Historical Antecedents of Science and Technology

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1. categories of prehistoric and ancient 7. the great - mountain of god

historical ziggurat of ur - sacred place of their chief god, Nanna
antecedents (moon god), patron deity of the city.
- only priests were allowed to enter
2. ancient period where civilization started
- each city state has its ziggurat at its center
transportation
communication 8. irrigation and - allowed year-long farming and harvest
weapons and warfare dikes - solved problems on flooding and water
medicine scarcity
architecture
9. roads - made of bitumen (black, sticky substance
mass production
similar to asphalt)
aesthetic purposes
10. babylonian - Founded by Amorites
3. Sumerian - 3500 BC to 2000 BC but some says
civilization - overtook sumerians around 2000 BCE
Civilization 3000 BC
- 18th until 6th century BCE
- tigris and euphrates, nile, indus, huang
- babylon is the capital along euphrates
he
river
- mesopotamia (fertile crescent)
- reign of hammurabi (1792-1750 BCE)
between euphrates and tigris
- polytheists
- gk word "land between rivers"
- very inventive 11. hanging - one of the seven wonders of the ancient
- hard working gardens of world
- mostly farmers babylon - built by King Nebuchadnezzar II (605-562
- well organized community life BCE) as gift for his wife Queen Amytis.
- skilled in the use of metal - made up of layers upon layers of gardens
- considerable knowledge about that contained several species of plants,
technology trees and vines.
- craftsmen, scribes, scholars, priests, 12. code of - sets of laws about religion, agriculture,
priestess and merchants. hammurabi admin and business
4. inventions of 1. cuneiform - 1st law book
sumerians 2. uruk city - 282 laws
3. the great ziggurat of ur - 7'5" black basalt pillar that shows shamash
4. irrigation and hammurabi.
5. sailboats 13. egyptian - egypt was called the gift of nile
6. wheel civilization - they developed 750 mile stretch of the nile
7. plow organized into two: Upper Egypt and Lower
8. roads Egypt
5. cuneiform -latin cuneus meaning "wedge" 14. inventions of 1. pyramids
- writing system using word pictures and the egyptian 2.mummification
triangular symbols carved civilization 3. papyrus
clay using a stylus and left to dry 4. cosmetics and wigs
- record keeping. eg: Epic of Gilgamesh 5. water clock/clepsydra
- record business transactions,
15. pyramids - khufu, khafre, menkaure
mythology, poetry, mathematics, and
- tombs for Pharaohs and queens
literature
- the smooth angle sides symbolize sun ray
6. uruk city - first true city and were designed to help the Pharaohs'
- founded by King Enmerkar (4500 BCE) soul to ascend to heaven
- first to display architectural work that
is made out of clay
16. mummification - developed process to prevent breakdown 35. Hippocrates - father of medicine
of body - made observations regarding human
- only for kings and royal family at first body
- process available to any who can afford. - first to describe symptoms of
- internal organs are removed. heart is left pneumonia, epilepsy etc.
- body wrapped with linen strips
36. hippocratic oath ethical standards for physician
- features painted on mummy to help ka
recognize its body. 37. inventions of 1. alarm clock
greek civilization 2. water mill
17. papyrus - from cyperus ____plant
3. odometer
- for easier safe keeping of records
4. olympics
- made up of ink soot
5. geometry
18. Hieroglyphics An ancient Egyptian writing system in which 6. medicine
pictures were used to represent ideas and 7. greek language and alphabet
sounds
38. roman civilization - believed to be the strongest political
19. Jean Francois French scholar that unlocked the Egyptian and societal entity in the west
Champollion code of writing using the Rosetta Stone - fertile coastal plains
- good land for farming
20. logograms representing words
- able to trade by sea
21. phonograms representing sound - empire of innovation
22. determinatives placed at the end of the word to clarify the 39. inventions of 1. newspaper
meaning of the word roman civilization 2. codex
23. cosmetics and - for health and aesthetic purposes 3. roman numeral
wigs 4. roman architectures and engineering
5. roman calendar
24. kohl - worn around the eyes to prevent and cure
eye diseases 40. newspaper - Acta Diurna, the daily acts
- mixture of malachite and soot with galena - first newspaper (gazettes) contained
announcements of the roman empire
25. make up for protection against evil spirits and beauty
was a symbol of holiness 41. codex an ancient manuscript text in book form.

26. wig for sun protection and prevention of lice 42. roman numerals System of counting invented by Romans
infection 43. arches used to create enormous buildings like
27. clepsydra - utilizes gravity that allows the flow of the coliseum and the pantheon
water from vessel to the other 44. domes vast open spaces and ceilings inside
28. greek - birthplace of western philosophy buildings and magnificent exteriors
civilization - mountainous 45. aqueducts 250 mile long to move the cold, clear
- presence of long seacoast with bays, water from springs to towns
inlets, and harbors.
46. roman calendar significant on tracking seasonal changes
29. alarm clock - made with the use of water or sometimes and in astrology
sand or pebbles dropped into drums which julian calendar is 365 days
sounded the alarm
47. chinese surrounded by the yellow river (north)
- plato
civilization and yangtze river (south)
30. water mill - for agriculture like rice and cereals
48. inventions of 1. silk
31. odometer used to measure distances chinese 2. tea
32. olympics primarily a part of religious festivals in civilization 3. great wall
honor of zeus; held in olympia 4. gun powder

33. geometry deductive reasoning

34. medicine pioneered by hippocrates
49. silk - from ___worm 64. renaissance leonardo da vinci
- for the manufacture of paper and geniuses michel angelo
clothing raphael
- became an instrument for the donatello
development and expansion of trade in william shakespeare
china niccolo machiavelli
dante
50. tea beverage produced by pouring hot or
nicolaus copernicus
boiling water over crushed or shredded
galileo galilei
dried ___ leaves
rene descartes
51. the great wall of - 21, 196 km long desiderius erasmus
china - 300,000 peasants were forced to build sandro botticelli
it
65. renaisssance ferdinand magellan
52. qin shihuangdi - he improved great wall explorers christopher columbus
- emperor of lands amerigo vespucci
53. gun powder mixture of charcoal, sulfur, and potassium marco polo
ponce de leon
54. core values peace, love, tolerance, luck, eternity
vasco nunez de balboa
55. medieval/middle - height of science of technology
66. industrial - late 18th century (1760-1840)
ages - wars, invasions, migration, increase in
revolution - complex interplay of changes in
population
technology, society, medicine, economy,
56. printing press - wooden machines that extracted juices education and culture
from fruits, attached to them a metal
67. inventions of 1. steam engine
impression of the letters and pressed
industrial 2. pasteurization
firmly the cast metal into a piece of
revolution 3. oil refinery
paper, which then made exact impression
4. telephone
on paper.
5. mechanical calculator
57. Johann Invented the printing press 6. electricity
Gutenberg 7. telegraph
58. Charlemagne 800 AD crowned by the Pope as the head 8. steel
of the Holy Roman Empire, which 68. steam engine - invented in 1968 but credited to james watt
extended from northern Spain to western in 1763
Germany and northern Italy. His palace - enabled rapid development of efficient
was at Aachen in central Europe semi-automated factories
king of medieval
69. pasteurization - process of heating a liquid or a food to kill
59. compound invented by zacharias jannssem pathogenic bacteria to make food safe to
microscope eat.
60. refracting hans lippershey - reduced transmission of disease
telescope galileo galilei - developed by louis pasteur

61. war weapons made for offensive and defensive 70. oil refinery - first in romania
techniques - john rockefeller

62. inventions of 1. printing press 71. samuel l. kier first to invent kerosene by refining petroleum
middle ages 2. compound microscope to illuminate homes
3. refracting telescope 72. telephone - alexander graham bell
4. war weapons - allowed daily discussions be addressed at
63. renaissance - period of european cultural, artistic, the fastest time possible especially
period political and economic "rebirth" government concerns
- 14th to 17th century 73. mechanical - invented by blaise pascal
- rediscovery of classical philosophy, calculator
literature and art
- started in florence, italy
74. electricity - coined by william gilbert
- benjamin franklin made "experiments made at philadelphia ni america
75. telegraph - invented by samuel morse
- "what god hath wrought?"
76. steel - bldg became taller
- started the creation of cars
77. philippine inventions 1. kampilan
2. baybayin
3.erythromycin
4. salamander amphibious tricycle
5. salt lamp
6. medical incubator
7. mosquito ovicidal/larvicidal trap system
8. e-jeepney
78. kampilam - filipino sword
- national weapon of the moros of sulu and mindanao
- used by datus and sultans
79. baybayin - indigenous scripts of pre-colonial philippines
- influenced many historical events and agencies like the flag of the katipunan emblem of the AFP, seal
of the philippine army and logo of the ccp.
80. erythromycin - antibiotic useful for the treatment of bacterial infections
- dr. abelardo aguilar
81. salamander amphibious invented by dominic chung and lamberto armada
tricycle
82. salt lamp - sustainable alternative lighting lamp
- invented by Aisa Mijeno
- runs on salt (2 tablespoon) and water (1 glass)
83. medical incubator - invented by Dr. Fe Del Mundo
- made by putting a native laundry basket inside a bigger one.
- hot water battles were inserted between the baskets to ptovide warmth.
84. mosquito ovicidal/larvicidal -attracts Aedes egypti to lay their eggs on the paddle
trap system
85. e-jeepney - utilizes electricity instead of diesel