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Binocular Vision - Easier Than You Think
Binocular Vision - Easier Than You Think
Binocular
Vision
–
easier
than
you
think
3.
BV
and
contact
lenses
4.
Why
BV
matters
Kate
Johnson
BAppSc(Optom)Hons,
GCOT,
FBCLA,
FIACLE,
FCCLSA,FAAO
Binocular vision – easier than you think 1. The two system approach
Stamina
Stability
Maintenance
without
fatigue
Probs
with
minus
Probs
with
plus
Infacility
/
NPC
( jump) 10cm,
held
spasm
Accommodation
Insufficiency
Excess
Acc
+/-‐
Clears
-‐3.50
and
+2.00
Cycles
on
+/-‐
2.00
AC/A 3:1
Where
does
it
occur?
Distance
/
Near
/
Both
Two
system
adaptations
(at
near)
Two
system
diagnosis
–
RL
age
37.
Accom
Ê Intermittently
blurred
distance
vision.
Insufficiency
Excess
Graphic
design
and
bookkeeping
work.
Vergence
Ê Unaided
vision
R&L
6/5-‐
slow,
Retinoscopy
R
+1.25
L
+1.00
Convergence
insufficiency
Convergence
insufficiency
+
+
Insufficiency
Accommodative
insufficiency
Accommodative
excess
ACCOM VERGENCE
Symptoms
at
near
Near
Ret
R&L
+2.25 Phoria
D
–
ortho
Convergence
excess
Convergence
excess
Phoria
N
–
1
exo
+
+
Fails
+2.00
and
-‐2.00
Accommodative
insufficiency
Accommodative
excess
Can
clear
±
1.50
NPC
–
10cm
Excess
Myopia
risk
factors
+
early
presbyopia
PRA
-‐1.50
NRA
+1.50
N:
Base
out
FR
20/18
Pseudo-‐myopia
Base
in
FR
10/8
Two system diagnosis – RL age 37 Two system diagnosis – RL age 37
Ê Unaided
vision
R&L
6/5-‐
slow,
Retinoscopy
R
+1.25
L
+1.00
Ê SVD
R
+1.25
L
+1.00
for
use
at
computer.
Needs
help
at
near
ACCOM
But
low
NRA
VERGENCE Base
in
FR
(divergent)
–
should
improve
with
plus
Near
Ret
R&L
+2.25 Phoria
D
–
ortho
Fails
+2.00
and
-‐2.00 Distance
vision
problems
–
Phoria
N
–
1
exo
Base
out
FR
(convergent)
–
Can
clear
±
1.50
accommodative
infacility
may
not
improve
with
plus
NPC
–
10cm
and
spasm
from
high
lag.
PRA
-‐1.50
NRA
+1.50
N:
Base
out
FR
20/18
BO
FR
with
plus
=
18/14
SVD
(for
N
use)
will
have
a
Base
in
FR
10/8
Added
1ΔBI
R&L
=
25/20
predictable
effect
on
accom
–
what
about
vergence?
Final
Rx:
R
+1.25
1ΔBI
L
+1.00
1ΔBI
Phoria
N
–
1
exo
Fails
+2.00
and
-‐2.00
NPC
–
10cm Insufficiency
Excess
Infacility
/
Can
clear
±
1.50
spasm
Accommodation
PRA
-‐1.50
NRA
+1.50
N:
Base
out
FR
20/18
Base
in
FR
10/8
Reassess
what
fixing
one
system
does
to
the
other
system
Binocular vision – easier than you think Binocular vision – easier than you think
1.
BV
–
the
two
system
2.
Prism
is
your
friend
2.
Prism
is
your
friend
approach
Ê Base-‐in
prism
creates
magnification
and
concave
distortion
Ê Most
common
cause
of
vertical
diplopia
Ê Children
cope
better
than
adults
Ê Hyperphoria
7-‐25%
of
population,
9%
symptomatic
Ê Occurs
in
most
people
with
normal
BV;
not
with
abnormal
BV
1.
BV
–
the
two
system
2.
Prism
is
your
friend
(H
or
V)
approach
Ê Pre-‐prescribing
prism
adaptation
test:
• 2-‐3
min
trial
to
see
if
heterophoria
returns
to
original
value
Ê Decreases
with
age
–
older
px
likely
to
do
better
with
prisms
than
VT
3.
BV
and
contact
lenses
4.
Why
BV
matters
Ê However,
multiple
prism
corrections
likely
in
most
patients
(latent
vertical
deviations)
Binocular vision – easier than you think MYOPIA – specs vs contact lenses
HYPEROPIA – specs vs contact lenses HYPEROPIA – specs vs contact lenses
Base
OUT
prism
at
near
ESO
shift
in
CL’s
More
accom
demand
Less
accom
demand
MYOPIA
HYPEROPIA
Ê Early
presbyopic
hyperope
Base
IN
prism
in
specs
à
Base
OUT
prism
in
specs
à
easier
to
read
in
CL’s,
but
EXO
in
CL’s
ESO
in
CL’s
lose
spectacle
magnification
in
CL’s
Increased
accommodative
Decreased
accommodative
Ê Latent
hyperope
with
esophoria
demand
in
CL’s
demand
in
CL’s
esophoric
shift
with
CL’s,
but
best
for
increasing
script
Early
presbyopic
myope
Early
presbyopic
hyperope
Low
myope
previously
Latent
hyperope
with
esophoria
uncorrected
at
near
Risk
factors
for
progression
Ê 30
year
old
female,
R&L
-‐6.50
TruEye
R&L
-‐6.50
Proclear
MF
R&L
-‐6.50D
Add
+1.00
Ê Concerned
about
progression,
comfort
issues
Phoria
3
eso
1
eso
esophoria
and
accommodative
lag
Accommodative
+1.50
+1.00
lag
at
near
VS
comfort
D
vision
N
vision
Tips for BV and contact lenses Binocular vision – easier than you think
Ê Consider
the
optical
differences
between
specs
and
1.
BV
–
the
two
system
2.
Prism
is
your
friend
CL’s
when
troubleshooting
adaptation
and
vision
approach
issues
in
CL
wearers,
especially:
Ê Low
myope
or
progressing
myope
Ê Early
presbyopic
myope
Ê Early
presbyopic
hyperope
3.
BV
and
contact
lenses
4.
Why
BV
matters
Ê The
add
in
multifocal
CL’s
isn’t
equivalent
to
the
same
in
glasses
Ê Prepare
young
myopes
to
accept
distance
‘soft
focus’
Ê At
least
15%
of
children
diagnosed
with
ADHD,
the
primary
Ê PAL’s,
bifocal
and
novel
spectacle
lenses
have
small
effects
problem
is
more
likely
to
be
undiagnosed
CI.
‘The
presence
of
CI
may
cause
a
misdiagnosis
of
ADHD.’
Except
for
specific
BV
/
FOH
populations
……..14-‐55%
(Granet
et
al,
2005)
Edwards
et
al
2002,
Yang
et
al
2009,
Gwiazda
et
al
2003,
Cheng
et
al
2010,
Sankaridurg
et
al
2010
Ê Children
with
CI
have
a
higher
frequency
of
behavior
issues
Ê Normal
RGP’s
and
SCL’s
have
no
effect
…………………0-‐5%
related
to
school
performance
and
attention.
Katz
et
al
2003,
Walline
et
al
2004,
Walline
et
al
2008
(Borsting
et
al
2005,
Rouse
et
al
2009)
Ê Bifocal
and
M’focal
SCL’s………………………………..34-‐54%
Ê Reduced
convergence
ability
correlated
with
reduced
reading
Phillips
et
al
2010,
Holden
et
al
2010,
Sankaridurg
et
al
2011
speed
–
increased
eye
movements
(Quaid
and
Simpson
2013)
Ê OrthoK……………………………………….…………….37-‐100%
Cho
et
al
2005,
Walline
et
al
2009,
Swarbrick
et
al
2011
,Kakita
et
al
2011,
Cho
et
al
2011,
Charm
et
al
2011,
Hiraoka
et
al
2012,
Santodomingo-‐Rubido
et
al
2012
1.
Increased
aberrations
at
near
Modify
central
defocus
Modify
peripheral
defocus
Relative
peripheral
optics
beneficial
aberration
profile
myopic
peripheral
optics
2.
Inaccurate
accommodation
and
convergence
behaviour
accurate
binocular
vision
Bennett
et
al
1989,
Bullimore
et
al
1992,
Rosenfield
et
al
1994,
Drobe
et
al
1995,
Gwiazda
et
al
1995,Abbott
et
al
1998,
Gwiazda
et
al
1999,
Mutti
et
al
2000,
Rosenfield
et
al
2002,
Vera-‐Diaz
et
al
2002,
Chen
et
al
2003,
Wolffsohn
et
al
2003,
Nakatsuka
et
al
2005,
Allen
et
al
2006,
Pandian
et
al
2006,
Harb
et
al
2006,
Mutti
et
al
2006,
Ciuffreda
et
al
2008,
Vasudevan
et
al
2008,
Lin
et
al
2012
BV:
Specs
vs
CL’s
for
myopia
control
Progression
decreases
with
age
Ê Specs:
prism
corrections
for
severe
vergence
disorders
≤0.25D
Ê Specs:
consistent,
full
strength
add
for
eso’s
and
per
year
accommodative
lags
Ê Bifocal
SCL
reduce
accommodative
lag
by
about
half
of
the
add
power
(Tarrant
et
al
2008)
Ê The
effect
of
OrthoK
on
BV
is
not
yet
defined