PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG MAYNILA

University of the City of Manila

Engineering Mathematical Society
In Partnership with
College of Engineering and Technology – Student Council

DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS FINALS TUTORIAL HANDOUTS

A.Y. 2019-2020
dy 1
DIFFERENTIATION FORMULAS (28) =
dx dy
dx
(1) y=c dy = 0  du
(2) y=u dy = 1  du Parametric Equations:
(3) y = cf ( u ) dy = c  df dy
dy dt
(4) y = cu n dy = cnun−1du (29) =
dx dx
(5) y =uv dy = du  dv dt
(6) y = uv dy = udv + vdu d  dy 
 
u vdu − udv d 2 y dt  dx 
(7) y= dy = (30) =
v v2 dx2 dx
(8) y = ax dy = a x ln a  du dt
u
(9) y=e dy = eu  du SAMPLE PROBLEMS
log a e
(10) y = loga u dy = du
u Sample Problem No.1: A manufacturer sells each of his TV
du sets for $85. The cost C (in dollars) of manufacturing and
(11) y = ln u dy =
u selling x TV sets per week is
(12) y = sin u dy = cosu  du C = 1500 + 10x + 0.005𝑥 2
(13) y = cos u dy = − sin u  du If at most l0 000 sets can be produced per week, how many
(14) y = tan u dy = sec2 u  du sets should be made and sold to maximize the weekly profit?
(15) y = cscu dy = − cscu  cot u  du Solution:
(16) y = secu dy = secu  tan u  du For x sets per week, the total income is 85x. The profit is the
(17) y = cot u 2
dy = − csc u  du income minus the cost,
(18) y = sinh u dy = coshu  du P = 85x − (1500 + 10x + 0.005𝑥 2 )
= 75x − 1500 − 0.005𝑥 2
(19) y = coshu dy = sinh u  du
We wish to maximize P on the interval [0, 10000], since the
(20) y = tanhu dy = sech2u  du output is at most 10000.
𝑑𝑃
(21) y = sin −1 u
du
dy = = 75 − 0.01x
𝑑𝑥
1 − u2
75 − 0.01x = 0
−du
(22) y = cos−1 u dy = 0.01x = 75
1 − u2 75
x= = 7500
(23) y = tan−1 u
du 0.01
dy =
1 + u2 Substitute the acquired value of x into the equation:
−du P(7500) = 75(7500) − 1500 − 0.005(7500)2
(24) y = csc−1 u dy =
u u2 − 1 P(7500) = 279 750
Thus, 7500 sets should be made per week to have a
(25) y = sec−1 u
du
dy = maximum profit of $279 750.
u u2 − 1
−du
(26) y = cot−1 u dy = Sample Problem No. 2: An open box is to be made from a
u2 + 1 rectangular piece of cardboard that is 8 feet by 3 feet by cutting
Chain Rule: out four equal squares from the corners and then folding up
(27)
dy dy du
=  the flaps (see Figure). What length of the side of a square will
dx du dx yield the box with the largest volume?

Inverse Function:

DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS REVIEWER | 1

 4. A charter airline is planning a flight for which it is
considering a price of between $150 and $300 per person.
The airline estimates that the number of passengers
taking the flight will be 200 – 0.5x, depending on the price
of x dollars that will be set. What price will maximize the
income?
5. Suppose that a company can sell x radios per week if it
charges 100 - 0.1x dollars per radio. Its production cost is
30x + 5000 dollars when x radios are produced per week.
How many radios should be produced to maximize the
Solution: profit, and what will be the selling price per radio?
Let x be the side of the square that is removed from each 6. Consider the curve 3x 2 − 𝑥𝑦 + 4𝑦 2 = 141.
corner. The volume V = Iwh, where I, w, and h are the length, (a) Find a formula in x and y for the slope of the tangent
width, and height of the box. Now l = 8 - 2x, w = 3 - 2x, and h = line at any point (x, y) of the curve.
x, giving (b) Write the slope-intercept equation of the line tangent
V(x) = (8 − 2x)(3 − 2𝑥)𝑥 = 4𝑥 3 − 22𝑥 2 + 24𝑥 to the curve at the point (1,6).
To have a maximum V(x); (c) Find the coordinates of all other points on the curve
𝑑𝑃 where the slope of the tangent line is the same as the
= 12x 2 − 44𝑥 + 24 slope of the tangent line at (1,6).
𝑑𝑥
12x 2 − 44𝑥 + 24 = 0 7. Consider the hyperbola 5x 2 − 2𝑦 2 = 130.
(a) Find a formula for the slope of the tangent line to this
3x 2 − 11𝑥 + 6 = 0
hyperbola at (x, y).
(3𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 − 3) = 0
(b) For what value(s) of k will the line x - 3y + k = 0 be
(3𝑥 − 2) = 0 normal to the hyperbola at a point of intersection?
2 8. Use implicit differentiation to find the slope-intercept
𝑥=
3 equation of the tangent line of the curve 4x 3 − 𝑥𝑦 −
(𝑥 − 3) = 0 2𝑦 2 = 1 at point (1, 1).
𝑥=3 9. An oil tank is being filled. The oil volume V, in gallons,
The only possible value of x is 2/3 since the width of the after t minutes is given by
cardboard is already 3. 𝑉 = 1.5𝑡 2 + 2𝑡
How fast is the volume increasing when there is 10
gallons of oil in the tank?
Sample Problem No. 3: Find a formula for the slope of the
10. As a gasoline tank is being emptied, the number G of
tangent line to the curve x 2 − 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 = 12 at any point (x, y).
gallons left after t seconds is given by
Solution:
𝐺 = 3(15 − 𝑡)2
This problem involves implicit differentiation.
(a) How fast is gasoline being emptied after 12 seconds?
𝑑(x 2 − 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 = 12) (b) What was the average rate at which the gasoline was
2x − (𝑥𝑦 ′ + 𝑦) + 2𝑦𝑦′ = 0 being drained from the tank over the first 12 seconds?
2x + 2𝑦𝑦′ = 𝑥𝑦 ′ + 𝑦 [Hint: The average rate is the total amount emptied
2x − 𝑦 = 𝑥𝑦 ′ − 2𝑦𝑦′ divided by the time during which it was emptied.]
2x − 𝑦 = 𝑦 ′ (𝑥 − 2𝑦)
2x − 𝑦 ADDITIONAL PROBLEMS:
𝑦′ =
𝑥 − 2𝑦 Use implicit differentiation to find the slope-intercept equation
of the tangent line of the curve at the point indicated.
PROBLEMS: 1.
𝑥 3 −𝑦
= 𝑥 at (1, -1)
1−𝑦 3
1. A farmer wishes to fence in a rectangular field. If north- 𝑥2 √3
south fencing costs $3 per yard, and east-west fencing 2. + 𝑦 2 = 1 at (2, )
16 2
costs $2 per yard, what are the dimensions of the field of 3. (𝑦 − 𝑥) + 𝑦 = 𝑥𝑦 + 7 at (1, 2)
2 3
maximum area that can be fenced in for $600?
2. A worker has to fence in a rectangular field alongside a
4. Two small airplanes start from a common point A at the
straight-running stream. If the worker has 120 yards of
fencing, and the side of the field alongside the stream same time. One flies east at the rate of 300 kilometers per
does not have to be fenced, what dimensions of the field hour and the other flies south at the rate of 400
will yield the largest area? kilometers per hour. After 2 hours, how fast is the
3. The distance by bus from New York to Boston is 225 distance between them changing?
miles. The bus driver gets paid $12.50 per hour, while the 5. A 6-foot man is running away from the base of a
other costs of running the bus at a steady speed of x miles
streetlight that is 15 feet high. If he moves at the rate of
per hour amount to 90 + 0.5 x cents per mile. The
minimum and maximum legal speeds on the bus route are 18 feet per second, how fast is the length of his shadow
40 and 55 miles per hour. At what steady speed should changing?
the bus be driven to minimize the total cost?

DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS REVIEWER | 2

ANSWERS:

1. 75 yd east-west by 50 yd north-south
2. 60 yd parallel to the stream, 30 yd
perpendicular to the stream
3. 50 mi/hr
4. $200
5. x=350, at $65 per radio
𝑑𝑦 𝑦−6𝑥
6. a. =
𝑑𝑥 8𝑦−𝑥
b. y=6
c. (-1, -6)
5𝑥
7. a.
2𝑦
b. 𝑘 = ±21
11 4
8. 𝑦 = 𝑥−
7 7
9. 8 gallons per minute
10. a. 18 gallons/sec
b. 54 gallons/sec

ADDITIONAL PROBLEMS
−1 1
1. 𝑦 = 𝑥−
2 2
√3 2√3
2. 𝑦 = − 𝑥+
12 3
4 22
3. 𝑦 = 𝑥+
13 13
4. 500 kilometers per hour
5. 12 ft per second

DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS REVIEWER | 3