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P440 - Comissioning Tests ME6882e
P440 - Comissioning Tests ME6882e
P440 - Comissioning Tests ME6882e
TM
with Omicron CMC
Test Method
03/99 ME 1.6882
ABCD
1
ME 1.6882 EPAC / PXLN
CONTENT
PAGE
3. HOW USE THE CMC TEST EQUIPMENT WITH EPAC/PXLN RELAYS ___________ 6
3.2. Phase shifting between voltage memory and fault current __________________ 6
3.3. What should the Omicron testing box do for tests in 2nd and 4th
quadrants:_______________________________________________________________ 6
TM
This document tries to sort out some misunderstandings about the usability of Omicron CMC
test equipment to test PXLN and EPAC 3000 relays and it has been written in co-operation with
OMICRON electronics.
As you can see, there are no transients created by CMC, but a step change from the steady state
prefault signals to the steady state fault signals. To force currents starting at 0 deg (possible for
single phase and phase-phase faults, for three-phase faults only in one phase), the fault
inception angle has to be set accordingly.
Shot with model constant source impedance, source impedance 9.105 Ohm 64.62°, fault at
6 Ohm, 0°
without dc offset with dc-offset
There is a phase jump between the prefault and fault voltage according to the network model
used.
If dc-offset is selected, the current starts at 0 independently from the fault inception angle, but no
aperiodic signal is simulated (network reality).
If the test is made with identical phase angles for source and fault impedance , no phase jump
in the voltage signals occur:
Fault at 6 Ohm, 64.62°
without dc-offset with dc-offset
5
ME 1.6882 EPAC / PXLN
nd th
3.3. What should the Omicron testing box do for tests in 2 and 4 quadrants:
The fault current(s) have, if possible, to start with a zero phase shifting.
This is possible with the right selection of the fault inception angle. The preferred solution is to
use the dc-offset component forcing the currents to start at 0 magnitude (not 0 phase angle).
This reflects the reality better, where the fault inception angle can be any.
CONVENTIONAL ALGORITHMS :
Simultaneously and in parallel to superimposed algorithms, conventional algorithms are used
for starting, direction detection, phase selection and distance measurement.
Starting and distance measurement are based on the result of fault resistance and fault distance
calculations carried out simultaneously on all six loops. Unfiltered quantities are used for U
(voltage at relay location), V (voltage drop on line per unit of length) and W (fault current image)
for the first few samples after fault detection, subsequently filtered quantities are used. The fault
direction is defined on the basis of the calculation of the phase shift between the stored voltage
and the derivative of a current. The current and the voltage used are those of the measuring
loop(s) defined by the phase selection. The directional characteristic for the
“ conventional algorithms ” is fixed by −30° and +150°.
REVERSE FORWARD
R
REVERSE FORWARD
Z4
Z1
Z5
Tripping at T1
The overcurrent back-up protection will trip if the conventional algorithms are not active (none of
the six measuring loops converges within the distance characteristic) or if a fuse failure has been
detected but is yet unconfirmed. Therefore the time selectivity can be respected.
For the simulation with CMC OMICRON, you must set:
Starting zone: yes
Direction back-up time:
Direction: Forward (direction of I>>)
Time t: tI>>
Time limit: Time t: tI> without direction (direction of I>)
(Z0 - Zd)
With k0 = 3 Zd
12
EPAC / PXLN ME 1.6882
IR (Z0 - Zd)
V1 = Zd [ I1 + 3 Zd ] + RFault J
V1 = Zd ( I1 +k0 IR ) + RFault J
For the tests, we have: IR = I1 = J
V1 = I1 [ Zd (1+k0) + RFault ]
V1
= Zd (1+k0) + RFault
I1
or
V1 R
= Zd + Fault
I 1 ( 1+k 0) ( 1+k 0)
with:
V1 : fault voltage
I1 : fault current
Phi1 : fault angle
RFault/(1+k0)
Zd
ZFault
Rph-gnd/phase
The CMC OMICRON test equipment cannot simulate the fault resistance and add it to the line
resistance. This means that you must set the following values in the CMC OMICRON test
equipment:
REPAC
R OMICRON = (1+f )
R
Examples :
R01: negative sequence resistance for the first zone
X01: negative sequence reactance for the first zone
13
ME 1.6882 EPAC / PXLN
V1
= Zd (1 + k0) + RFault
I1
with:
V1 : fault voltage
I1 : fault current
Phi1 : fault angle
Test of the resistance phase-to-ground fault for zone 1 :
I1 =1A
Phi1 = 0°
V1
I1 = Zd (1 + k0) + RFault
Xph-gnd
ZFault=RFault=R1ph-gnd
Rph-gnd
with Zd = 0
V1
= ZFault = RFault = R1 Ph-Grd
I1
V1 = I1 x R1 Ph-Grd = 1 x 15 = 15 Volts
Test of the reactance phase-to-ground fault for zone 1 :
I1 =1A
Phi1 = 90°
V1
I1 = ZFault = Zd (1 + k0) + RFault
Xph-gnd
RFault/(1+k0)
ZFault
Z1
Rph-gnd
Zd = Z1 = 29.68 Ω
X1 = Z1 .sin Phid = 29.68 x sin 76 = 28.80 Ω
V1
I1 = ZFault = Z1 . (1 + k0) + RFault
V1
= X1 . (1 + k0) + Z1 . cos Phid . (1 + k0) + RFault = X1 . (1 + k0)
I1
ZFault=Z1
Rph-gnd
Xph-gnd
RFault/(1+k0)
Z1
ZFault
Rph-gnd
R1h-gnd/(1+k0)
16
EPAC / PXLN ME 1.6882
Z1.sin Phid
With Phi1 = Arctan (Z .cos Phi + R
1 d Fault / (1+ k0))
V1
I1 = √ (Z1. cos Phid . (1 + k0) + R1 Ph-Grd )² + (Z1. sin Phid . (1 + k0))²)
V1
I1 = √ (29.68 x cos 76 x (1 + 0.835) + 15 )² + (29.68 x sin 76 x (1 + 0.835))²)
V1
I1 = 59.89 Ω
U12 = I1 . [ 2 . Zd + RFault ]
17
ME 1.6882 EPAC / PXLN
U 12
= 2 . Zd + RFault
I1
or
U 12 R
= Zd + Fault
2 . I1 2
with:
U12 : fault voltage phase-to-phase
I1 : fault current
Phi1 : fault angle
RFault/2
Zd
ZFault
Rph-ph
The CMC OMICRON test equipment cannot simulate the fault resistance and add it to the line
resistance. That means, you must set the following values in the CMC OMICRON test
equipment:
REPAC
R OMICRON = 2
X OMICRON = ZEPAC x sin Phi
Examples :
Rd: positive sequence resistance of the line
Xd: positive sequence reactance of the line
Phi: line angle
REPAC: fault resistance setting in EPAC relay
ZEPAC: zone setting in EPAC relay
With :
Rd = 8.975 Ω
Xd = 35.998 Ω
Phid = 76°
Z1 EPAC = 29.68 Ω (impedance for zone 1)
Z2 EPAC = 44.52 Ω (impedance for zone 2)
Z3 EPAC = 55.65 Ω (impedance for zone 3)
Z4 EPAC = 74.19 Ω (impedance for zone 4)
Z5 EPAC = 18.54 Ω (impedance for zone 5)
18
EPAC / PXLN ME 1.6882
U 12
= 2 . Zd + RFault
I1
with:
U12 : fault voltage phase-to-phase
I1 : fault current
Phi1 : fault angle
Test of the resistance phase-to-phase fault for zone 1 :
I1 = I2 =1A
Phi1 = 0°
U 12
I 1 = 2 . Zd + RFault
19
ME 1.6882 EPAC / PXLN
Xph-ph
ZFault=RFault=R1ph-ph
Rph-ph
with Zd = 0
U 12
I 1 = ZFault = RFault = R1 Ph-Ph
RFault/2
X1
ZFault
Z1
Rph-ph
Xph-ph
X1
ZFault=Z1
Rph-ph
RFault/2
X1
Z1
ZFault
Rph-ph
R1Ph-ph/2
Z1.sin Phid
With Phi1 = Arctan
(Z1.cos Phid + RFault / 2)
Zd = Z1 and RFau(lt = R1 Ph-Ph
29.68 x sin 76
Phi1 = Arctan (29.68 x cos 76 + 10 / 2)
Phi1 = Arctan (2.36)
Phi1 = 67.07°
U12
= ZFault = 2 . Z1 + R1 Ph-Grd
I1
U12
I1 = √ (2 . Z1. cos Phid + R1 Ph-Ph )² + (2 . Z1. sin Phid )²)
U 12
I 1 = √ (2 x 29.68 x cos 76 + 10 )² + (2 x 29.68 x sin 76)²)
21
ME 1.6882 EPAC / PXLN
U 12
I 1 = 62.53 Ω
U12 = 1 x 62.53 = 62.53 Volts
R Fault
V1 = I1 . [Zd+ ]
2
V1 R
= Zd + Fault
I1 2
with:
V1 : fault voltage
I1 : fault current
Phi1 : fault angle
22
EPAC / PXLN ME 1.6882
V1 R
= Zd + Fault
I1 2
with:
V1 : fault voltage
I1 : fault current
Phi1 : fault angle
Test of the resistance phase-to-phase fault for zone 1 :
I1 = I2 = I3 = 1 A
Phi1 = 0°
V1 R Fault
I1 = Zd + 2
Xph-ph
ZFault=RFault=R1ph-ph/2
Rph-ph
with Zd = 0
V1 R 1 Ph-Ph
I1 = ZFault = RFault = 2
R 1 Ph-Ph
V1 = V2 = V3 = I1 x 2 = 1 x 10/2 = 5 Volts
Xph-ph
RFault/2
X1
ZFault
Z1
Rph-ph
Xph-ph
X1
ZFault=Z1
Rph-ph
Xph-ph
RFault/2
X1
Z1
ZFault
Rph-ph
R1Ph-ph/2
Z1.sin Phid
With Phi1 = Arctan (Z .cos Phi + R
1 d Fault / 2)
V1 R 1 Ph-Ph
I1 = √ (Z1. cos Phid + 2 )² + (Z1. sin Phid )²)
V1
= √ (29.68 x cos 76 + 10/2 )² + (29.68 x sin 76)²)
I1
V1
I1 = 31.26 Ω