Hepatitis

Causes and Prevention

Pakistan Islamic Medical Association,

Peshawar
Types of hepatitis
 Symptoms
• Yellow color of eyes and skin
• Dark urine
• Clay colored stool
• Fever, Fatigue
• Loss of appetite
• Nausea, Vomiting
• Abdominal pain, Joint pain
• Sometimes no symptoms
Hepatitis B & C
Why Hepatitis B & C are dangerous??

Chronic Hepatitis B &C Asymptomatic

infection carriers

Cirrhosis

Liver cancer
 Transmission
• 3 main routes of transmission

• Through blood
• From pregnant mother to child
• Sexual contact
Through blood
Sharing of injections
(Improper disposal by health care provider or in drug
addicts)
Pic courtesy: http://www.who.int/injection_safety/global-campaign/en/
Through blood
Transfusion of unscreened blood and blood products

Pic courtesy:www.dailymail.uk
Through blood
Reuse or inadequate sterilization of medical equipment

Piccourtesy:http://www.medicinenet.com/hepatitis_what_puts_you_at_risk_pictur
es_slideshow/article.htm
Through blood
Piercing with unsterilized needle

Pic courtesy:https://www.pinterest.com/pin/438819557424540882/
Through blood
Tattooing

Pic courtesy: www. Wikimedia Commons.com

Through blood
Sharing razors

Pic courtesy:https://www.barbersblueprint.com/barber-shop-news-archive/
Through blood
Sharing toothbrushes

Pic courtesy: http://mashable.com/2013/01/30/gadgets-kids-brushing-

teeth/#pJrvI8YMmuqA
 Through blood
Sharing nail clippers

Pic courtesy :http://www.medicinenet.com/hepatitis_what_puts_you_at_risk_pictures_slideshow/article.htm

 From pregnant
mother to baby

• Specially hepatitis
(commonly in last 3
months). Fortunately
hepatitis B vaccine is
available.
• NO chances of transmission
through breast milk.
Mothers can continue breast
feeding
• STOP if nipples are cracked
or bleeding.
• All pregnant women must
get their selves tested for
Hepatitis B & C.
• All newborn must be
immunized.

Pic courtesy: https://aidsinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv-aids/glossary/738/vertical-transmission

 Sexual contact

• Spouses are safe after Hepatitis B vaccination.

• Chances for Hepatitis C transmission are
minimal.
• Frequent in people involved in
 Prostitution
 Homosexuality
Hepatitis B & C are NOT transmitted through
• Sharing utensils
• Holding hand, hugging
• Coughing, sneezing
• Insect bites
• Breast feeding
 Prevention
• Avoid sharing personal items, such as razors or
toothbrushes
• DO NOT share drug needles or syringes.
• Clean blood spills with a solution containing 1
part household bleach to 9 parts water
• Be careful when getting body piercings
• Avoid visiting quakes and untrained ‘daees’.

Reference: https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000401
 Vaccination
• Vaccine for Hepatitis B is available, while there
is no vaccine for Hepatitis C.
• All babies should get vaccinated(at 6,10,14
weeks)
• Household members & spouses of hepatitis
positive individuals.
• Health care workers (doctors, technicians,
nurses, LHVs etc)
• Travelers to endemic areas
Reference: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs204/en/
 Who should get tested for hepatitis B
&C
• All pregnant women.
• Babies born to hepatitis positive mothers.
• Household members & spouses of hepatitis
positive individuals.
• Before any surgical procedure, tooth
extraction etc.
• Before donating blood

http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs164/en/
 Who should get tested for hepatitis B
&C
• Recipients of infected blood products or
invasive procedures in health-care facilities
with inadequate infection control practices

• People who have had tattoos or piercings.

• People who inject drugs.

http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs164/en/
If your tests are positive

• DON’T WORRY

“Make use of medical treatment, for Allah has not made a

disease without appointing a remedy for it, with the
exception of one disease, namely old age”.
(Abi Dawud 3855 )
• CONSULT DOCTOR AS SOON AS POSSIBLE
Hepatitis A & E
Transmission is by eating contaminated
fresh fruits, vegetables, and salads.
Wash well before eating, even if you plan
to peel it.
Reference & pic :
http://www.medicinenet.com/hepatitis_what_puts_you_at_risk_pictures_slideshow/article.htm
Also by drinking contaminated water.
Boil drinking water.
Don't get ice from bazaar

Pic cortesy:www.dawn.com
Always wash your hands after
Using the toilet,
Changing a diaper, and
Before handling /cooking food or eating
Reference & pic
http://www.medicinenet.com/hepatitis_what_puts_you_at_risk_pictures_slidesho
w/article.htm
Prevention is better than cure
‫جزاکم ہللا‬