CETOGENEZA

H3C-C-CH2-COOH CH3-CH-CH2-COOH H3C-C-CH3

O OH O
acid acetoacetic acid -hidroxi butiric acetona

2 CH3-CO~S-CoA CH3-CO-CH2-CO~SCoA + CoA-SH

CH3-CO~S-CoA CoA-SH OH
2 CH3-CO~S-CoA CH3-CO-CH2-CO~SCoA HOOC-CH2-C-CH2-CO~SCoA
CoA-SH HMG-CoA
sintaza CH3
H2O
HMG-CoA

colesterol
 BIOSINTEZA ACIZILOR GRAŞI

Reacţia generală:

8 CH3-CO~S-CoA + 14 (NADPH + H+) + 7 ATP + 7 H2O → CH3-(CH2)14-COOH + 8 CoA-SH +

14 NADP+ + 7 ADP + 7 P

1. Transportul acetil-CoA

COOH
CH2-COOH CoA-SH
citrat liaza CH2
HO-C-COOH CH3-CO~SCoA +
C=O
CH2-COOH ATP ADP + P CH3
acid citric
oxalacetat

2. Carboxilarea acetil-CoA

ATP ADP + P
CH3-CO~SCoA + HCO - HOOC-CH2-CO~SCoA
3
acetil-CoA
carboxilaza malonil-CoA

3. Sinteza acidului palmitic

2
 CoA-SH
E-SH CH3-CO-S-CoA E-S-CO-CH3 E-SH

transacilaza
ACP-SH CoA-SH ACP-S-CO-CH2-COOH CO2 ACP-S-CO-CH2-CO-CH3
HOOC-CH2-CO~SCoA

NADP+
NADPH + H+
NADPH + H+ NADP+ E-SH E-SH

ACP-S-CO-CH2-CH-CH3 H2O ACP-S-CO-CH=CH-CH3

OH

E-SH E-S-CO-CH2-CH2-CH3 E-S-CO-CH2-CH2-CH3

ACP-S-CO-CH2-CH2-CH3 ACP-SH ACP-S-CO-CH2-COOH CO2

CoA-SH
HOOC-CH2-CO~SCoA

H2O
E-SH E-SH
E-SH
+ CH -(CH ) -COOH
3 2 14
ACP-SH acid palmitic
ACP-S-CO-CH2-CO-CH2-CH2-CH3 ACP-S-CO-(CH2)14-CH3

4. Elongarea acizilor graşi

CoA-SH
CH3-(CH2)14-CO~S-CoA + HOOC-CH2-CO~SCoA
palmitoil-CoA malonil-CoA CO2

NADP+
NADPH + H+
CH3-(CH2)14-CO-CH2-CO~S-CoA CH3-(CH2)14-CH-CH2-CO~S-CoA
HO

NADPH + H+ NADP+
CH3-(CH2)14-CH=CH-CO~S-CoA
CH3-(CH2)14-CH2-CH2-CO~S-CoA
H2O stearoil-CoA

3
 5. Desaturarea (dehidrogenarea) acizilor graşi
1/2 O2 H2O

CH3-(CH2)14-CH2-CH2-CO~S-CoA CH3-(CH2)7-CH=CH-(CH2)7-CO~S-CoA
oleil-CoA

2 cit b5 (Fe2+) 2 cit b5 (Fe3+)

2H+

FAD FADH2

NADH + H+ NAD+

CH3-(CH2)4-CH=CH-CH2-CH=CH-(CH2)7-CO~S-CoA
linoleil-CoA
desaturare

CH3-(CH2)4-CH=CH-CH2-CH=CH-CH2-CH=CH-(CH2)4-CO~S-CoA
-linolenil-CoA
elongare

CH3-(CH2)4-CH=CH-CH2-CH=CH-CH2-CH=CH-(CH2)6-CO~S-CoA
dihomo -linolenil-CoA
desaturare

CH3-(CH2)4-(CH=CH-CH2)4-CH2-CH2-CO~S-CoA
arahidonil-CoA

4
 ACIZI GRAŞI ESENŢIALI

ω-3
CH3-(CH2-CH=CH)3-(CH2)7-COOH acid α-linolenic (ALA)
CH3-(CH2-CH=CH)5-(CH2)3-COOH acid eicosapentaenoic (EPA)
CH3-(CH2-CH=CH)6-(CH2)2-COOH acid docosahexaenoic (DHA)

ω-6
CH3-(CH2)4-(CH=CH-CH2)2-(CH2)6-COOH acid linoleic (LA)
CH3-(CH2)4-(CH=CH-CH2)3-(CH2)5-COOH acid dihomo-gama-linolenic (DGLA)
CH3-(CH2)4-(CH=CH-CH2)4-(CH2)2-COOH acid linoleic (LA)