ENGLISH LANGUAGE DEPARTMENT

COLLEGE OF ARTS AND LETTERS

BICOL UNIVERSITY
LEGAZPI CITY

FIRST SEMESTER
ACADEMIC YEAR 2020-2021

PROPERTY OF:

__________________________________________________
NAME OF STUDENT/COURSE AND YEAR

GEC-15, PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION Module 5

 FORMAT FOR TASKS

Save all tasks in a letter-size or short bond paper [.docx or .doc format] and rename the
file using this format (M5- BSSW -Block B - Surname & Initials). Send your work to my
e-mail add: auroramojarmonjardin@gmail.com

Name: __________________________ Course & Year: ______

TASK # 1

VARIOUS FORMS DESCRIPTION PRIMARY USE ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES

OF
COMMUNICATION

Telegram (or
telegraph
messages)
Handwritten
letters or
messages
Typewritten
letters or
messages
E-mail messages
Text (or SMS)
messages
Facebook posts

Tweets

TASK # 2

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GEC-15, PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION Module 5

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CHAPTER FIVE

COMMUNICATION AND TECHNOLOGY

WHAT IS THIS LESSON

ABOUT?

This lesson focuses on how to communicate effectively with a purpose that requires not
only knowledge of how to use tools and technology but also how to use them purposively.

WHAT WILL YOU LEARN?

At the end of this lesson, you are expected to:

Identify communication aids and strategies using tools of technology;

Convey ideas through oral, audio visual, web-based or online
presentations;
Evaluate presentations; and
Reflect on learning experience.

GEC-15, PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION Module 5

 Here are some clippings of cartoons that show the use of technology, analyze each
image and answer the questions below:

a. What idea about technology do the cartoons present?

b. Do these cartoons present positive or negative ideas about technology? How so?

a. ________________________________________________________________________
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b. ________________________________________________________________________
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GEC-15, PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION Module 5

 ________________________________________________________________________
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LESSON 1: MEDIATED COMMUNICATION

LET’S READ!

Technology has the ability to overcome restrictions of time and place, to search
for related materials, to examine multiple contents, and to support
many communication channels. The mediated nature of communication allows
greater control and more cautious material of personal information.

Mediated communication has become part of our every day’s life. It has changed
the way people communicate. It has proved to be a valuable tool for keeping in touch
with friends, loved ones, coworkers and families. It has widened people’s perspective.
Notably, the people close to us tend to share the same beliefs and values. In this
regard, extended communication exposes us to different views or new sources of
information, which can help broaden our thinking (Tanis 32). However, despite the
popularity of mediated communication in today’s life, it has both merits and demerits.
Mediated communication enhances our relationship maintenance behaviors.
Social media platforms like Twitter provides space in our busy schedule to interact with
those we usually have less face-to-face contact with. Through networking, people are
able to maintain their relationships with people in distant places.
Although social media expands our relationships socially, it may be detrimental to
the local social circle. This is because over-dependence on communication through the
internet causes addiction. The resulting addition leads to reduced concentration in
interpersonal relationships where one is likely to develop unhealthy sedentary lives
(Putnam 34). Addictions to social networking increases expenditure and decreases time
spent working. This causes financial constraints, which prevent us from participating in
social activities that require money. This in turn affecting our relationships.
Mediated communication emerges as a popularly trend in the modern day life. It
has revolutionized how we communicate and relate with others. Through it, we are able
to maintain our relationships with people regardless of their location geographically.
However, mediated communication has been blamed for being additive. Addicts of this
communication channel later become socially isolated. 

GEC-15, PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION Module 5

LESSON 2: COMMUNICATION IN SOCIAL MEDIA

LET’S READ!

Social media refers to websites and applications that are designed to allow people
to share content quickly, efficiently, and in real-time. While many people access social
media through smartphone apps, this communication tool started with computers, and
social media can refer to any internet communication tool that allows users to broadly
share content and engage with the public.
The ability to share photos, opinions, and events in real-time has transformed the way
we live and the way we do business.

WHAT IS SOCIAL MEDIA?

Social media is any digital tool that allows users to quickly create and
share content with the public. Social media encompasses a wide range of
websites and apps. Some, like Twitter, specialize in sharing links and short
written messages. Others, like Instagram and Pinterest, are built to optimize the
sharing of photos and videos.

UNDERSTANDING SOCIAL MEDIA

Social media originated as a way to interact with friends and family but was later
adopted by businesses which wanted to take advantage of a popular new
communication method to reach out to customers. The power of social media is the
ability to connect and share information with anyone on Earth, or with many people
simultaneously.

Globally, there are more than 3 billion social media users. Social media is an
ever-changing and ever-evolving web-based platform.

According to the Pew Research Center, social media users tend to be younger.

Nearly 90 percent of people between the ages of 18 and 29 used at least one form of
social media. Further, these users tend to be better educated and relatively wealthy, or
earning over $75,000 per year.

What makes social media unique is that it is both broad and relatively
uncensored. While many social media companies impose some limitations—such as
taking down images that display violence or nudity—there are much fewer limitations on
what someone can share than there with other means of mass communication like
newspapers, radio stations, and television channels.

Anyone with internet access can sign up for a social media account. They can
use that account to share whatever content they choose to, and the content they share
reaches anyone who visits their page or profile.

HOW SOCIAL MEDIA WORKS

GEC-15, PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION Module 5

Since social media covers so many different kinds of websites and applications, the
function of these tools also varies. However, most social media sites start with a user
creating a profile, usually by providing a name and an email address.
Once a profile has been created, users can create and share content. For instance, an
Instagram user with a new account can take a picture and share it on their profile with a
caption. In addition to creating content for their profile, social media users can find other
users whose content they want to follow or comment on. Depending on the type of
social media, a user may "follow" another user, add them as a "friend," or they may
"subscribe" to another user's page.
Social media often uses "feeds" that allow users to scroll through content. Social media
companies use algorithms, based on a user's profile data, to determine the content that
appears and the order that it appears in. The feed will include content from "followed"
users, as well as from entities that pay to promote their content.
TYPES OF SOCIAL MEDIA
There are many different types of social media, and many services could fit into multiple
categories. Here are a few of the major types, along with some examples.
Social Networks
Social networks specialize in connecting and exchanging thoughts, ideas, and content
with other users—often with users who share tastes and interests. Facebook and
Twitter are examples of social networks. Though more professional than others,
LinkedIn may be considered a social network, as well.
Media Networks
As opposed to social networks, which specialize in letting users share and exchange
raw thoughts and ideas, media networks specialize in distributing content like
photographs and videos. Instagram and YouTube are examples of this. A YouTube
user, for example, will upload a video they've created, and other users can "like,"
"dislike," or comment on the video. If they enjoy the video enough, a user may choose
to "subscribe" to the creator, so that new videos from that creator appear in their feed.
Discussion Networks
Discussion networks like Reddit are the ideal outlet for posts that can spark in-depth
discussion among users. Users can leave detailed responses in the comment section,
and other users can respond directly to those comments, allowing for conversations to
grow and develop organically.
Review Networks
Review networks like Yelp and TripAdvisor add social media aspects to user reviews of
products and services. Users can interact directly with those leaving reviews, as can the
businesses being reviewed.
Links: https://www.thebalancesmb.com/what-is-social-media-2890301
http://www.socialmediaimpact.com/how-do-people-communicate-on-social-
media/#

GEC-15, PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION Module 5

 Gather data and information about the following various forms
of communication:
Telegram (or telegraph
messages)
Handwritten letters or messages
Typewritten letters or messages
E-mail messages
Text (or SMS) messages
Facebook posts
Tweets
Instagram posts

Come up with a (1) Description, (2) Primary use, (3)

Advantages and (4) Disadvantages of using the above mentioned
forms.

GEC-15, PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION Module 5

LESSON 3: SOCIAL MEDIA EFFECTS ON
COMMUNICATION

LET’S READ!

SOCIAL MEDIA EFFECTS ON COMMUNICATION

Around 3 billion people use social media today, which means that 40% of the
world uses social media for communication. It’s no surprise that this widespread use
has social media effects on communication.
11% of adults reported preferring staying home on Facebook than going out on
the weekend. Communication is affected in ways such as personal expression, our
expectations of others, and the way companies communicate with customers.

THE PROS AND CONS OF SOCIAL MEDIA ON COMMUNICATION

PROS:

• SHEER NUMBER OF PEOPLE THAT WE CAN INTERACT WITH.

Because of social media networks, we are now able to interact with thousands
of people all over the world – this is why we see people who have thousands of
Facebook friends or tens of thousands of Twitter followers. Without social
media, that would be impossible. Social media networks allow us the
opportunity to share opinions with a far wider audience.

• NO FILTER ON THE WAY WE SPEAK.

In the past, unless you spoke to people directly, you had no way to get your
message across regardless of your freedom of speech.  Now we can use social

GEC-15, PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION Module 5

 media to get our messages out to thousands or even millions of people
uncensored.

• INTERESTS AND SELF EXPRESSION

Social media gives people a place to find things of their interest, while also being
able to communicate and meet others. Having these platforms has made
communication easier than ever by providing a medium that targets all kinds of
demographics of people.
No one has to wait for longer than a few hours for a response, and people have
come to expect that timeline for conversations. There is so much of a sense of
urgency that people are often anxious if they haven’t heard back from a family
member, friend, or partner in a number of hours.

• NEED TO SHARE

Social media has created a feeling among users that they must share whatever
they are doing — from restaurant orders, to concerts, to the books they are
reading. This can be a social media positive effect because people are getting
more exposure to things they might not otherwise, such as new reads. But it can
also be a negative effect as it can urge people to become dependent on posting
anything occurring in their own lives and painting those occurrences as rosier
than they truly are.

• INSIDE PERSPECTIVE OF AFAR

One of the positive effects of social media is the ability to get an intimate view of
other cultures and places. With social media, especially on Instagram, users are
able to see what others are doing around the world. People are exposed to travel
ideas, new cultures, and ways of life unlike before.

• BROADCASTING LIVE

Broadcasting live started as a fun, innocent idea to share life’s moments, but it’s
transformed to become a large part of political movements, sharing some dark
aspects of today’s society. The option to post live videos has created an
important platform for serious issues that need to be spoken about.

CONS:

• CHANGED THE WAY THAT WE INTERACT

Social media has also changed the way that we interact, mainly the way we have
lost some of our social skills. Some people are completely incapable of carrying
on a normal conversation or interacting with people in person because of the
dependency of social media.

• BOREDOM IN CONVERSATION

GEC-15, PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION Module 5

 We are becoming bored when we have real, in-person conversations. People
have such a need for social media consumption and that instant, colorful
feedback only social media can give, they will often become bored during real
conversations, resorting to their phones. This can lead to a decrease in the
quality and number of meaningful conversations.
• REACTIONS TO NON-VERBAL, EMOTIONAL, AND SOCIAL CUES

In-person reactions to non-verbal, emotional, or social cues are changing in that

people don’t need to respond to these types of communication when they are
online. This leads to less experience and awareness of others’ needs based on
these types of cues that can only be received from in-person communication.

• HOW WE VALUE OURSELVES

When people see others having a wonderful life, as represented on social media,
they tend to have a negative self-image, and start to devalue their own ways of
life. In addition, there is a feeling of needing to paint an inaccurately positive and
‘fun’ version of one’s own life which leads to feelings of negativity about one’s
‘real’ life.

COMMUNICATION STYLE

1. Summarized Writing

Starting with the limited character text messaging of the 2000s, and nowadays
with the 140-character tweet, messages have been getting shorter and more
concise. Other areas of communication have adapted for summarized writing as
well, such as in shortened work memos, shortened academic communication
between students and professors, and shortened messages in advertising.

2. Abbreviations

This has caused concern among some academics, citing studies that show a
causation between “textese” and negative effects on literacy skills such as writing
skills and reading accuracy. Other studies show that using “textese” has no effect
on spelling ability, or correct grammar use. For a full review of related studies,
see this meta-analysis.

3. Unfiltered Interactions

Social media and internet interactions offer a veil between the person sending
and the person receiving the message. These interactions are no longer face to
face, and this can lead to some unfiltered conversations as people feel they can
say anything with no repercussions.

4. GIFs and Emojis

The introduction of using emojis to illustrate a written message or a GIF to

express a reaction may seem fun and innocent, but it is also interfering with our
ability to properly craft a written response.

5. Viral Messages

GEC-15, PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION Module 5

 That quick and easy “share” button on so many social media platforms has led to
the phenomenon of “going viral.” Messages, videos, and other content can be
easily shared between platforms with millions of people in a matter of days.

LESSON 4: FIVE CATEGORIES OF BARRIERS

LET’S READ!

When communication happens there may be 'noise' which is called as barriers to

communication.

Barriers to communication causes different misunderstanding, misconceptions,

confusion and overall miscommunication. That's why we should know about those well
to recognize well in the purpose of trying to avoid those from communication to make
communication effective.

Different types of barriers to communication are described below:

ORGANIZATIONAL BARRIERS: It arises for the following reasons:

1. Complex Organizational Structure: The more complex structure that an

organization has the more problem it face in communication.

2. Excessive Layering of Administration: In modern business, the

administrative level has more layers which creates communication gap between
employee and management.

3. Lack of Policies: How management will function is reflected through its

policies.  Lack of proper organizational or managerial policy causes dispassion
among the employees.

4. Conservativeness of Supervisors: Sometimes supervisors are very

conservative and ignore to communicate with the employees. This causes barrier

GEC-15, PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION Module 5

 to communication.

5. Improper Delegation of Authority & Responsibility: For improper

delegation of authority and responsibility in an organization, the employees and
workers are not conscious about their task which acts as a barrier to
communication.

 INDIVIDUAL BARRIERS:

 1. Personality: Sometimes higher officials do not maintain any discussion with

the subordinates due to their high personality. This hampers in communication.

2. Wrong Explanation: Both receiver and sender can explain the received

message or information in a wrong way which causes problem to communication.

3. Individual Conflict: If individual conflict exists between sender and receiver

then communication can happen whimsically. This acts as a barrier to
communication.

4. Fear: Lack of proper knowledge, fear of capability, fear of explaining properly,

threat for failure and others are also reasons for causing problems to
communication.

5. Pre-Idea: Sometimes, we bear pre-idea regarding any person in our mind.

And when we communicate, we try to apply what is kept in our mind. Difference
between perception and reality may hamper communication.

6. Insincerity and Lack of Confidence: Sender may not give importance to the
thinking and decision of receiver. In such a case, receiver may lose confidence
which will lead to worthless communication.

LANGUAGE/SEMANTIC BARRIER

1. Vague Word: Use of vague word in communication causes problem because

such word creates different meaning and therefore the message loses its appeal.

2. Use of Local Dialect: The tone of different region is different and therefore

using local dialect in communication will obviously create adverse impression.
This acts as barrier to communication.

3. Use of Different Languages: Communication may be done in different

languages and receiver may not be expert in different languages. This causes
barrier to communication.

4. Use of Technical Words: Receiver may fail to understand the meaning of

technical words and therefore use of such words in communication hampers the
whole communication.

BARRIERS DUE TO STATUS: It occurs due to following reasons:

GEC-15, PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION Module 5

 1. Status/ Position: Each and every person in different layers of organization
wants to maintain individual status. He or she may not want to exchange any
message or information which may hit to his or her status or prestige. Here, in
this case, communication gets barriers to be effective.

2. Mental State: Sometimes, Receiver suspects the sender of message and

does not rely on the message sent. Such mental state acts as a barrier to
communication.

BARRIERS DUE TO RESISTANCE TO CHANGE

1. Following the 'Old One': There are traditional people in every organization

who always prefer the old customs and avoid any change because change
involves flexibility. So, people who follow the 'Old One' act as a barrier to
communication.

2. Lack of Attention: Sometimes, officers and subordinates of an organization

do not pay attention enough to the message or information what is received. This
is one of barriers to communication.

3. Own interpretation or Assumption: It happens that receiver of the message

makes his own explanation or assumption regarding the message received. This
leads to problem for communication.

OTHER BARRIERS: There are some other barriers to communication which are as

follows:

1. Geographical Barrier: Geographical distance creates communication gap.

For example, communication between Washington and California.

2. Lack of Harmony: If mutual understanding that exists between sender and

receiver of communication is absent then communication is barred.

3. Faulty Expression: If communication fails to communicate the message in a

correct way then receiver faces problem. So, faulty expression creates
miscommunication or confusion.

4. Cultural Difference: Difference nations have different cultures. Lack of proper

knowledge and wisdom to the culture of receiver may be a reason of
communication problem.

5. Absence of Feedback:  When there is a feedback from receiver,

communication becomes effective. Feedback creates awareness in the mind of
sender regarding the communication and aids him to modify the quality of
communication.

Consequently, any problem, interference on hindrance to the process of communication

is identified as the barrier to communication. An organizational Authority must try to
avoid these barriers to communication to make communication better and effective.

GEC-15, PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION Module 5

 Watch the short film about communication barriers;
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dBT6u0FyKnc
Comment on the causes of misconceptions and misunderstandings
exhibited by the characters. Come with suggestions on how said misconceptions
and misunderstandings be resolved.

GEC-15, PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION Module 5

GEC-15, PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION Module 5
LESSON 5: GENERAL GUIDELINES FOR CREATING
AN EFFECTIVE PRESENTAITION

LET’S READ!

HOW CAN YOU MAKE A GOOD PRESENTATION EVEN MORE EFFECTIVE?

1. Show your Passion and Connect with your Audience

It’s hard to be relaxed and be yourself when you’re nervous.

2. Focus on your Audience’s Needs

Your presentation needs to be built around what your audience is going to

get out of the presentation.

3. Keep it Simple: Concentrate on your Core Message

When planning your presentation, you should always keep in mind the
question:

What is the key message (or three key points) for my audience to take
away?

4. Smile and Make Eye Contact with your Audience

This sounds very easy, but a surprisingly large number of presenters fail
to do it.

5. Start with a Strong Grabber

The beginning of your presentation is crucial. You need to grab your

audience’s attention and hold it.

6. Use your Voice Effectively

The spoken word is actually a pretty inefficient means of communication,

because it uses only one of your audience’s five senses. That’s why
presenters tend to use visual aids, too. But you can help to make the
spoken word better by using your voice effectively.

Varying the speed at which you talk, and emphasizing changes in pitch
and tone all help to make your voice more interesting and hold your
audience’s attention.

7. Use your Body Too

It has been estimated that more than three quarters of communication is

non-verbal.

8. Relax, Breathe and Enjoy

If you find presenting difficult, it can be hard to be calm and relaxed about doing
it.

GEC-15, PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION Module 5

Slideshows are quick to produce, easy to update and effective to inject visual interest
into the presentation.

However, slideshows can also spell disaster even for experienced presenters. The key
to success is to make certain your slideshow is a visual aid and not a visual distraction.

TIPS FOR MAKING EFFECTIVE POWERPOINT PRESENTATIONS

o Use the slide master feature to create a consistent and simple design template. It
is fine to vary the content presentation (i.e., bulleted list, 2-column text, text &
image), but be consistent with other elements such as font, colors, and
background.

o Simplify and limit the number of words on each screen. Use key phrases and
include only essential information.

o Limit punctuation and avoid putting words in all capital letters. Empty space on
the slide will enhance readability.

o Use contrasting colors for text and background. Light text on a dark background
is best. Patterned backgrounds can reduce readability of text.

o Avoid the use of flashy transitions such as text fly-ins. These features may seem
impressive at first, but are distracting and get old quickly.

o Overuse of special effects such as animation and sounds may make your
presentation “cutesy” and could negatively impact your credibility.

o Use good quality images that reinforce and complement your message. Ensure
that your image maintains its impact and resolution when projected on a larger
screen.

o If you use builds (lines of text appearing each time you click the mouse), have
content appear on the screen in a consistent, simple manner; from the top or left
is best. Only “build” screens when necessary to make your point because builds
can slow your presentation.

GEC-15, PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION Module 5

 o Limit the number of slides. Presenters who constantly “flip” to the next slide are
likely to lose their audience. A good rule of thumb is one slide per minute.

o Learn to navigate your presentation in a non-linear fashion. PowerPoint allows

the presenter to jump ahead or back without having to page through all the
interim slides.

o Know how to and practice moving forward AND backward within your
presentation. Audiences often ask to see the previous screen again.

o If possible, view your slides on the screen you’ll be using for your presentation.
Make sure slides are readable from the back row seats. Text and graphical
images should be large enough to read, but not so large as to appear “loud.”

o Have a Plan B in the event of technical difficulties. Remember that

transparencies and handouts will not show animation or other special effects.

o Practice with someone who has never seen your presentation. Ask them for
honest feedback about colors, content, and any effects or graphical images
you’ve included.

o Do not read from your slides. The content of your slides is for the audience, not
for the presenter. Do not speak to your slides. Many presenters face the direction
of their presentation rather than their audience. Do not apologize for anything in
your presentation. If you believe something will be hard to read or understand,
don’t use it.

o When possible, run your presentation from the hard disk rather than a floppy
disk. Running from a floppy disk may slow your presentation.

GEC-15, PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION Module 5

LESSON 6: COMMUNICATION AIDS AND TOOLS

LET’S READ!

• MICROSOFT POWER POINT

Microsoft PowerPoint is a powerful presentation software developed by
Microsoft. It is a standard component of the company's Microsoft Office
suite software, and is bundled together with Word, Excel and other Office
productivity tools. The program uses slides to convey information rich in
multimedia.

• EMPRESSR
Empressr is the first flash web-enabled presentation application that
provides everything you need to create, manage, publish and share
presentations with anyone, anywhere at anytime. Equipped with only a
web- browser, Empressr's SaaS offering combines a powerful set of user-
friendly design and editing tools to create one of the most dynamic, rich
media environments available online today.

GEC-15, PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION Module 5

 • SLIDESHARE
SlideShare is a slide hosting service, acquired by LinkedIn in 2012. It
allows users to upload files (PowerPoint, PDF, Keynote, or
OpenDocument presentations) either privately or publicly. The slide decks
can then be viewed on the site itself or can be embedded on other sites.

• PREZI
Prezi is a presentation tool that can be used as an alternative to traditional
slide making programs such as PowerPoint. Instead of
slides, Prezi makes use of one large canvas that allows you to pan and
zoom to various parts of the canvas and emphasize the ideas presented
there.

GEC-15, PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION Module 5

 • SLIDEROCKET
SlideRocket is an online presentation platform that allows users to create,
manage, share and measure presentations.

• ZOHO SHOW
Zoho Show is an online tool for making powerful presentations. It allows
users to share & collaborate on presentations and make remote
presentations to clients. Zoho Show's pre-built themes, clipart and shapes
coupled with features like drag-and-drop makes it an easy application to
use.

• ZENTATION
Zentation offers the richest media on the web for video and
presentations. Zentation provides a way to synchronize video with your
PowerPoint slides.

GEC-15, PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION Module 5

LESSON 7: SOFTWARE APPLICATIONS

LET’S READ!

PHOTOSTORY

• Create slideshows using digital photos

• Touch-up, crop, or rotate pictures.
• Add stunning special effects, soundtracks, and own voice
narration to photo stories.
• Personalize with titles and captions.
• Watch on your TV, a computer, or a Windows Mobile–
based portable device.

Source: https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=11132

WINDOWS MAKER MOVIE

• Easy-to-use & powerful video creating/editing software

application, designed for latest Windows7, Windows 8,
Windows 10.

• Quickly turn photos and videos into polished movies

• Add special effects, transitions, sound, and captions to

help tell story.

Source: https://www.topwin-movie-maker.com/

GEC-15, PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION Module 5

AUDICITY

Source: https://www.audacityteam.org/

VOICE THREAD

• Create and share dynamic conversations

around documents, snapshots, diagrams and
videos
• Talk, type, and draw right on the screen.
• Captures ones’ presence, not just comments.
• Anyone can join the discussion -- anytime,
anywhere.

Source: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=air.VoiceThread&hl=en

GEC-15, PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION Module 5

GEC-15, PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION Module 5