Science encompasses the systematic study of the structure and behaviour of the physical and natural world

through observation and experiment, and technology is the application of scientific knowledge for practical
purposes.

What is development, generally speaking? It is trying to get a country in a position to full participate in a globalizing
world. That world, however, is essentially driven by technology. Energy, medicine and health, clean air and water,
transportation, sanitation, management use and conservation of natural resources -- all are based ultimately in science
and technology. So it is obvious that to be a part of that world, there must be science and technology elements in the
development process.

The role of science and technology for building a sustainable future has become a topic that is being discussed across
the world. With the resources steadily depleting, the importance of science being able to find a solution has become
even more necessary now. The role of technology in sustainable development to fight against the challenges posed by
man-made climate change is truly important at this stage.

How does technology affect sustainability?

Technology plays a crucial role in sustainable development. Whether it is social, economic or environmental, the role of
technology to meet the goals of sustainable development can’t be denied. There is a great reluctance among
governments and others to make political and social changes that are necessary to reduce the growth in production and
consumption.

This is where the reliance on science and technology come into play. Most of the countries are now using science and
technology to find the answers towards achieving a sustainable future and to solve the environmental problems that
they are facing.

Using technology for sustainability

Today technology has progressed by leaps and bounds in all fields. Countries around the world are building models of
sustainable growth based on the assumption that technology can help them create new or alternate sources to the
resources that are depleting. The other idea is that science can help us find ways to reuse the remaining resources in an
efficient way.

In the past science and technology had been used to create end-of-pipe remedies. This means that the focus was more
on the cleaning up and controlling of the pollution. This method, however, failed to address the real causes of the
problem. Soon the focus shifted to developing “clean technologies” that change the production process and create
products that are themselves less harmful to the environment.
 Technology plays a big role in sustainable development in all of its aspects:

ENVIRONMENTAL
Everything we need for our survival depends on the natural environment that surrounds us. Environmental sustainability
creates and sustains the conditions with which both human and nature can exist in a productive harmony with one
another while still being able to maintain social and economic requirements. By maintaining our way of life in a way that
doesn’t deplete our resources, we’re ensuring that future generations will also be able to sustain themselves.

Green technology’s goal is to replace practices and methods that damage or deplete natural resources with alternative
practices that are sustainable and efficient.  By partaking in alternatives like renewable energy, which is energy
harnessed from renewable sources like wind, water, and solar, instead of limited sources like fossil fuels, we can cut
down on pollution and avoid depleting natural resources.

Other forms of green technology include green building techniques and eGain forecasting. Green building, also known as
sustainable building, refers to a structure that is resource-efficient as well as being environmentally responsible. EGain
uses weather forecasting to predict how future weather patterns will affect a building’s structure, which can eliminate
redundant use of heat, energy consumption and greenhouse gas emission.

By planning ahead, we can eliminate waste and redundancies, which ensures the longevity of our natural resources for
future generations.

SOCIAL
Linking science to society, public understanding of science, and the participation of citizens in science are essential to
creating societies where people have necessary knowledge to make professional, personal, and political choices, and to
participate in the stimulating world of discovery.
Science and technology empower societies and citizens.

ECONOMICAL
https://collabink.com/sustainable-development-technology/

https://en.unesco.org/themes/science-sustainable-future
ENVIRONMENT
Science can be used to restore the public confidence in the agency and provide good rational for its decisions.
Science has an important role in enacting, implementing, and enforcing environmental law. Congress enacted
many statutes based on science-, technology-, and health/risk-standards.
SOCIETY
Developments in science and technology are fundamentally altering the way people live, connect,
communicate and transact, with profound effects on economic development. To promote tech advance,
developing countries should invest in quality education for youth, and continuous skills training for workers and
managers.
ECONOMY
Technology has deeply affected the global economy and its usage has been linked to marketplace
transformation, improved living standards and more robust international trade. ... Technological advances have
significantly improved operations and lowered the cost of doing business.