s about
a group of four 17-18-year olds who go abroad for the first time on a “lad’s
holiday” trying to have a fun time but causing trouble along the way.
The inbetweeners film did surprisingly well considering film adaptations of TV
shows tend to flop and not have much budget. Inbetweeners on the other
hand had a larger budget which was mainly down to the great pre-production
planning such as fully understanding who their target audience is and trying to
time the release date of the film along with a period in which they would gain
the most buzz. They ended up releasing it in the summer because the main
target audience was 15-25-year olds so the majority of people who would want
to see it would be on their summer holidays, the DVD release was during the
Christmas holiday to further accommodate their target audience. They also
considered the lack of sporting events and the bad weather over the summer
period before deciding on the release date. The film had the Entertainment
Film Distributors acquired in order to distribute the film, they are a well-known
distribution company and helped to get the film out there to cinemas and also
to get some free marketing from being associated with them. Although the
Entertainment Film Distributors took control of distributing to the cinemas
Channel 4 still had TV rights as well as rights over distributing the DVD once it
was released, because they had TV rights of the film they were able to air the
film only a year after the release. FILM4 had the rental rights over the film as
well meaning they had different ways to watch the film after the full release on
Channel 4, buy the DVD or rent it on FILM4 so there is a lot of options. The film
also aired in America a year later with MTV having the TV rights however the
film failed in America mainly down to the difference in humour between the
Brits and Americans.
5|Page
High Budget Films

1917 case study
1917 is a war film set during the First World War that was incredibly shot using only one
continuous shot throughout the entire film. The Director of the film, Sam Mendes, says this
was done to “try make the viewer believe the actors were living a normal life and not
acting” in order to immerse whoever watches the film. In order to achieve the one
continuous shot illusion, it required “elaborately choreographed moving camera shot” that
were very long with the longest take in the film being around 9 minutes long which was all
done in real time. The Director said they had the actors hired before they even started
scouting locations since they wanted the actors to be as comfortable as possible.
The sets weren’t built until after they had rehearsed so they knew exactly where certain
things would need to happen for example if one of the main characters, played by Dean-
Charles Chapman and George MacKay, were walking then for around 18 seconds while
speaking to someone they would be able to see how far he walks in those 18 seconds so
they know exactly how long the trenches need to be dug in preparation, they could use that
information to know exactly where the camera would need to be as well as the actors in
order to achieve what the director, Sam Mendes, wanted without even having the set built
just to make sure they got it right. This process was used for all of the scenes involving a
large trench which is why they reportedly took the majority time of rehearsing in random
fields in the middle of nowhere using flags in order to highlight important areas of where
certain things are or take place. Some problems they had with this idea though was that
when they were going to film in Salisbury Plain there was concern by conservationists who
felt that the production could disturb undiscovered remains, therefore they were required
to complete a survey beforehand in order to assure the conservationists that there was no
remains under the field before they could start filming, which they did. As for one of the
larger scenes involving a large burning building they used miniatures at first in order to
scope out exactly what they wanted.
The lighting of the scenes is very important to get right because they needed to be
consistent throughout the whole film since the film takes place over a single day therefore
each scene needed to be shot at the specific time when the light was perfect for whatever
scene they were planning on shooting that day. This proved to be difficult since they
couldn’t even have cloudy days because then the lighting would be different so they would
have to wait. The use of real and natural lighting is that it doesn’t take anything away or add
too much to the scene since it’s exactly as what would be expected in a day in the UK, which
is where this was filmed however it was set in Germany.
6|Page
Legal Considerations
These are some of the legal acts that you need to consider:
Defamation act- This act has two different meanings, slander and libel. An example of a film that got
sued for defamation is The Wolf of Wall street because a man who worked in the area depicted in
the film thought that he was portrayed as a “depraved criminal with an appetite for drugs and sex.”
Therefore, he sued the producers of the film for £15 million.
Slander- When you purposefully make false and damaging statements about a particular person.
Libel- A libel is a more professional way of slandering someone since it’s published on purpose in an
article, newspaper, or the news.
Data protection act- The Data protection act was designed in order to protect people from having
their personal data public while it is stored, processed and moved. An example of a TV show who
failed the data protection act is Border security: Canada’s front line after the Canada Border services
allowed them the producers to film without permission. A man named “Oscar Mata Duran filed a
complaint based on his appearance on the show, where he was questioned about his legal status.”
Shortly after the show was cancelled.
Intellectual property act- The Intellectual property act was an update on the already existing
copyright laws and means that owners are granted exclusive rights to any of their assets such as
musical, literary, and artistic works. An example of a film that breached the Intellectual property act
is Hangover part 2. This is because in the film a character called Stu Price is seen with a tribal tattoo
which is exactly the same as the one that Mike Tyson has, therefore the tattoo artist, called Victor
Whitmill, filed a law suit just weeks before the film’s release because he had copyright exclusivity
over the design.
Equality act- The equality act protects and enforces the idea of an equal workplace with no
discrimination whether that be of religion, colour, gender or more. An example of a film that
breached the Equality act is American Hustle after the two female actors in the film being Jennifer
Lawrence and Amy Adams were both payed less than the three men in the film despite Amy Adams
character being a main character and the two females getting more Oscar nominations than all three
men combined.
Copyright, Designs and Patents Act- It’s the current UK copyright law and it means that the creators
of any type of material such as literary, dramatic, musical and artistic works the right to control the
ways in which their material may be used and gives them exclusive rights to the piece of work. An
example of a film that breached the Copyright act is Zootopia the 2016 Disney cartoon film. A man
named Gary L. Goldman initiated proceedings between him and Disney after he claimed that they
used his idea that he pitched to them in early 2000 and 2009 saying that not only was the name
copied but the characters, themes and settings. However the judge dismissed Goldman’s claims
saying they were too far-fetched.
7|Page
Law Enforcers
BBFC- the BBFC stands for the British Board of Film Classification. Their role and purpose is to give all films that
release in the UK a age rating whether that be 12A, 18, or U. They have the legal power to seize any illegal film
that made its way into the UK including DVDs and Blu-rays and videogames. They impact the production of a
film by giving it an age rating and possibly lowering your target audience if you wanted it to be a 12 but it got a
15 you have missed out on 3 years of potential buyers.
OFCOM- OFCOM stands for The Office of Communications and their role is to regulate the TV, Radio and video
they also regulate broadband, home phone and mobile services in order to make sure everyone’s data is safe
as well. It has the powers to enforce competition law in those sectors, alongside the competition and markets
authority. It can affect the production of a film as it needs to make sure a film doesn’t contain any harmful or
offensive material.
MPA- the MPA is the Music Publishers Association and their role is to help develop, protect and value music
since they help creators focus on their creations while the MPA deal with the business side of things. They
don’t have any legal powers since they don’t really enforce anything to do with music they just help people
make it. This could affect the production of a film since if the film uses original scores the MPA could
potentially help with the business side of things while the score is produced.
IPSO- the IPSO is a regulator for the newspaper and magazines in the UK. They have control over and inspect
all the large and unknown newspapers and magazines in the UK in order to stop any sensitive material being
published to the public. They also make sure that all magazines and newspapers follow the editors code which
makes sure that publishers write things accurately, don’t harass people and finally just make sure they are
being considerate and aren’t taking pictures with or without consent when the celebrities or anyone for that
matter are in a somewhat private area. The IPSO has the ability to fine writers and publishers whose failings of
inspection are particularly serious or systemic. They can impact the production of a film as they could possibly
help you stop newspaper or magazine writers using any of your copyright material in newspapers and getting
away with it.
ASA- the ASA is the UK’s independent regulator of advertising across all media including social media. Their
main purpose is to make advertisements responsible and sensible. They have the legal ability to give the
advertiser in question bad publicity just by being involved with them which could stop other forms of media
working with them for example Twitter or BBC. They also have the ability to fine advertiser’s money or if it is
really bad they can withdraw the advertiser’s license stopping them from being able to legally advertise unless
they get another one after a short amount of time. This can affect the production of a film as it may stop
people from falsely advertising their films or TV shows since they may be breaking the copyright law.
PACT- PACT is a regulator that focuses on the political side of things when it comes to media, they mainly focus
on Television shows and they use their member’s reviews in order to find any problems with any laws and act
as a bridge between the government and producers allowing film and tv producers to put forth any of their
problems to the government and potentially have them change a law or regulation to a better state. A great
example of a member and what they reviewed is Ofcom’s review on the BBC’s commercial and trading
activities as well as their view on BBC iPlayer and an “over 75s license fee concession.” PACT don’t seem to
have that many legal powers since they only seem to create a link between the tv industry and the
government so they can voice their opinions. This can affect the production of a film since if you have any
problems with anything to do with politics, law or regulations then PACT can help you with it and try and find a
solution for you by contacting the government or finding an alternative route.
8|Page
Ethical issues
A very recent ethical issue that took place to do with misidentifying people is that BBC
sports aired a short 1-2 minute tribute clip on their channel following Kobe Bryant’s sudden
death, along with his daughter and 7 other passengers, however due to everyone trying to
be the quickest to report on it they ended up using clips of Lebron James playing basketball
instead of Kobe Bryant and the worst thing about it was that the commentator was still
talking listing off some of Kobe’s best achievements and what he was like. BBC News were
accused of being racist and had some very vulgar backlash on social media however there
was no legal action involved nor any regulatory body, some examples of some non-vulgar
comments from online users include things like “Absolute schoolboy error” or “IT EVEN SAYS
JAMES ON HIS SHIRT.". The editor of BBC news at six and ten called Paul Royall apologised
and tweeted saying "In tonight's coverage of the death of Kobe Bryant on #BBCNewsTen we
mistakenly used pictures of LeBron James in one section of the report. We apologise for this
human error which fell below our usual standards on the programme." What annoyed the
majority of online users is that the clips clearly show LeBron James’s shirt with his name and
number so even if the editor didn’t know LeBron’s shirt number he should have still seen
the name and to top it off they don’t even look similar. It is unknown if the editor or editor’s
team behind the video had any punishment for it or if he got away with it. So instead of
getting involved with any legal regulators BBC Sport just have to deal with a bad publicity
now instead with countless reports and articles being written about the mess up from large
respectable companies such as the Mirror, Metro, Standard and express.
9|Page
Script
Typical media industries that would use a script would include, the obvious ones, television
and film as well as the more unlikely things like advertisements for television or any form of
advert for that matter, radio also requires a scripts so they don’t go off track and start
talking about random things and also so they are able to also have something to talk about
otherwise they might forget of things to talk about, sponsorships require scripts on things
like YouTube, radio or television so that the information is given out clearly and is all
correct. The more traditional forms of media to use a script would be theatre and any other
forms of live media for example The Oscars or Grammys.
A script is very important for all of these media industries and for all different reasons for
example in media such as theatre, film , television shows and potential advertisement they
all try to tell a story and the script is the centre of that as it includes all the necessary pieces
such as dialogue for the actors, editing references for the editing team, scene description for
the production team to envision the scenes as well as locations times of day and weather for
the production team to find the best locations. On the other hand, a script for things like the
news, radio or any form of media that is telling information is important as it allows those
telling the information to know what they are saying is true and also helps them stay on
track and keep focus especially in the news where it’s supposed to be as unbiased as
possible.
A script is a great form of documentation for a pre-production of a Television show. One
reason for this is because a script contains a location description which can be used in order
to try and scout and locate a perfect location for the shooting of the show, the location
description can also be used in order to plan ahead the camera shots the production team
may use for certain scenes, for example if a shot requires a Jib you won’t be able to do that
in all locations. The characters as well as a small description of them can be found in a script
which can be used in order to try find the perfect actors for each role you can also use the
dialogue and parentheticals in the script to try and find an actor who is capable of doing
those things. The sound elements in the script can be used to try and hire the best sound FX
team as well as the editing team for the show as well as any editor notes on the script. The
scene description allows the production team to find the perfect props once they have
found the location so they can have it as similar to the script as possible.
The purpose of the Christmas Carol script is to identify what the ghost of Christmas Yet to
Come both looks like and acts like mainly through the lack of dialogue and the use of stage
directions in order to express itself throughout the scene. This script also provides us with
the way Scrooge reacts to the Ghost of Christmas Yet to come and highlights how Scrooge
reacts to confrontation.
10 | P a g e
Script version of Christmas Carol scene.

Scene description- Scrooge is approached by a phantom who is known as the Ghost of
Christmas Yet to Come inside his bedroom which is lit with a single table side lamp. The
Ghost is shrouded in a deep black garment which covers it all up other than a single hand.
INT- Bedroom
(The ghost stands tall and slowly approaches Scrooge in a static walk that almost seems
robotic)
(Scrooge bends down on one knee and submits to the ghost’s dominance as the lamp light
shines off of his head.)
Scrooge: I am in the presence of the Ghost of Christmas Yet to Come?
(The lamp light highlights the Ghosts deep black eyes beneath the garment as it points
onward past scrooge as if he doesn’t even acknowledge him)
Scrooge: You are about to show me shadows of the things that have not happened, but will
happen in the time before us.
(The Ghost stays static)
Scrooge: Is that so, Spirit?
(A low rumble sound effect plays and a large flash of lightning goes off outside highlighting
the Ghosts tall and dark figure, The Ghost inclines its head)
(Scrooges legs tremble as he follows the ghost around the room while looking up in fright)
(The ghost pauses in place for a moment and allows Scrooge to recover while at the same
time looking straight towards Scrooge filling him with fear.)
Difference between a radio and a film/TV script:
 A radio script has a particular emphasis on the music and sound and how and when it is used in order
to stimulate a particular emotion in the listener such as if a radio presenter is reading some bad news
he/she will read in a slower more dramatic tone in order to emphasise the sadness, and to let the
listener understand what they are trying to say.
 A cue sheet is a lot more important in a radio script as well since the use of certain sounds need to be
perfect every time. A radio script is also a lot cheaper to produce and actually make since there’s no
need to hire a camera-man for example or even a camera and there’s no need for a set either since all
the sound effects can be added after in post-production
 A Film/TV script contains things such as stage directions in order to direct the actor in particular
directions or to do particular things while in a scene such as walk towards the pole and lean onto it. A
Film/TV script also needs to include things such as facial expressions while speaking or while just
resting their face so the characters actually look angry for example.
11 | P a g e
Turning a narrative piece into a radio script
Scene description- A girl named Naomi and her mum get into an argument on the way home from a shop because Naomi
was really late and her mum is in a bad mood. The weather is unforgiving as the rain and wind fly onto the mum’s car
throughout the whole scene.
INT- mums car
(The sound of the windscreen wipers and music fill the car with joy and relaxation)
(Suddenly the upbeat music stops and all you can hear is the depressing patter of the rain on each car window as it
consumes you and the car, along with the whistle of the wind almost as if it’s trying to play a tune)
(Say angrily) Mum- I don’t know why you took so long, I waited half an hour!
(Naomi sighs in the background)
Naomi- They didn’t have my size on the shelf, and the woman took ages searching in the stock room.
Mum (Say angrily still) we wouldn’t have got stuck in traffic if you’d just made your mind up quicker. (Car horns sound in
the background as well as revs of engines) We won’t be eating tea until late at this rate. (Mum starts raising her voice)
Today of all days! (She sounds exhausted yet beyond angry at the same time.)
Mum- (Change tone to questioning/ almost interrogation mode) what’s wrong with the mobile phone I spent a fortune on?
You could have called me. (Change back to angry) I wouldn’t have rushed away to work to get there if you called.
Naomi- (speak in a subtly annoyed tone) I forgot to charge it, the battery’s dead.
Mum (Speak angrily almost shouting) More like you wasted it playing stupid games!
Naomi (quietly speak almost scared) Sorry.
(The sound of the car engine increases as they drive away and escape the traffic.)
(The storm had got worse as the rain and wind threw the leaves against the car as the windscreen wipers turned back on)
(The car engine starts to calm down as the car pulls up as you hear the tires crumble across the stone driveway. The sound
of the handbrake is heard)
Mum (Say sarcastically) Oh that’s just brilliant! (Now speak less angry but more annoyed and exhausted) No lights on. It
must be a power cut. How am I going to cook with no electricity?
(The car door is slammed shut and footsteps are heard on the hard stones of the driveway. The church clock next door
sounds 6 times echoing throughout the neighbourhood.
(Keys are heard clinking and clanking as the mum tries to find the door key meanwhile getting almost blown away by the
wind and rain which bangs off the walls of the house)
(The door creaks open and then instantly slammed shut again as the wind and rain fade away and both Naomi and the
Mum gasping for air knowing they escaped the storm.)
A script is a suitable preproduction document for a radio play as it can be used to find the right sounds for the specific
scenes as well as actors based on their age and role in the radio play. You can also find the locations however they aren’t as
important for a radio play since it isn’t visual. Also a radio play script is generally easier to follow.
12 | P a g e
Storyboards
The story board I have been given compared to the example on the power point can be improved by
adding things like the type of shot the particular cell will be filmed in so that when it comes to
making the film you already have a vision as to what the shot will look like and what you want the
shot to look like. The example also includes a edit section for the editing team so they know what
they will have to do with the final production for example a transition between a scene like a fade
this allows you to have less to worry about as the director as you aware of what needs to be done in
terms of stitching the production all together. Another thing on the example is a section which
includes all the additional bits such as the obvious one dialogue, which is already on the handout
one, as well as any additional sound which may be added in post-production or done on set like for
example the sound of the waves on a beach and people on the beach. This section also includes any
additional camera movement in the shot that’s different from the original shot type for example a
panning shot. Another additional feature of the example is that it says exactly how long each shot is
planning to be this way you get a grasp of one how long a scene will be and two the amount of time
you need to spend on that particular shot since if it’s a 2 second shot you aren’t going to need to
blow the budget on it since no one is really going to notice. Another minor improvement it could
have is the use of colour so you are really able to visualise the shot.
 A definitive list of what needs to be on a storyboard-

 A drawing or recreation of any kind of the particular shot in order to give a visual aid.
 The shot number as well as the scene number so it is all organised.
 Any editing needs such as special effects, transitions, sound effects etc.
 The original shot as well as any other camera movement throughout the shot with a
description as to where the camera movement takes place.
 A shot timing section so you know how long each shot will be on for.
 As well as the obvious one, any dialogue that takes place.
13 | P a g e
Design of a cell of a storyboard
The Type Dialogue Timing

Sho of of
t shot: shot:
Nu
mb Sound
er:
Camera Movement
Edits:
Why a storyboard is a suitable pre-production document

A storyboard allows you to create certain scenes that you have an idea on so
you can pick them up later down the line and complete them so you don’t lose
track of your ideas. It also allows you to use them all as a sort of checklist for
the final production as you check off each shot and scene which needs to be
completed and allows you to do all the scenes and shots in one particular area
at once and then do a different area since when you are filming it doesn’t have
to be in chronological order. It’s also a useful way of showing your co-workers
what you want from each shot for example the actors can use it to know
where to stand and the production team can use it in order to try create
exactly what the director and producer have in mind. A storyboard can also be
used as a base and can be expanded upon until you reach the final idea for
example testing which camera angles work best in each scene, what the
lighting should be like in order to create a certain effect.
14 | P a g e
Why a storyboard is a suitable document for the pre-production of a cartoon film or TV

show
A storyboard is a suitable document for a cartoon film because since it’s not real it allows
you to visualise the scenes with as much creative freedom as possible since anything is
possible in a cartoon so long as you are able to create things well in CGI. Also, it’s just a lot
easier making a cartoon film production wise since you don’t have to worry about scouting
locations in a cartoon or worrying about the time of day for the best lighting. Therefore, the
main thing you have to do for a cartoon is acquire the right voice actors and once you do
you are able to show the actors the storyboard so they know what they need to sound like
in particular scenes and they can use the visual aid in order to portray the emotion the
characters are. Having a visual aid is really important when making a cartoon film since
obviously they aren’t filming in real places or with real people therefore in order to create
the scenes using CGI the editing team need that visual aid from the storyboard in order to
understand exactly what the director wants.
Church storyboard cell example
The Type Dialogue- ‘You may now kiss the bride!’ (Say Timing
Sho of after church bells) of
t shot: Sound- birds chirping, bells ringing 2 seconds shot:
Nu Establ 12
into shot, cheers of people in church after
mb ishing secon
dialogue.
er: ds
shot
3 Camera Movement- pan down to entrance of
church to church doors to show a couple
getting married.
Edits: Fade from black to shot of church Lighting- Really bright, natural lighting from
sun.
15 | P a g e
Costume design
Using this script, which was taken
from the power point I will
describing and creating Jess, Tony
and Abby’s fancy dress costume
designs based on what has been
written. It says that Jess, Tony and
Abby all “waltz” in together which
most likely means that they are all
really close which could potentially
be used as an aspect of the
costume design also the word
waltz is usually used in a more
older setting since it’s a dance that originated quite a while ago so their outfit
could match that however waltzing is also another word for walking,
specifically when you walk fast and confidently almost to the point of
arrogance. This says a lot about their characters if this is the case so maybe
they are the popular kids in the school who are allowed to just waltz around
the place all the time which mean they could be dressed as devils or something
of the sort. As for the thing they are concealing that could be anything from a
bunch of flowers to a knife however considering the way they are waltzing
around I presume it isn’t anything good. I picture Tony as a tall skinny man
with dark black hair that’s been moulded into the shape of the devil’s horns,
his face to be a dark evil looking red that almost looks like blood with black eye
contacts in to match. I also expect him to be wearing fake sharp teeth as well
as pointy ears possibly and have some long deep scars on his face made with
make-up. I can picture him wearing bright red trousers and blazer with a black
shirt and tie underneath so he really stands out. I also think Tony will wear new
pitch-black smart shoes that shine in the light. I can also picture him wearing
either black gloves or red paint on his hands to give off the effect of his skin
16 | P a g e
colour being red. I don’t think he would carry anything like a trident or
something like that.
I can see Jess wearing one of those purge masks from the first purge film and
she should have her hair down coming over her face at times, it should be a bit
greasy and unwashed looking as well to make her look even crazier. She should
wear a white dress that has scratches and rips in it as well as blood stains and
splatters. I feel like she should hold a knife that has a device connected that’s
hidden that makes the knife drip blood every two seconds or so to give off the
effect of her recently killing someone. I think for shoes she would be wearing
old ragged looking white trainers so that it looks like she has been doing this
for a long time in order to make it seem more realistic.
I think that Abby would be wearing a nurse outfit that are worn in hospitals
except she is covered in blood stains and dirt among plenty of other things and
her clothes are ragged and worn as if she has been wearing them for years or
almost as if she has been dragged through a bush or something of the sort. I
can picture her with bandages wrapped around her face with space for her to
see so all you can see of her face is her eyes which would have a white contact
lens to give off the effect she is dead. I feel like she would be wearing white
nurse shoes that are really worn and old looking. I think she would be holding a
medical tool like a medical saw or something like that just to give off an even
scarier vibe.
These designs are relevant to the script since they seem to be taking the
Halloween party at their school a bit too seriously and are over dressed for the
occasion since they are all wearing things you would find on a horror movie set
since they are all professionally made outfits. Also, the script mentions that the
three of them are “concealing something” as they walk towards the stage so
maybe they want to be so realistic in their costumes that they are
unrecognisable if they decide to do something illegal with whatever they are
concealing. Also, the script doesn’t exclusively state that Jess, Tony and Abby
are from this school they may just be three random people out to kill innocent
teenagers at a school party, no one really knows either because they are
dressed up so well concealing their identities.
17 | P a g e
RECCES
RECCING is when you visit an area in order to become familiar with it before you start
shooting or before you even decide upon a location this is so that you know what the layout
is like in the area as well as any major key points in the area that should be taken into
consideration before shooting there such as any safety hazards, potential areas for the crew
to be situated as well as just overall feeling comfortable about the area you are in whether
that be a random alley in a city or in the middle of a large open forest. Another important
factor to consider when you recce a location is to take into consideration any interruptions
that may occur whether that be cars driving in the way and making a lot of noise or animals
interfering with the shoot. You also need to make sure that you have permission to film in
these locations otherwise you may end up getting into some unlawful situations where it
turns out its illegal to film in the area you have chosen, however this should be found out
straight away if scouting out a location because not only would It save the production team
time but it would also stop the owners of the land or area from having to deal with a film
crew looking around the place to see if its suitable. A perfect example of a situation you may
need to recce a location for is an interview for a role. This is because you need the perfect
room in order to do so, you would need to take into consideration things like space, will
there be enough space in the room to fit you the interviewer and the interviewee as well as
any clients or other parts of the film crew who may watch, is there enough power supply in
the room in order to use all the required equipment as well as if the power supplies are in a
good enough position in the room for the equipment, you also must take into consideration
whether the light in the room is likely to change throughout the shoot and if you need to
prepare for it by using things like curtains to cover up the windows or even black bin bags
etc. Another very important thing to do once you have established you are able to film in a
room is if the room is already booked or not because you never want to cause any
unwanted or needed inconvenience. It’s also a great idea to perform a risk assessment prior
to filming so you are fully aware of the risks and hazards you might face when filming as well
as any ways you are able to prevent certain things from happening like for example if you
are filming in public you may get random people coming up to you asking questions and
getting in the way to prevent this you could have a person there who observes the filming in
order to stop people from getting in the way and preventing the shot from taking place.
18 | P a g e
Recce template for work
19 | P a g e
Legal documents: Risk Assessment and Release Forms

A risk assessment is a report which is usually completed during the RECCES
stage of pre-production and is done in order to find out what risks that location
has, how much of a risk they are, and what can be done in order to minimise
that risk, this is called control measures. The control measures can either
minimise, eliminate or just reduce the risk of loss, damage or injury on the set.
An example of what this would look like is:
This then needs to be done for all possible risks and hazards as it is required by
law that any business with over five employees has to carry one of these out so
that both the employees are aware of the hazards in the workplace as well as
the boss knows how to stop them from happening. Also, when you are doing a
film or TV production you need to carry out a risk assessment at every single
different set since they all may have different hazards and control measures
needed to minimise them.
20 | P a g e
21 | P a g e
A call sheet is a document

which contains useful info
such as contact info for staff,
the schedule for the day,
which script pages are being
shot as well as the address
of the set.
A Call sheet also contains a brief

description of the scenes being
filmed so that the cast involved
know when and where they
have to be but also what they
are doing on that specific day.
There is also a table which

contains all the cast that need
to be present on that shoot
day as well as who they play,
if they need picking up, the
times they need to be at
specific points on set as well
as which scenes they feature
in.
22 | P a g e
A camera shot list

contains all of the
individual camera shots
throughout one scene
such as close-up shot, a
panning shot, and POV
shot etc.
It can also contain any

movements the camera
might make as well as
any additional notes the
director may feel is
necessary. This could be
actors involved, a shot
description, props
needed or just pretty
much anything the
director may find
helpful down the road.
23 | P a g e
A continuity log sheet

contains things such as
props in the background,
character positioning,
props the character
interacts with etc. This is
done so that the editor
and director can keep track
of specific things and keep
continuity between scenes. A continuity log sheet also
contains the scene and the
shot number for the scene
as well as the take, shot
type, duration, any shot
descriptions and notes
which the most important
part is in order to keep
continuity, as well as a
quality rating for the take.
24 | P a g e
A crew contact list is

probably the most
straight forward
document as it’s
literally in the name. It
contains all of the staff
involved in the
production of the film
from the director all
the way to sound
editor. For each
member of the crew it
has their position,
name, phone number,
and their email.
The main purpose of a

crew contact list is for
things such as
emergencies and
somebody needs to
be contacted all
someone has to do is
look on the crew
contact list and find
the person they are
looking for and give
them a ring.
25 | P a g e
The purpose of a cue

sheet is to contain all
of the music involved
in the film including
what scene it’s in,
when it is used and
for how long etc. It
also contains the
artists name as well
as the composer,
affiliations and song
name. It also has a
symbol to identify
which type of usage it
has for example an
opening theme or
background music.
26 | P a g e
The purpose of a
location scouting sheet
is that it shows location
considerations for
different scenes
however each sheet
usually contains one
location in order to be
able to go into more
detail and include things
such as parking for the
crew, power capabilities
if at all, the soundscape
of the area, as well as
many other notes such
as nearest hospital in
case of emergency, if
accommodation is going
to be needed etc.
27 | P a g e
The purpose of a
location release form is
to provide a paper
document that shows
proof that the
filmmakers have been
granted the access and
permission to film on
the property.
It contains info such as

what days the filming
will occur and what
hours the crew will be
there.
28 | P a g e
29 | P a g e
The purpose of a music

release form is very
similar to the location
release form as it is a
paper document to
prove the filmmakers
have been granted use
of the music listed and
the compensation the
artist will receive for the
use of his/her music as
well as everybody’s
signatures just to make
sure it’s official.
30 | P a g e
31 | P a g e
The purpose of a
music reference
sheet is similar to a
cue sheet as it
highlights music
that is being played
throughout the film
and what scene it is
in. It also contains
info such as the
artist, genre,
duration, the exact
time it starts and
finishes as well as a
type of use which
could be a theme
tune for example.
32 | P a g e
33 | P a g e
Once again a talent

release form is
very similar to a
music release form
and a location
release form
except this time
it’s regarding the
actors who take
part in the film.
The purpose is to
provide a paper
document that
grants the
filmmakers the
ability to film and
record the person
involved. It also
contains any
compensation that
the talent will
acquire by taking
part in this film.
34 | P a g e
35 | P a g e
A production schedule is made in order to try and make the production of the film, TV
show or whatever it may be go a lot smoother. It does this by breaking down all of the
following things: scenes, talent, time, cast, company moves, day breaks etc. This is all
done in order to create something which summarises all of the documents that are
present previous to this which makes it a lot easier for any member of staff on set or
talent to have a look and find out what they want to know without having to find the
crew contact list for example.
36 | P a g e

Full Pre Production Case Study

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Full Pre Production Case Study

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Jesse Johnson Unit 4 Pre-Production.

https://crowdfundingbum.com/crowdfunding-pros-cons/ https://www.gov.uk/guidance/equality-act-2010-guidance https://www.copyrightservice.co.uk/copyright/uk_law_summary

Films based on a TV show

High Budget Films

Script version of Christmas Carol scene.

Turning a narrative piece into a radio script

INT- mums car

(Naomi sighs in the background)

Naomi (quietly speak almost scared) Sorry.

 A definitive list of what needs to be on a storyboard-

Design of a cell of a storyboard

The Type Dialogue Timing

Why a storyboard is a suitable pre-production document

Why a storyboard is a suitable document for the pre-production of a cartoon film or TV

Church storyboard cell example

Recce template for work

Legal documents: Risk Assessment and Release Forms

A call sheet is a document

A Call sheet also contains a brief

There is also a table which

A camera shot list

It can also contain any

A continuity log sheet

A crew contact list is

The main purpose of a

The purpose of a cue

It contains info such as

The purpose of a music

Once again a talent

You might also like