GUIDELINES IN RESEARCH

OBJECTIVE:
This compendium aims to serve as the protocol for Research Instructors and Advisers in guiding
undergraduate research endeavors conducted in the College of Allied Health Sciences of the PHINMA
Araullo University.

Specifically, it aims:

1. To establish an official and standard research protocol for the College of Allied Health Sciences.
2. To ensure that the research protocol is in keeping with what is current in the field of research, in
general, and research in the concerned students’ field, in particular;
3. To promote the uniform use of this standard in the classroom instruction of Research I and II;
4. To facilitate the work and contribution of Research Advisers who may not be directly involved in
the classroom instruction of Research;
5. To provide a standard framework for student researchers;
6. To promote excellence in the conduct of undergraduate research studies; and,
7. To prepare students in the College of Allied Health Sciences in becoming diligent practitioners of
research.

REFERENCES:

The contents of this manuscript were adapted from the following resources:

1. Publication Manual, American Psychological Association (APA), 6th edition, 2010

2. Guideline for Authors, Committee on Research, Philippine Nurse’s Association (PNA),
Philippine Journal of Nursing (PJN), June-Dec 2010.
3. APA Style Essentials (Degelman, 2011), as recommended by the PNA-PJN.
4. Various other sources pertinent to the APA Publication Manual.
5. Nursing Research, Polit & Beck, 9th edition, 2012
6. Qualitative Research in Nursing, Streubert& Carpenter, 5th Edition, 2011
7. Introduction to Nursing Research , Venzon & Venzon, 3 rd Edition, 2010
8. A Guide for Research in Health, Nursing and the Social Sciences, Gregorio & Mencias, 2008.
9. Output of the Research Team meeting with the Dean and Level IV Coordinator held on 08
September 2011.

10. Others

This guideline was first printed in 2011, revised in 2012 and 2013, and was previously entitled Nursing Research Guidelines.
This 4th edition in 2016 aims to be inclusive of other departments within the CHS for whom this prove useful and is thus, retitled
Guidelines in Research. This manuscript continues to be a work in progress; as such, faculty members and stakeholders alike are
encouraged to share suggestions on how to further improve on it. For other particulars not covered in this document, the student-
researcher is advised to refer to the APA Publication Manual or articles regarding related provisions of same.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I: The Research Paper

I. General Document Guidelines…………………………………………………………………3-5

II. Title Page……………………………………………………………………………………….. 5
III. Approval Sheet…………………………………………………………………………………. 6
IV. Abstract………………………………………………………………………………….. 6
V. Acknowledgement…………………………………………………………………………….. 7
VI. Dedication…………………………………………………………………………………… 7
VII. Table of Contents………………………………………………………………………… 7
VIII. List of Tables……………………………………………………………………………………8
IX. List of Figures…………………………………………………………………………………...8
X. Body……………………………………………………………………………………………8-10
XI. Text Citations…………………………………………………………………………………11-12
XII. Quotations……………………………………………………………………………………12-13
XIII. Footnotes…………………………………………………………………………………….13
XIV. References…………………………………………………………………………….....13-21
XV. Tables………………………………………………………………………………………22
XVI. Figures…………………………………………………….....................................................22
XVII. Appendices…………………………………………………………………………………23
XVIII. Curriculum Vitae……………………………………………………………………………23

Format Samples:

1- Title Page……………………………………………………………………………………24
2- Approval Sheet……………………………………………………………………………….25
3- Table of Contents…………………………………………………………………………26-27
4- List of Tables…………………………………………………………………………………28
5- List of Figures………………………………………………………………………………..28

PART II: The Oral Presentation

General Guidelines………………………………………………………………………………..29-31
Guidelines in preparing the PowerPoint® Presentation……………………………………….32-35

PART III: Evaluation of the Study

Parameters and Objectives……………………………………………………………..36-37
Format Samples:

6- Evaluation of the Research Proposal (Quantitative)…..................38-40

7- Evaluation of the Research Proposal (Qualitative)……………...41-43
8- General Evaluation of the Written Report………………………44
9- General Evaluation of the Oral Presentation…..............................45
10- General Evaluation of the Final Research Paper………………..46
11- Evaluation of the Final Research Paper (Quantitative)…………47-50
12- Evaluation of the Final Research Paper (Qualitative)…………..51-54
13- Evaluation of the Final Research Paper (Poster)………………..55
 Part I: THE RESEARCH PAPER

I. GENERAL DOCUMENT GUIDELINES

A. Material:White writing paper, letter size, 8.5‖ x 11‖ substance 20.

B. Logos: The title page contains the colored logos of the (1) PHINMA Araullo University on the
left upper margin, and the (2) College of Allied Health Sciences or respective CAHS department
on the right upper margin. The inclusion of logos in the rest of the pages of the manuscript is
optional.

C. Margins: 1.5 inches or (3.81 cm.) on the left, and 1 inch (or 2.54 cm.) on the rest (top, bottom,
and right).

D. Font Size and Type: Use 12- pt. Times New Roman font for the text; use Tahoma for figures.

E. Line spacing: Double-spaced throughout the paper, including the title page, abstract, body of
manuscript, references, table headings, figures, and appendices. Single space may be used in
certain areas where space is a consideration (approval sheet, table entries, running head or header,
letters and questionnaire items).

F. Spacing after Punctuation: Space once after commas, colons, and semicolons within sentences.
To increase readability, insert two spaces after punctuation marks that end sentences.

G. Alignment: Justified (except where prescribed).

H. Paragraph Indention: 5 spaces.

I. Pagination: The page number appears at the bottom on the right edge of the paper.

J. Running Head: The header is the tile of the research paper that appears at the top of the pages of
the research paper, right indent (as exemplified by the header on the top page of this guideline).
The header should be in plain text, with no fancy colored borders. When space is a consideration,
use 10 or 0 pt. font size; aim to occupy no more than two line spaces. Omit header on the title
page and on the page where a new chapter starts.

K. Style: Italics, underlining, and bolding should not be used except where prescribed.

L. Spelling: May be in either American or British English; whichever is chosen should be used
consistently all throughout the paper.

M. Reducing Bias in Language: Using precise language is expected in scientific writing.

o Refer to study participants at the appropriate level of specificity.

The term ―subjects‖ is still an acceptable term to use, but ―participants‖ is more
representative of the individuals’ roles in the research project. Use ―women‖ and ―men‖

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 to refer to all human beings instead of only using ―man‖. The term ―man‖ is appropriate
to use when referring to one man but not when referring to a population that includes men
and women.
o Refer to study participants how they wish to be called.
Try to avoid labels if possible. For example, instead of labeling a group ―the elderly‖ or
―the arthritic‖- labels in which individuals are lost – try ―older adults‖ or ―woman with
arthritis‖.
o Acknowledge study participants’ contribution while still following the rules in your
field.
For example, a psychology student might use the term ―subjects” in her research report,
but a health science student might use the term ―patients” or ―clients‖ to refer to those
who participated in the research. As such, the student researcher is advised to be
consistent in the used throughout the paper.

N. Approximations and Reporting Statistics:

o Use words to express approximations of days, months, and year (e.g., four years ago,
nineteenth century).
o Use a zero before the decimal point with numbers less than one when the statistics can be
greater than one (e.g., 0.56 kg).
o Do not use a zero before the decimal point when the number cannot be greater than one
(e.g., r= .015).
o Use brackets to group together confidence interval limits in both the body text and tables.
Example: 95% CIs [-7.2, 4.3], [9.2, 12.4], and [-1.2, -0.5]

O. The Initial Research Proposal: A draft of the research proposal (in expanding binder with
fastener on the left side margin) is first discussed with the Instructor/Adviser prior to submission.

P. The Oral Examination: The researchers should provide the instructor/s, adviser, and each
member of the Defense Panel a copy of the research proposal (Research I) or final research paper
(Research II) at least seven (7) working days before the scheduled oral examination.

Q. The Final Research Proposal: The approved final research proposal should be paper-bound and
with plastic cover. The color of the cover and binding will depend on the students’
college/department (e.g., light green for Nursing, light blue for Physical Therapy, etc.). The cover
of paper-bound copy contains the same entries as found on the title page; the spines contain the
study title only. All prints on the cover and spine are printed in black (bold format).

R. The Final Research Paper: The approved final research paper should be book-bound and with
plastic cover. Similarly, the color of the cover and binding will depend on the student’
college/department (e.g., dark green for Nursing, dark blue for Physical Therapy, etc.). The cover
of the book-bound copy contains the same entries as found on the title page; the spine contains
the study title only. All prints on the cover and spine are embossed in gold (not laser-printed).

S. Copies:

o Final Research Proposal - Submit three (3) copies: one for the Instructor and two for the CHS
Library. In addition, all students groups should retain at least one copy for their use in Research
II.
o Final Research Paper - Submit three (3) copies: one for the University Library and two for the
CHS Library. Additional copies may likewise be provided should the instructor and/or adviser
request for one. The original copy is submitted to the Faculty of the CHS. Unless prescribed by

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 the research adviser and/or instructor/s, clear photocopies for the two other final research papers
are acceptable, provided that the title page bears logos in color.

T. Other Requirements:
o Research I and II – Submit a copy of the PowerPoint® presentation used for the oral
defense on a re-writable CD. The disc should be properly labeled (title, authors,
college/department, year level, block, group, school year, submission date), encased in a
plastic disc jacket and placed inside a cardboard disc holder to be glued on the upper
inner portion of the original manuscript’s back cover.
o Research II – Submit a (1) poster based on the study undertaken. The format and other
details will be as specified by the instructor. After the presentation, the poster will remain
in the CHS Library. Moreover, an (2) electronic copy of the poster should be placed in a
re-writable CD with same specifications as above, to be glued on the lower inner portion
of the original manuscript’s back cover.

U. Order of Pages:
o Title page, Approval Sheet, Abstract, Acknowledgement, Dedication, Table of
Contents, List of Tables, List of Figures, Body, References, Tables, Figures,
Appendices, Curriculum Vitae.

II. TITLE PAGE

A. Research Title: All uppercase, centered at the top of the page. It should not contain a
colon or complex structure. Limit the title to 10 – 15 words.

B. Submission Details: Uppercase and lowercase, centered on the page. Omit names of
advisers and instructors.

C. Authors: Uppercase and lowercase, centered on the page. Enumerate name in

alphabetical order (Surname, First Name/s, Middle Initial); immediately followed on the
next line by the authors’ affiliation (Level, Block, and Group Number).

D. Submission Date: Month and year, with no comma in between. Uppercase and
lowercase, centered on the line of the page.

E. Pagination: While no pagination appears on the title page, this is considered as page i
(lowercase of letter i) and mentioned in the Table of Contents as such.

[Note: Pagination for the preliminary pages uses Roman Numerals in lowercase letters.]

III. APPROVAL SHEET

The Approval Sheet is one-page document certifying the study’s acceptance for
examination and signed by designated authorities.

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 [Note: refer to a sample copy on page 25. The format is modified depending on the actual
composition of the committee and other designated authorities and signatories.]

A. Pagination: This is considered page ii (lowercase letter i, representing Roman numeral

page numbering) placed at the bottom on the right edge of the paper, and mentioned as
such in the Table of Contents.

B. Headings: There is no running head. Instead, the name of the university occupies the first
line of the page, the college on the second line, the department on the third line, and the
school’s location on the fourth line. The heading ―Approval Sheet‖ is placed two spaces
down. For all headings, characters are centered, boldface, uppercase letters.

C. Format: for the body of the document, flush left, indented, uppercase and lowercase
letters (except where prescribed).

IV. ABSTRACT

The Abstract is a one-paragraph, self-contained summary of the most important elements

of the research paper.

A. Pagination: The abstract serves as page iii (lowercase letter i) placed at the bottom on the
right edge of the paper.

B. Heading: ―Abstract‖ (centered on the first line below the running head).

C. Format: The Abstract, in block/justified format (no indention), begins on the line
following the Abstract heading. Typically, the word limit is between 150 and 250 words.
All numbers in the abstract (except those beginning a sentence) should be typed as digits
rather than words.

[Note: For the CHS’ purposes, the student researcher may go beyond 250 words for so
long as the entries are concise and made up of one paragraph presented in a single page.]

D. Contents: the Abstract denotes the following in paragraph form:

1) Purpose of the research paper, without detailed background;
2) Design, including type of study, sample, setting, dates of data collection;
3) Methods, such as interventions, measures, type of analysis;
4) Findings; and,
5) Conclusions/ Implications.

E. Key Words: A few key words that are recommended for use in indexing should be listed
at the end of the abstract.

Example:
Study entitle ―Facebook® and academic performance‖

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 Key words: Facebook; Social networking; Grade point average; Academic performance.

V. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

A. Pagination: This document serves as page iv placed at the bottom on the right edge of
the paper.

B. Heading: ―Acknowledgement‖ (Uppercase and lowercase, centered on the first line

below the running head).

C. Content: Briefly state names of mentors and other people with significant contribution to
the research study.

VI. DEDICATION

A. Pagination: This document follows the last page of Acknowledgement, and likewise
page-numbered in lowercase Roman numerals.

B. Heading: ―Dedication‖ (Uppercase and lowercase, centered on the first line below the
running head).

C. Content: Briefly state names of individuals to whom the authors wish to dedicate their
research endeavor to.

VII. TABLE OF CONTENTS

A. Pagination: The table of contents follows the Dedication, with the corresponding
lowercase Roman numeral page numbering (and onwards) placed at the bottom on the
right edge of the paper.

B. Heading: ―Table of Contents‖ (Uppercase and lowercase, centered on the first line below
the running head).

C. Order of Subheadings: Starts on the second line after the main heading, flush left, and
sequentially on the succeeding lines. Across each is the corresponding page of it location
on the manuscript.
1. Preliminaries – Title page, Approval sheet, Abstract, Acknowledgement, Dedication,
Table of Contents, List of Tables, and List of Figures.
2. Chapters numbers, headings, and subheadings (as they appear in chronological order
in the body).
3. References, Tables, Figures, Appendices, and Curriculum Vitae.
VIII. LIST OF TABLES

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 A. Pagination: The List of Tables starts on a separate page, and following the lowercase
Roman numeral page numbering of the last page of the Table of Contents.

B. Heading:“List of Tables‖ (uppercase and lowercase, centered on the first line below the
running head.)

C. Order of Subheadings: Starts on the second line after the main heading, flush left and
sequentially on the succeeding lines. Across each is the corresponding page of its location
in the manuscript.

[Note: The Tables section is placed the Reference section.]

IX. LIST OF FIGURES

A. Pagination: The List of Figures starts on a separate page, and likewise following the
lowercase Roman numeral page numbering of the last page of the List of Tables.

B. Heading:“List of Figures‖ (uppercase and lowercase, centered on the first line below the
running head.)

C. Order of Subheadings: Starts on the second line after the main heading, flush left and
sequentially on the succeeding lines. Across each is the corresponding page of its location
in the manuscript.

[Note: The Figures section follows the Tables section.]

X. BODY
[Note: Pagination for the Body, and onwards up to the last parts of the manuscript, uses
Arabic numerals.]
A. Pagination: The body of the paper begins with Chapter I and serves as page 1 placed at
the bottom on the right edge of the paper. Each succeeding chapter should always start on
a separate page.
B. Headings:
1. Main headings:
o Chapter Number – centered on the first line below the running head, boldface,
uppercase and lowercase letters.
o Chapter Title – centered on the second line of the page, boldface, uppercase
letters.

2. Subheadings:
o Flush left, boldface, uppercase and lowercase letters.
o If the subheading has another subheading of its own (e.g., foreign and local
studies), flush left, indent 10 spaces from the left margin, boldface, uppercase

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 and lowercase letters, and followed by a period. After the period punctuation,
however, the text starts on the same lines as the subheading and continues on
(flush left) to follow the same paragraph format used within the body.

3. Order of Heading and Subheadings

 All quantitative designs should follow the outline shown on the next page.

 For qualitative designs, subheadings may be modified or others added.

 For mixed type designs, confer with the instructor / adviser on the most
appropriate combination.

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 QUANTITATIVE DESIGN QUALITATIVE DESIGN

Chapter I – THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Rationale Introduction
Theoretical Framework Conceptual Underpinning / Framework
Conceptual Framework Rationale for Research Approach
Statement of the Problem Purpose of the Study
Significance of the Study Statement of the Problem
Hypothesis / Assumptions of the Study Significance of the Phenomenon / Study
Scope, Delimitation, and Limitation of the Scope, Delimitation, and Limitation of the
Study Study
Definition of Terms Definition of Terms

Chapter II – REVIEW OF LITERATURE

Related Literature Related Literature
Local Local
Foreign Foreign
Related Studies Related Studies
Local Local
Foreign Foreign
Synthesis Synthesis
Chapter III – METHODOLOGY
Research Design Research Design
Locale of the Study The Researchers
Sources of Data Selection of the Study Participants
Sampling Type and Technique Locale of the Study
Research Instrument Data Collection
Validation of Instrument Management and Organization of Data
Data Gathering Procedure Data Analysis / Treatment
Tool for Data Analysis Trustworthiness
Protection of Rights Protection of Rights
Chapter IV – PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
Findings
Findings
(Other Subheadings will depend on study
Discussion
details)
Chapter V – SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary of Findings
Summary of Findings
Conclusion
Conclusion
Implications to Health Science Field (specify)
Implications to Health Science Field (specify)
Recommendations (to include implications for
Include implications for future research
future research)

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XI. TEXT CITATIONS
Source material must be documented in the body of the paper by citing the author(s) and
date(s) of the sources. The underlying principle is that ideas and words of other must be
formally acknowledged.

You must quote or paraphrase correctly to avoid plagiarism.

o To quote is to directly use another’s words and to acknowledge the source.
o To paraphrase is to express the author’s work in your own words and to
acknowledge source.
o To summarize is to describe broadly the findings of a study without directly
quoting from it.
o To plagiarize is to present another’s work as your own and not acknowledge the
source.

The reader can obtain the full source citation from the list of references that follows the
body of the paper.

A. When the names of the authors of a source are part of the formal structure of the
sentence, the year of the publication appears in parentheses following the
identification of the authors.

Example 1:
Wirth and Mitchell (1994) found that although there was a reduction in insulin dosage over a
period of two weeks in the treatment condition compared to the control condition, the difference
was not statistically significant .

Example 2:
As stated in the sixth edition of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological
Association (APA, 2010), the ethical principles of scientific publication are designed to ensure the
integrity of scientific knowledge and to protect the intellectual property rights of others. As the
Publication Manual explains, authors are expected to correct the record if they discover errors in
their publications; they are also expected to give credit to others for their prior work when it is
quoted or paraphrased.

B. When the authors of a source are not part of the formal structure of the sentence, both the
authors and year of publication appear in parentheses. Also, when several sources are
cited parenthetically, they are ordered alphabetically by first author’s surnames and
separated by semicolons.

Example:
Reviews of research on religion and health have concluded that at least some types of religious behaviors
are related to higher levels of physical and mental health (Alle, Gartner, & Larson, 1991; Koenig, 1990;
Levin & Vanderpool, 1991; Maton & Pargament, 1987; Paloma & Pendleton, 1991; Payne, Bergin,
Bielema & Jenkins, 1991).

C. When a source that has two authors is cited, both authors are included every time the
source is cited.

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 D. When a source that has three, four, or five authors is cited, all authors are included the
first time the source is cited. When that source is cited again, the first author’s surname
and ―et al.‖ are used.

E. When a source that has six or more authors is cited, the first author’s surname and ―et al.‖
are used every time the source is cited (including the first time).

F. Every effort should be made to cite only sources that you have actually read. When it is
necessary to cite a source that you have not read that is cited in a source that you have
read, use the following format for the text citation and list only the source you have read
in the References.

Example:
Grayson (as cited in Murzynski & Degelman, 1996) identified four components of body language that were
related to judgments of vulnerability.

 Cite Murzynski & Degelman (whose work you have read) in the references, and not Grayson (whose work
you have not read).
G. To cite a personal communication (including letters, emails and telephone interviews),
include initials, surname, and as exact a date as possible. Because a personal
communication is not ―recoverable‖ information, it is not included in the Bibliography
section. For the text citation, use the following format:

Example:
B.F. Skinner (personal communication, February 12, 1978) claimed that…

H. To cite a web document (electronic source):

1. Use the author-date format. If no author is identified use the first few words of the title in place of
the author. If no date us provided, use ―n.d.” in place of the date.

Examples:

 Degelman (2009) summarizes guidelines for the use of APA writing style.
 Changes in Americans’ views of gender status differences have been documented (Gender and Society,
n.d.).

2. While citing from a webpage, you may not be able to find a page number to refer to, i.e., there is
no pagination. Instead refer to the paragraph number from which you are citing where you would
usually insert a oage number bu using ―para.‖ Instead of ―p.‖. Be sure to include the author’s/s’
name/s and year, too, if applicable.

Example:
―The Purdue University Writing Lab and Purdue Online Writing Lab (OWL) assist clients in their
development as writers — no matter what their skill level -- with on-campus consultations online
participation, and community engagement.‖ (Purdue OWL, 2010, ―Mission,‖ para. 1).

[―Mission‖ is used here to refer to the section in which this quote is found.]

XII. QUOTATIONS

When a direct quote is used, always include the author, year, and page number as part of the citation.

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[Note: One is allowed to quote a maximum total of 300 words from someone’s work. Beyond this figure,
one has to secure permission from the author; when granted, such permission is cited in the
Acknowledgment.]

A. A quotation of fewer than 40 words should be enclosed in double quotation marks and
should be incorporated into the formal structure of the sentence.

Example:

Patients receiving prayer had ―less congestive heart failure, required less diuretic and antibiotic therapy,
had fewer episodes of pneumonia, had fewer cardiac arrests, and were less frequently intubated and
ventilated‖ (Byrd, 1988, p. 829).

B. A lengthier quotation of 40 or more words should appear (without quotation marks) apart from the
surrounding text, in block format, with each line indented five spaces from the left margin. Provide
citation after the final punctuation

Example:
John Nicholson (1820) anticipated this effect when discussing farming methods in the nineteenth century:

Perhaps it would be well, if some institution were devised, and supported at the expense of the
State, which would be no organized as would tent most effectually to produce a due degree of emulation
among Farmers, by rewards and honorary distinctions conferred by those who, by duly successful
experimental efforts and improvements, should render themselves duly entitled to them. (p92)

C. If the quotation you are using falls at the end of the sentence, enclose the quotation with the quotation
marks without including the quotation’s original punctuation.

Example:

 Original Sentence:
―Semantic frames/domains represent one of the two major organizing principles for conceptual
structure‖ (Croft & Cruse, 2004, p. 32).
 When quoted within a text:
In arguing for frame semantics, Croft and Cruse (2004) assert, ―Semantic frames/domain represent
of the two major principles for concept structure‖ (p.32).

XIII. FOOTNOTES

Content footnotes are occasionally used to support substantive information in the text; because
they can be distracting to readers, such footnotes should be included only if they strengthen the
discussion Footnotes are also used to acknowledge copyright permission status. IF used, a content
footnote is paced at the bottom of the page on which it is discussed.

[Note: Previously, footnotes were placed after the References section.]

XIV. REFERENCES

References acknowledge the work of previous scholars and provide a reliable way to locate it.
The source materials/references cited in the manuscript need not be exhaustive but should be
sufficient to support the need for your research and to ensure that the reader can place it in the
context of pervious research and theorizing.

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 All sources included in the References section must be cited in the body of the paper. Conversely,
all sources cited in the research paper must be included in the References section.

References should be the most current available on the topic; to extent possible these should be materials

published within the last five (5) years. Moreover, the student researcher is reminded to consider the
appropriateness and merit of the material within the framework of the hierarchy of evidence used in
evidenced-base practice/

Although referencing the full-text of an article is preferred, student researchers may use abstracts as
sources.

[NOTE: During the oral defense, the student researcher should be prepared to present a hard copy of all
reference materials cited in the research paper. Electronic copies may likewise be allowed in certain
circumstances.]

A. Pagination: The References section begins on a new page.

B. Alignment: Left indent, with a ragged right margin.

C. Heading: ―References‖ (centered on the first line below the running head)

D. Heading and sub-headings: For headings, flush left, boldface, uppercase and lowercase letters. For
sub-headings (e.g., Foreign, Local studies), flush left, indent 10 spaces from left margin, boldface,
uppercase and lowercase letters.

E. Order of Headings: Whichever materials are used as references, these are presented in the following
order:

Books

Published and Unpublished Research Studies

Local

Foreign

Manuals, Journals and Periodicals

Theses and Dissertations

Documents (e.g., reports, conferences, policy, lecture notes)

Materials from Electronic Media

F. Format: The references begin on the line following the ―References‖ heading (double-spaced just like
the rest of the manuscript). The first line of each citation begins flush left, and the second and subsequent
lines are indented five spaces (a style called ―hanging indent‖).

In the references, insert only one space following all punctuation (except for abbreviations, which do not
have spaces after a period). However, when providing a digital object identifier (DOI), do not put a space
after the entry [DOI:].

Entries are organized alphabetically by surnames of first authors. Most reference entries have the
following components:

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1. Authors: Authors are listed in the same order as specified in the source, using surnames and initials.
Commas separate all authors. When there are eight or more authors, list the first six authors followed
by three ellipses (. . .) and then the final author. If no author is identified, the title of the document
begins the reference.

2. Year of Publication: In parentheses following authors, with a period following the closing
parenthesis. If no publication date is identified, use ―n.d.‖ in parentheses following the authors.

3. Source Reference: Includes title, journal, volume, pages (for journal article) or title, city of
publication, publisher (for book). Italicize title of books, titles of periodicals, and periodical volume
numbers. Only the first letter of the first word of the title of books and articles is capitalized, with the
exception of proper nouns. The first word of subtitles (after a colon) is also capitalized.

4. Electronic Retrieval Information: Electronic retrieval information may include (a) uniform resource
locators (URLs), more commonly known as a web address, and (b) digital object identifiers (DOIs)
which are unique alphanumeric identifiers that lead users to digital source material. To learn whether
an article has been assigned a DOI, go to http://www.crossref.org/guestquery/.

 When an assigned DOI is available (both for print or online sources), it should be included
on the reference. If an article was not assigned a DOI, then end reference with page
numbers.

 Do not provide an entire URL that leads directly to the article, but rather just the journal web
page address.

 For articles retrieved from databases, include the URL of the journal home page. Database
information is not needed.

 URLs/web addresses are not underlined (even though software will automatically
underline).

 To remove the underlining in word processing software, highlight the URL, hold down the
Ctrl key, then type the letter U twice.

 Do not end citation with a period if you include the URL

 Date of retrieval is no longer included for material that is the ―version of record‖ / final
version

 Date of retrieval is included for source materials that may change over time. Examples:
individual web pages, website with no authors or page numbers, figures, images, photos, and
tables.

 Avoid providing URLs of sites as Questia, FindArticles, Ingentaconnect, InfoQuest,

Infotrieve, HighBeam, etc. They are vendors who index and sell articles – they are not
journal publishers.

15 | P a g e
  Use caution when locating articles that appear on personal web pages – even on author’s
website – because the article you see may not be the final published version.

G. Examples of Sources:

[Note: The first two examples below illustrate the appropriate format in the actual manuscript – i.e.,
the reference materials should be double-spaced, hanging incident, and with a ragged right margin.
Due to pace considerations, however, the succeeding examples are presented using singe spaces.]

1. Book

Polit, D.E. & Beck, C.T. (2012). Nursing research : Generating and assessing evidence for

nursing practice (9th ed.). Philadelphia, USA: Wolters Kluwer Health/ Lippincott Williams

& Wilkins.

Venzon, L. & Venzon R. (2010). Introduction to nursing research: The quest for quality nursing

through evidence-based practice (3rd ed.). Quezon City, Philippines: C&E Publishing, Inc.

2. Edited Book

Abbott, A. A. (Ed.). (2000). Alcohol tobacco, and other drugs: Challenging myths, assessing
theories, individualizing interventions. Washington, DC: National Association of Scoial
Workers Press.
[Note: For multiple editors, use ―Eds.‖ as abbreviation.]

3. Article or chapter in an edited book

Platt, S., Bacareza, M.C., & Margallo, S. (2002). Sustaining the humanitarian work force:
Increasing violence, increasing vulnerability. In Y. Danieli (Ed.), Sharing the front line and
the back hills: Peacekeepers, humanitarian aid workers and the media in the midst of crisis
(pp. 2014-210). Amityville, NY: Baywood Publishing Company, Inc./United Nations.

4. Book with no author identified

American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders
(4th ed., text rev.). Washington, DC: Author.

PHINMA Araullo University. (2007). Student Manual (2007 ed.). Cabanatuan City, Philippines:
Author.

5. Entry in a reference source / encyclopedia – with author

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 Moore, C. (1991). Mass Spectrometry. In Encyclopedia of chemical technology (4th ed.) (Vol. 15,
pp. 1071-1094). New York, NY: Wiley.

6. Entry in a reference source / encyclopedia – no author identified

Ivory-billed woodpecker. (2002). In The new Encyclopedia Britanica. (Vol. 5, p.). 15th ed.
Chicago: Encyclopedia Britannica.

7. Journal article with DOI, print version

Mursynski, J., & Degelman, D. (1996). Body language of women and judgments of vulnerability
to sexual assault. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 26, 1617-1626. DOI: 10.1111/j. 1559-
1816.1996.tb00088.x

8. Journal article without DOI, print version

9. Theses and dissertations – published
10. Theses and dissertations – unpublished
11. Conference paper as part of a book of proceedings
12. Poster presented at conference
13. Unpublished manuscript / report
14. Policy document
15. Lecture notes
16. Course material - print
17. Journal article without DOI – retrieved online
18. Abstract found on publisher website – abstract as original source
19. Abstract from a secondary database
20. Online dictionary
21. Online encyclopedia – with author
22. Online encyclopedia – no author
23. Graphic representation of data derived from a data set/ data bank
24. Image, figure, illustration, photo or table
25. Image – retrieved online
26. Map – retrieved online
27. Informally published web document
28. Informally published web document - no date
29. Informally published web document - no author, no date
30. Newsletter – retrieved online
31. Individual web page
32. Website with no author or page numbers
33. Conference panel abstract – retrieved online
34. Magazine article - print version
35. Magazine article - retrieved online
36. Newspaper article - print version
37. Newspaper article - no author, print version
38. Newspaper article - retrieved online
39. Electronic version of print book

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40. Electronic-only book
41. Film / Movie / Motion picture
42. Online video / audio

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21 | P a g e
Proposal Presentation

1. The visual aids/ PowerPoint® presentation should only serve as a guide.

o You should be familiar with you part of the presentation and avoid reading from it the
entire time. Face the defense panel for the most part of the presentation.
o The defense panel has read your paper beforehand (if manuscript was submitted within
the prescribed period), and the visual aids will simply guide them in further evaluating
the research proposal/final paper and the oral defense.
2. Ensure that the actual presentation stays within the allotted time for each group.
o Remember that there are other groups to present.
o The defense panel will also ask questions soon after your presentation.
3. During the Q and A, address your response to the defense panel member who raised the
question or comment.
o Maintain composure and remain courteous at all times, even when comments or
questions become hostile or adversarial.
4. In cases where the defense panel raises a comment about something not included in the paper
but should be there, or that you included something that should not be there-
o Take responsibility for these omissions and commissions
o Be gracious and thank the panel member for bringing these to your attention.
o Make sure that these are properly corrected when submitting revisions.
5. You will be informed of the defense panel’s evaluation of your presentation as well as areas
needing revisions in your paper, if any.

AFTER THE PRESENTATION

6. Take note of all areas that need reworking on – based on the panel’s written notes as well as
your group recorder’s notes – and ensure that you comply with all these accordingly.
7. Submit any required revisions the earliest time possible, most especially major revision, so you
have adequate time to further comply should initial revisions done still prove unsatisfactory.
8. Take note of the prescribed formats in submitting the final manuscript:
o Research I – research proposal in paper-bound form
o Research II – the final approved research paper is book-bound with plastic cover and
embossed letterings on the cover (contents same as the title page) and spine (title only).
9. Comply with submission deadlines and requirements.
o Bookbinding takes time, so students are advised to bear this in mind when planning
activities.
o Moreover, it will be the responsibility of each group to secure the individual signatures
of their respective research adviser and defense panel chairperson and members for ALL
copies of the final and approved research paper BEFORE submission to the Office of the
dean.

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 B. GUIDELINES IN PREPARING THE POWERPOINT®PRESENTATION

 Number your slides to make communication easier as you

refer back to them during the actual presentation
DO’s  Use bullet points, to the extent possible
 Where appropriate, you may just use a title slide and present
details extemporaneously.
 Avoid using bright colors
 Avoid using small fonts
 So not use too bright, too dark, too cluttered and
DON’T’s inappropriate backgrounds/ templates
 Do not use sound effects if using animation or slide show
format

Part IA: OVERVIEW – For Research I

1. Title of proposed research

 One Slide
 Title in uppercase, bold, centered
 Names of authors under title; surnames first followed by first name/s
 Level, Block, and Group No.

2. Rationale
 One or two slides
 Substantiate rationale for the study and research problem with data, statistics,
and/or relevant pictures or illustrations
 When citing external data or statistics, include source and year below it

3. The Research Question

 One slide → List all research questions that appear on submitted proposal

4. Theoretical Framework
a) If accompanied by a figure or diagram:
o Use one slide per theory used
o Make sure that each theory is properly correlated to your study
b) If no accompanying figure or diagram:
o List theories/concepts and their proponents in one slide
o Correlate to your study, and describe the correlation
extemporaneously

5. Conceptual Framework/Paradigm of the Study

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  One slide → Show figure and summarize
6. Significance of the Study
 One slide
 List down the groups, institutions, and other stakeholders enumerated in your
research report, including the nursing profession, then briefly describe each

7. Hypotheses/ Assumptions
 One slide → List down exactly what appear on submitted proposal

8. Scope and Delimitation

 One slide → Summarize

9. Definition of Terms
 One slide
 Include only the more important terms that are operationally defined for the study
(e.g., essential terms used in the title)

10. Review of Related Literature

 One or two slides
 Only include key points of relevant literature cited; include main author and year
 Include previous local and foreign studies conducted related to your research
 Make sure that everyone in the group is familiar with the details of any studies cited

11. Methodology
a) First slide – the research design, research setting, study locale, sources of
data/study participants, sampling type and technique, and sample size.
b) Second slide- Research Instrument
 Identify instrument to be used
 Justification for the choice of data collection method
 Correlate how the instrument can provide answer to each research question
 Describe validation of instrument
c) Third slide – Data Gathering Procedure
 List down proposed steps to be undertaken in collecting data
d) Fourth slide – Data Analysis Plan
 List down proposed statistical treatment of data for each of the research
question
e) Fifth slide – Protection of Rights
 List study participants’ right that you intend to protect during the conduct of
the study
 Extemporaneously, describe how you intend to protect each of these rights

12. Last slide – includes a simple “Thank You” slide

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Part IB: OVERVIEW – For Research II

A. Research Title
o One slide
o Title in bold letters, centered
o Names of authors under the title; surnames first followed by firstname/s
o Level, Block, and Group Number
B. Acknowledgement
o One slide
o List names of faculty adviser and others who helped you complete the study
o Just summarize; there is no need to repeat every word written on the final paper.
Remember that all defense panel members already have a copy of it.
C. The Research Problem
o One or two slides
o Substantiate with data, statistics, and/or relevant pictures the rationale for the
study and the research problem.
o When citing external data or statistics, include source and year below it.
o In the event that you intend to use photographs taken during the conduct of the
study, do ensure that anonymity of the study participants is maintained as is
expected of a researcher who promised to guarantee that their rights are not
violated.
D. The Research Questions
a) One slide → List all research questions that appear on submitted proposal
E. Theoretical Framework
 If accompanied by a figure or diagram:
 Use one slide per theory used
 Make sure that each theory is properly correlated to your study
F. Conceptual Framework
o One slide – for the paradigm of the study
o Show figure and summarize
G. Significance of the Study
o First slide – list down the groups, institutions, and other stakeholders enumerated
in your research report then briefly describe each.
o Second slide – list down applicability of your findings to your respective field
(practice, education, research) locally and nationally
H. Literature Review
o One or two slides
o Only include key points of relevant literature cited; include main author and year
o Include previous local and foreign studies conducted related to your research
o Make sure that everyone in the group is familiar with the details of any studies cited
o Always be guided by the hierarchy of evidence. The use of lower level evidence
should be justified.

25 | P a g e
 Reminder to Research II students:
o Keep part I brief but concise to ensure that Parts II and III are allotted adequate
time during the presentation.

Part II: METHODS AND ANALYSIS

A. Research Methods
o Identify research method used to investigate each question
o Provide rationale for each method
o Cite reliability and validity for methods used
B. Tables, graphs and charts
o Present relevant data to demonstrate results of the study
C. Analysis
o Highlight critical findings that validate or disapprove your hypotheses and/or
assumptions

Part III: CONCLUSION

A. Findings
o List findings
o List relevance of these findings to your field of study
B. Limitations
o Describe limitations that emerged during the research process
o Describe measures undertaken to address these limitations encountered
C. Recommendations
o If your paper proposed to come up with recommendations as an output of the study,
then list down these recommendations.
o If your paper proposed to come up with recommendations as an output of the study,
cite implications of your study findings (particularly in relation to your field of study)
o You may also:
a) Recommend pathways and alternatives for future research studies
b) Identify a logical continuation of your work for yourself and future researchers
 As your last slide, include a “Thank you for your kind attention” by way of ending the
presentation.

Reminders:
 Feeling nervous during the oral defense is a natural reaction. You
already know that distress can hamper your performance, so turn this
into eustress, instead.

26 | P a g e
  Remember that this is YOUR paper. YOUR work. YOU are expert on
YOUR paper. YOU just have to prove it to the defense panel.

 And, during oral defense, your Research Instructor will be there with
you – as your supporter and not the usual tormentor. ☺

Part III: EVALUATION OF THE STUDY

STRUCTURAL PARAMETERS FOR THE EVALUATION OF RESEARCH OUTPUT

A. Research I
1. Conceptual Phase
2. Design and Planning Phase
3. Course Requirement – Research Proposal
B. Research II
1. Empirical Phase
2. Analytical Phase
3. Dissemination Phase
4. Course Requirement – Research Paper and Poster

THE RESEARCH PROPOSAL

 A proposal which is judge ready for the oral examination is one that is free
from all but minor problems (e.g., typographical or grammatical errors;
errors in calculation, labels for tables, nomenclature; need for minor changes
to improve study procedures).
 A proposal which is judged to contain one or more major flaws may not
proceed to oral examination. Major flaws include serious problems in
conceptualization, inappropriate and faulty applications of research
methodology, neglect of content that is vital to the proposal, illogical
argument, and seriously flawed writing and presentation. If unattended, a
major flaw is one that would seriously compromise the overall integrity and
validity of the study. The students are given an opportunity to revise the
proposal to bring it to the acceptable scholarly standard for examination.

OBJECTIVES OF THE FIRST ORAL DEFENSE / PRESENTATION

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 A. For Research I Students
1. To present the research proposal succinctly.
2. To explain, clarify and/or justify decision-making related to the
development of the research proposal.
3. To respond to questions and critique about the research plan.
B. For the Faculty/Evaluation Committee
1. To evaluate the clarity and logic of the students’ presentation.
2. To assess the students’ readiness for conducting the research, specifically in
relation to their understanding and application of substantive and
methodological knowledge relevant to the proposal, and feasibility of the
research plan.
3. To ensure that the proposal is sound and meets expected standards and
norms within their respective health science discipline.

OBJECTIVES OF THE FINAL ORAL DEFENSE / PRESENTATION

A. For Research II Students

1. To present the study in a concise manner.
2. To communicate their points of view to the evaluation committee.
3. To respond to questions and critique about the study.
B. For the Faculty / Evaluation Committee
1. To appraise the students’ preparation, mastery and application of knowledge
in research.
2. To assess the students’ ability to conceptualize, analyze and synthesize
knowledge from their field’s perspective.
3. To determine how well each of the students understands the group research
study.
4. To evaluate the students’ potential to communicate ideas and points of view.
5. To evaluate the students’ potential to design a study, conduct research and
committee.
6. To assess the students’ ability to specifically address the questions asked by
the committee.
7. To determine if, in fact, the students did the work that is expounded in the
thesis.

EVALUATION PARAMETERS

 Refer to succeeding pages (pp. - ) for samples on how the written report, oral
defense, and poster presentations may be evaluated.

28 | P a g e
 Sample 6: EVALUATION OF THE RESEARCH PROPOSAL
(QUANTITATIVE STUDY)
PARAMETERS YES NO N/A COMMENTS
I. Title of the Study
1. Does the title of the study properly encapsulate
the main problem of the research?
2. Is it stated clearly and specifically?
3. Does it contain no more than 15 substantial
words?
II. Research Problem
4. Is the problem testable, i.e., is it possible to
collect data to answer the questions asked?
5. Are the sub-problems completely researchable
units?
III. Significance
6. Is the study worth undertaking?
7. Is the problem relevant to the needs of the
society?
8. Is the problem significant enough to add
existing knowledge?
9. Will the answer to the problem have practical
application?
10. Will the answer to the problem improve
professional practice/ health service?
IV. Frame work
11. Were the chosen theories appropriate for the
study?
12. Were the chosen theories adequately
correlated to the study?
13. Does the research paradigm clearly inform you
about the scope of the study?
14. Is the research paradigm consistent with the
content of the study?
V. Hypotheses
15. Are the hypotheses testable (i.e., are they informs
that can be quantified or measured?
16. Are they deduced from the theory/ concept of the
study?
17. Are they related to the main problem or the sub-
problems given by the researchers?
18. Are they clearly started?
19. Is there a clear relationship between the hypotheses
and the data to be collected?
VI. Assumptions
20. Are the assumptions clearly started?
21. Are the propositions acceptable as assumptions?.
22. Are the assumptions related to the study?
VII. Scope, Limitation and Delimitation
23. Is the scope of the study specified?
24. Are the study delimitations specified?

29 | P a g e
 25. Where the delimitations justified (if applicable)?
26. Are the anticipated limitations (if any) acceptable?
27. Were measures proposed on how to deal with the
anticipated limitations (if any)?
VIII. Definition of Terms
28. Are all the terms that need to be defined found in the
Definition of Terms?
29. Are all the terms defined operationally?
30. For the conceptual definitions (if any), were the
sources of definitions properly cited?
IX. Review of Literature
31. Does the proposal include a review of literature?
32. Has there been an adequate a review of literature
and studies related to the problem to be investigated?
33. Does the review include local literature?
34. Does the review include local studies?
35. Is the review presented systematically and logically?
36. Does the review provide evidence, outline,
discussion and paraphrasing?
37. Does the review point out similarities and
differences with the study to be conducted?
38. Were the results of the review synthesized
properly?
X. Methodology
39. Is the method of research identified, well organized
and clearly defined?
40. Is the research design correct/appropriate?
41. Have all the major variables been identified in the
design?
42. Will the proposed strategy obtain the answers to the
research questions?
43. Were the procedures for data collection adequately
described?
44. Was there mention of training/preparation for
data collectors?
45. Does the manuscript include a time table of
activities?
46. Were copies of communication permits included in
the manuscript as appendices?
47. Do these communication permits indicate the
specific names of addressees?
XI. Population Sampling and Instruments
48. Is the research population clearly defined?
49. Is the target population suitable to the objectives?
50. Is the sample clearly representative of the
population to which the results are to be generalized?
51. Is the sampling method appropriate?
52. Are there adequate safeguards to remove sampling
bias?
53. Are the instruments for gathering data properly
identified?
54. Does the proposal include specific details of the
proposed research instrument/s(e.g., questionnaire,
interview schedule, etc.)

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55. Is the validation process indicated?
56. Is the validation process clearly defined?
XII. Statistical Treatment
57. Is the data analysis procedure identified?
58. Is the statistical tool appropriate for the analysis of
data?
59. Is the statistical design appropriate for the
hypotheses (if applicable)
XIII. Protection of Rights
60. Does the proposal include provisions for protection
of study participant’s human rights?
61. Are the proposed procedures to safeguard other
rights of study participants appropriate?
62. Were the provisions for human rights protection
properly correlated with the study?
63. If vulnerable groups will be involved in the study,
does the report describe special precautions to be
instituted?
XIII. Presentation
64. Does the manuscript indicate an overall and
relatedness of all the parts?
65. Overall, did the manuscript indicate abide by
standard format prescribed by the CHS?
66. Were typographical and grammatical errors, if any,
limited to a few?
67. Was there an appropriate use of the proper tenses
within the body of the manuscript? (i.e., the proposal
should use future tense )
68. Were sources of information properly cited within
the body of the manuscript?
69. Does the proposal include a references section?
70. Did the references section adhere to prescribed
format?
71. Are all citations within the body found in the
References section and vice versa?
72. Are there evidences of plagiarism / copy-pasting of
online materials within the body of the manuscript?
73. Does the manuscript include the proponents’ CVS?
74. Was the manuscript submitted within the
prescribed period?
GENERAL REMARKS / SUGGESTIONS

OVERALL EVALUATION

 Approved
 Disapproved
 Revise, no need to re-submit
 Revise, must re-submit

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 Sample 7: EVALUATION OF THE RESEARCH PROPOSAL
(QUALITATIVE STUDY)
PARAMETERS Yes No N/A COMMENTS
I. Title of the Study
1. Is the title a good one, suggesting the key
phenomenon and the group or community
under study?
2. Is it started clearly and specifically?
3. Does it contain no more than 15
substantial words?
II. Research Problem
4. Is the problem stated unambiguously and is
easy to identify?
5. Is there any cogent and persuasive argument
for the conduct of this new study?
6. Is there a good match between the research
problem on the one hand, and paradigm,
tradition, and methods on the other?
III. Research Questions
7. Are they explicitly stated?
8. If they are not explicitly stated, is their absence
justified?
9. Are they consistent with the study’s
philosophical basis, underlying tradition, or
ideological orientation?
IV. Review of Literature
10. Does the review provide evidence, outline,
discussion, and paraphrasing?
11. Does the report adequately summarize the
existing body of knowledge related to the
problem od phenomenon of interest?
12. Does the literature review provide a sound
basis for the new study?
V. Conceptual Underpinnings / Framework
13. Are key concepts adequately defined
conceptually?
14. Is the philosophical basis, underlying tradition,
conceptual framework, or ideological
orientation made explicit?
15. Is the philosophical basis, underlying tradition,
conceptual framework or, ideological
orientation appropriate to the problem?
VI. Scope, Delimitation, and Limitation
16. Is the scope of the study explicitly stated?
17. Are the study delimitations clearly specified?
18. Was a justifiable rationale provided for
excluding certain sections of the population?
19. Does the report identify any anticipated /
potential limitation during the conduct of the
study?
20. Is there mention of measures to be adopted in

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 dealing with stated limitation (if any)?
21. Does the report articulate the implications of
these anticipated limitations on the study
findings?
22. *Were there other potential limitations that
you identified but which the report failed to
acknowledge?
VII. Definition of Terms
23. Are all the terms that need to be identified
found in the Definition of Terms
24. Are all the terms defined operationally?
25. For conceptual definitions (if any), were the
sources properly cited?
VIII. Research Design and Tradition
26. Is the reason for choosing particular research
design stated?
27. Is the identified research tradition (if any)
congruent with the methods to be used to
collect and analyze data?
28. Is there mention of the amount of time to be
spent in the field or with study participants?
29. Is there mention of the number of contacts to
be made with the study participants?
30. Is there mention of and discussion on the role
of the researchers?
IX. Sample and Setting
31. Was the group or population of interest
adequately described?
32. Were the criteria for selecting study
participants explained and justified?
33. Was the setting described in sufficient detail?
34. Is there mention on the approach to be used to
recruit participants or gain access to the site?
35. Is the approach to recruit participants or gain
access to the site appropriate?
36. Was there mention of sample size?
37. Was the justification provided for the sample
size?
X. Data Collection
38. Are the proposed methods of data collection
appropriate?
39. Does the report include a draft of the proposed
method of data collection?
40. Does the report include methods to achieve
triangulation?
XI. Procedures
41. Are data collection procedures adequately
described?
42. Are recording procedures adequately
described?
43. Are procedures for transcribing recorded data
adequately described?
44. Does the report mention procedures to be
undertaken to minimize bias?
45. Is there mention of training / preparation for
data collectors?

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 46. Is there mention of securing permission from
appropriate authorities?
47. Does the report include a time table of
activites?
XII. Enhancement of Trustworthiness
48. Does the report include strategies to enhance
trustworthiness / integrity of the study?
49. Are the proposed methods to enhance
trustworthiness appropriate and sufficiently?
50. Did the researchers document research
procedures and decision processes sufficiently?
51. Is there mention of researcher reflexivity?
XIII. Protection of Rights
52. Was the method of gaining informed consent
from the participants described?
53. Were maintenance / preservation of informant
anonymity and confidentiality described?
54. Are the proposed procedures to safeguard
other rights of study participants appropriate?
55. If vulnerable groups will be involved in the
study, does the report describe special
precautions to be instituted?
XIV. Data Analysis
56. Are the proposed data management and data
analysis methods sufficiently described?
57. Was the proposed verification of data analysis
described, and by whom?
58. Is the proposed data analysis strategy
compatible with the research tradition and
with the nature and type of data gathered?
XV. Presentation
59. Is the report well-written, organized, and
sufficiently detailed for critical analysis?
60. Does the manuscript indicate an overall
coherence and relatedness of all the parts?
61. Overall, did the manuscript abide by standard
format prescribed by the CHS?
62. Were typographical and grammatical errors, if
any, limited to a few?
63. Was there an appropriate use of the use proper
tenses within the body of the manuscript? (i.e.,
the proposal should use future tense)
64. Were sources of information properly cited
within the body of the manuscript?
65. Does the proposal include a References
section?

VI. Assumptions
20. Are the assumptions clearly stated?
21. Are the propositions acceptable as assumptions?
22. Are the assumptions related to the study?
VII. Scope, Limitation and Delimitation
23. Is the scope of the study specified?Ñ
24. Are the study delimitations specified?

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25. Were the delimitations justified (if applicable)?
26. Are the anticipated limitations (if any) acceptable?
27. Were measures proposed on how to deal with the
anticipated limitations (if any)?
VIII. Definition of Terms
28. Are all the terms that need to be defined found in the
Definitions of Terms?
29. Are all the terms defined operationally?
30. For the conceptual definitions (if any), were the
sources of definitions properly cited?
IX. Review of Literature
31. Does the proposal include a review of literature?
32. Has there been an adequate exploration of literature
and studies related to the problem to be investigated?
33. Does the review include local literature?
34. Does the review include local studies?
35. Is the review presented systematically and logically?
36. Does the review provide evidence, outline,
discussion and paraphrasing?
37. Does the review point out similarities and
differences with the study to be conducted?
38. Were the results of the review synthesized properly?
X. Methodology
39. Is the method of research identified, well organized
and clearly defined?
40. IS the research design correct/ appropriate?
41. Have all the major variables been identified in the
design?
42. Will the proposed strategy obtain the answers to the
research questions?
43. Were the procedures for data collection adequately
described?
44. Was there mention of training/preparation for data
collectors?
45. Does the manuscript include a time table of
activities?
46. Were copies of communication permits included in
the manuscript as appendices?
47. Do these communication permits indicate the
specific names of addresses?
XI. Population Sampling and Instruments
48. Is the research population clearly defined?
49. Is the target population suitable to the objectives?
50. Is the sample clearly representative of the
population to which the results are to be generalized?
51. Is the sampling method appropriate?
52. Are there adequate safeguards to remove sampling
bias?
53. Are the instruments for gathering data properly
identified?
54. Does the proposal include specific details of the
proposed research instrument/s (e.g., questionnaire,
interview schedule, etc.)?

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55. Is the validation process indicated?

56. Is the validation process clearly defined?

XII. Statistical Treatment
57. Is the data analysis procedure identified?
58. Is the statistical tool appropriate for the analysis of
data?
59. Is the statistical design appropriate for the
hypotheses (if applicable)?
XIII. Protection of Rights
60. Does the proposal include provisions for protection
of study participants’ human rights?
61. Are the proposed procedures to safeguard other
rights of study participants appropriate?
62. Were the provisions for human rights protection
properly correlated with the study?
63. If vulnerable groups will be involved in the study,
does the report describe special precautions to be
instituted?
XIV. Presentation
64. Does the manuscript indicate an overall coherence
and relatedness of all the parts?
65. Overall, did the manuscript abide by standard
format prescribed by the CHS?
66. Were typographical and grammatical errors, if any,
limited to a few?
67. Was there an appropriate use of the proper tenses
within the body of the manuscript? (i.e., the proposal
should use future tense)
68. Were sources of information properly cited within
the body of the manuscript?
69. Does the proposal include a Reference Section?
70. Did the Reference section adhere to prescribed
format?
71. Are all citations within the body found in the
References section and vice versa?
72. Are there evidences of plagiarism/copy-pasting of
online materials within the body of the manuscript?
73. Does the manuscript include the proponents’ CVs?
74. Was the manuscript submitted within the
prescribed period?

GENERAL REMARKS / SUGGESTIONS

OVERALL EVALUATION

 Approved ___________________________________________________
 Disapproved ___________________________________________________
 Revise, no need to re-submit ___________________________________________________
 Revise, must re-submit ___________________________________________________

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