Fuzzy Logic Based Control Of Variable Wind

Energy System
Trisha Bora
Dept. of Electrical Engineering
National Institute of Technology
Durgapur,India
tb.16u10332@btech.nitdgp.ac.in
Prateekee Chatterjee
Dept. of Electrical Engineering
National Institute of Technology
Durgapur, India
pc.16u10001@btech.nitdgp.ac.in
Saradindu Ghosh
Dept. of Electrical Engineering
National Institute of Technology
Durgapur,India
sghosh@ee.nitdgp.ac.in

Abstract—The wind energy has a high penetration in smart
grid applications. Accurate communion of the wind energy
conversion system and the present grid is thereby required.
A new control plan is presented in this paper for coordinated
operation of variable speed wind energy conversion in smart grid
application. A variable speed wind energy conversion systems
using Squirrel-cage Induction Generator is studied. From the
information gathered a system is designed and analyzed under
fault. The system works with total coordination as the controllers
and converters are appropriately designed. A droop controller
is used during fault which regulates the torque and speed of
generator thus limiting the generation. Further, for performance
betterment, a fuzzy controller is incorporated for optimization
of output power of the wind turbine with wind speed variation.
There is an increase of the voltage at the DC link and in the
speed of generator with the proposed controller.
Index Terms—Wind Turbine Generator; Fuzzy Logic; WECS;
WT
I. I NTRODUCTION
The most used wind energy conversion systems (WECS) are
variable-speed wind turbines(WT). These have higher number
of advantages in comparison to fixed-speed WT. The most
important advantage is that with respect to optimal control
operation, there is decoupling between the generating system
and the grid frequency making these flexible when compared.
The variable-speed operation also lets to continuously adapt
(accelerated or decelerated) the rotational speed of the wind
turbine so as to the turbine can operate with the highest
aerodynamic efficiency and constantly. Additionally, taking
a large range of speed of winds the variable-speed WT
can achieve maximum aerodynamic efficiency [6]. In recent
days it has become imperative to design efficient control
mechanisms to regulate the power generation in wind systems
and considerable work has been done on the same as discussed
in [2 - 5]. A thorough analysis has been presented in [1],
in the form of a specific case study. There are two main
objectives of control: in any process, these are protection and
optimization of operation. The control of WECS is important
by a higher degree. This is due to the fact that WECS is
mainly characterized by highly variable, unpredicted nature of
the wind and it speed. There are three major subsystems of
the control of variable-speed WECS control system:
• Control of aerodynamic power: through control of pitch
of the propellers
• control of generator: variable-speed operation and maxi-
mum energy capturing
• grid power transfer control: through power electronics
converter
Pollution levels are rising at an alarming rate and conven-
tional sources of energy are poisoning the planet’s habitable
nature. Renewable sources of energy need to be adopted
efficiently. To that end it seemed prudent to work on the
coordinated approach in the area of non-conventional energy
sources. As the world electrical network grows, the control
strategies governing power systems stability becomes vitally
important. More and more houses need connecting to the grid
every day; healthcare, offices, factories - an ever-increasing
demand of power has arisen in today’s world However, mo-
mentary fluctuations or fault may cause huge damage to the
power grid and result in power outage in wide areas. In order to
maintain the power grid efficiency, it is imperative that proper
control mechanisms are put in place. In this work, the focus
is mainly on two issues:
• To look into the performance of a droop controller in
the machine side to recover the voltage during fault
conditions.
• Use of a fuzzy logic controller to optimise maximum
power output at different wind speeds.
II. MODELING OF WECS
The characteristics of the presented approach in this work
include: (i) by de-loading control embedded in the machine
side converter (MSC) to manage the imbalance in power and
(ii) Using a FLC to control the torque output against the wind
speed. The control aspects of the Induction Generator based
Wind Energy Conversion System (WECS) mainly include the
Wind Turbine modeling, the Machine Side control and the
Grid Side control design. This work is restricted to the WT
modeling and the MSC as shown in Fig1:
An MSC controller [7] is drafted for regulating the generator
speed and ensures such a WT operation which is optimum. The
WECS’s FRT capability is enhanced. This is done with the
help of a de-loading droop and incorporated as an element in
the control mechanism. The function of the de- loading droop
is to maintain the voltage at the DC-link in pre-specified limits.
This is thus active during faults. Fig2 shows stator current (is )
 the WECS. The droop controller reduces power generated by
the WECS during fault when power imbalance occurs between
grid side and machine side. The speed controller regulates the
speed of the induction generator as the system conditions vary
either with wind speed or grid conditions. The Direct Torque
and Flux controller (DTC) is used in directly controlling the
torque and stator flux of a machine. This is done by using
inverter voltage vectors which are chosen from an optimal
switching table.

III. PROPOSED SYSTEM WITH FUZZY LOGIC

CONTROLLER
Fig. 1. Blocks of WECS without any control mechanism
The entire simulation and implementation of the WECS
system has been done in three stages. In the first stage, the
system configuration is simulated without using any controller
and rotor current(ir ) and it also shows the linkages of the flux
as shown in FigFig1. In the second stage, different controllers
of rotor φr space phasor- in two frames namely stationary
have been implemented in the system to improve its per-
frame and the special reference frame.
formance as shown in Fig3. The third stage comprises of
addition of the proposed Fuzzy Logic Controller(FLC) to the
system to further bring about improvements in the outputs
of the complete system. Fig4 represents the system with
the inclusion of the FLC. All the stages of implementation
and their corresponding results are provided in detail in the
following sections.
Fuzzy logic is a soft computing technique and can handle

Fig. 2. Space phasor depiction of currents and the flux linkage of rotor

A. Implementation of the WECS

The entire WECS [7] model with different controllers
is shown in FigFig3 It has different blocks for the Droop
control, Flux control, Speed control, Hysteresis Control and
Torque Control. The different controllers help in stabilizing
Fig. 4. Block Diagram of the WECS using a Fuzzy Logic Controller

non-linear characteristics and used for producing the optimal

output of a system. In a wind turbine generator, there is a
high non-linearity in the characteristics due to the high wind
variation from time to time. To overcome these, Fuzzy logic
controller has been used in the MSC and better results have
been obtained. The FLC is added to the circuit with the active
power and wind speed as input. The membership function that
has been employed in this work is shown in Fig5.

IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

The WECS is simulated in the Matlab/simulink environment

Fig. 3. Circuit Diagram of MSC with different blocks in MATLAB/Simulink . Each stage is simulated, and the results are observed. The
environment results of each stage are presented in this section.
 Fig. 5. Membership Function of the FLC employed
A. CASE I: Simulation without controllers
After simulation is performed, the following graphs show
the output of the system in Stage I The graphs include
the torque, rotor speed and active power of a wind turbine
generator against time as are shown in Figs 6 to 8.
Fig. 6. Change in Active Power Output with Time
Fig. 7. Change in Rotor Speed with Time
It is observed there is high oscillation in the results. The
speed oscillates in the range 0.95 to 1.07p.u. approximately.
The range of torque variation is from -600 to 800 p.u. The
range of variation of power is from -800 to 790 approximately
Fig. 8. Change in Torque with Time
B. CASE II: Simulation with controllers (MSC)
The graphs shown below give the performance of the system
when the system in Fig3 is implemented.
Fig. 9. Change in Active Power Output with Time (with MSC)
Fig. 10. Change in Rotor Speed with Time (with MSC)
After the incorporation of the MSC, the oscillations in the
output of the generator has decreased to a great extent Figs
9 to 13. The oscillation in the speed curve has reduced and
ranges from 0.96 to 1.035 p.u. The oscillations of torque have
reduced, and the range is from -650 to 650. The power output
varies from -700 to 600 thus showing that the oscillations have

Fig. 11. Change in Torque with Time (with MSC)
Fig. 12. Change in Power with Wind speed (with MSC)
Fig. 13. Change in Rotor speed with Wind speed (with MSC)
greatly reduced as compared to the situation with no controller
at all.
C. CASE III: Simulation with proposed FLC controller
After the incorporation of the FLC in addition to the MSC,
the system shows a better performance as compared to the
cases as mentioned above. The following figures shows the
results of performance with FLC.
The results Fig 14 to 18 show that with the FLC the
oscillations of torque have decreased substantially. The control
of the overall system has considerably improved. Similar
improvements can be observed with the rotor speed and power.
The non-linearity of power vs wind speed has reduced to
a great extent. Table I gives a comparative value of the
parameters in all the cases.
Fig. 14. Change in Active Power Output with Time (with FLC)
Fig. 15. Change in Rotor Speed with Time (with FLC)
Fig. 16. Change in Torque with Time (with FLC)
V. C ONCLUSION
WECS acting alone without any control strategy gives
highly oscillatory output. After the addition of controllers for
regulating the rotor speed, torque and power, the response of
the entire system improve and oscillations come down. But for
 [5] Youjie Ma, Xia Yang, Xuesong Zhou, Luyong Yang and Yongliang
Zhou. ”Dual Closed-Loop Linear Active Disturbance Rejection Con-
trol of Grid-Side Converter of Permanent Magnet Direct-Drive Wind
Turbine”, Energies, 13(5), 2020.
[6] Djohra Saheb-Koussa, Mourad Haddadi, Maiouf Belhamel, Seddik
Hadji, Said Nouredine, ”Modeling and simulation of the fixed-speed
WECS (wind energy conversion system): Application to the Algerian
Sahara area”, Energy(Elsevier), Volume 35, Issue 10, pp. 4116-4125.
[7] Hemant Ahuja and Pawan Kumar,”A novel approach for coordinated
operation of variable speed wind energy conversion in smart grid
applications”, Computers and Electrical Engineering, 77, pp. 72-87, May
2019.

Fig. 17. Change in Power with Wind speed (with FLC)

Fig. 18. Change in Rotor speed with Wind speed (with FLC)

TABLE I
COMPARISON OF PARAMETERS FOR DIFFERENT CASES

PARAMETERS RESULTS(p.u)
CASE I CASE II CASE III
Torque -600 to 800 -650 to 650 -100 to 90
Power -800 to 790 -700 to 600 -110 to 70
Rotor Speed 0.95 to 1.07 0.96 to 1.035 0.996 to 1.006

practical purposes, the stability of the system had to improve

further. After the addition of the Fuzzy Logic Controller, the
response becomes even better and can be concluded that the
proposed FLC gives promising results.

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